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php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Big Picture Mental Health of Generation Z in The World Bintang Mukhammad Burhanudin Akbar1.
Dini Rahma Dwi Prawesti1*.
Wikan Swadesi Arum Perbani1 1 Faculty of Vocational Education Program.
Universitas Indonesia Article History Submitted: 12-03-2024 Revised: 28-04-2024 Accepted: 30-04-2024 org/10.
58545/jkki.
Copyright .
2024 Dini Rahma Dwi Prawesti This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-SA License.
Abstract Mental health problems, especially in Generation Z, are currently an important issue to be addressed.
This condition is caused by mental health being able to influence various aspects of life.
This research method uses a Systematic Literature Review approach with the Prisma protocol, which focuses on five continents.
The research results explained that there was an increase in cases of depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders in Generation Z.
This was influenced by several factors, such as excessive exposure to information on social media, fatigue from using social media, as well as academic stressors and social problems faced.
Handling mental health problems can be done by providing mental health education, psychotherapy, social support, and managing the use of social media and gadgets.
Keywords: Generation Z.
Mental Health.
Systematic Literature Review Correspondence Dini Rahma Dwi Prawesti Faculty of Vocational Education Program.
Universitas Indonesia.
Jl.
Lingkar.
Pondok Cina.
Depok.
West Java, 16424.
Indonesia email: dini.
rahma21@ui.
How to cite:
Akbar.
Prawesti.
, & Perbani.
Big Picture Mental Health of Generation Z in The World.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia, 4.
, 1Ae20.
https://doi.
org/10.
58545/jkki.
are a significant global disease burden.
BACKGROUND
According to both the World Health However, there is a growing recognition Organization (WHO) in 2011 and recent that these problems are not adequately reports from the Institute for Health addressed and that more resources are Metrics and Evaluation (IMHE) in 2019 needed to alleviate them.
Mental health and WHO in 2021, mental health disorders problems are a multifaceted concern that are a significant global disease burden.
can profoundly impact various aspects of According to both the World Health life (Moitra, 2.
According to global Organization (WHO) in 2011 and recent health data, mental health problems affect reports from the Institute for Health 970 million people worldwide, which Metrics and Evaluation (IMHE) in 2019 accounts for 12.
2% of the total world and WHO in 2021, mental health disorders population .
efer to Table .
Akbar.
Prawesti.
, & Perbani.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 4 Issue 1.
April 2024, pp 1-20 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Table 1.
Global Prevalence of Mental Health Problems in The World (WHO, 2.
Type Number (Million Peopl.
Percentage (%) Anxiety disorders Depressive disorders Developmental disorder .
Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity disorder Bipolar disorder Conduct disorders Autism spectrum disorders Schizophrenia
24,25
Eating disorders Several countries have acknowledged shift from local communities to state the growing incidence of mental health governments to ensure more adequate and cases, especially in light of the COVID-19 well-controlled services in the US (Nash & pandemic (Saqib et al.
, 2.
According to Arhyle, 2.
This is evidenced by the Jenkins Mental Health Bill Act of 2022 (Moncrieff, including Iran.
Zanzibar.
Georgia, and 2.
in the UK and the shift from local Macedonia, communities to state governments to .
, government-supported ensure more adequate and well-controlled The objective of these policies is to services in the US (Nash & Arhyle, 2.
decrease the incidence and prevalence of According to Herman .
, several mental disorders, promote mental health, countries, such as the UK.
USA.
Ireland, reduce the severity, and decrease mortality Australia.
New Zealand, and Thailand, related to mental illness, with a particular have adopted a comprehensive approach to focus on suicide.
Since the 18th century, the promoting, preventing, and treating mental British and United States governments This approach considers the managing mental health problems.
This is Gratzer and Goldbloom evidenced by the Mental Health Bill Act of .
explained the high prevalence of 2022 (Moncrieff, 2.
in the UK and the Big Picture Mental Health of Generation Z in The World Canada.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 4 Issue 1.
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php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Consequently, the psychological distress of many people increased access to mental health services at every level because these conditions and funding and has developed telehealth increase uncertainty.
and information centers.
To overcome Generation Z's mental Currently, mental health concerns health problems, we need to map the among Generation Z are a significant issue factors that affect mental health.
Andrias due to the high risk of experiencing health and Satori .
and Azizah and Hartono According to data from Unicef .
explain that factor mapping is .
, mental health problems affect one in seven adolescents, and unfortunately, occurring in the study object.
This is done 46,000 adolescents commit suicide every to get data on things that need to be According to a survey conducted by In this way, mapping becomes an the McKinsey Health Institute in 2022, it essential foundation in dealing with mental was found that Generation Z experiences health problems more systematically and more health problems than the Millennial generation, particularly in regards to mental health.
It is essential to provide METHODS special attention to this generation in order The study utilized the Systematic to reduce the number of mental health Literature Review (SLR) research method, disorders and promote a healthier future which was selected for its capacity to identify, interpret, analyze, and evaluate Currently, pertinent information.
Additionally, the various challenges that can cause mental study adhered to the Preferred Reporting health problems.
Pradidi et al.
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- explain that academic problems contribute analyses (PRISMA) protocol to address to stressors that can affect mental health.
research problems.
The PRISMA protocol The problem of time or time is something is based on a series of recommended stages, that needs to be considered.
this is taking including defining eligibility criteria, lessons during a pandemic where cases of determining information sources, selecting data, collecting data, and retrieving data Generation Trikusuma and Hendriani .
explain (Asar et al.
, 2.
that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Akbar.
Prawesti.
, & Perbani.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 4 Issue 1.
April 2024, pp 1-20 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Data was collected using several "generation Z," "Australia.
" The articles applications, namely publish or perish, consensus, and several supporting articles from Google Scholar.
The keywords used eliminating titles and abstracts that did for this article are .
"mental health," not meet expectations or research themes.
"generation Z," "America," .
"mental health," Ultimately, an overall review of the "generation Z," "Europe," .
"mental health," documents obtained was carried out.
The "generation Z," "Asia," .
"mental health, data selection process is presented in "Generation Z, "Africa," .
"mental health," Figure 1.
The Figure 1.
Framework PRISMA Systematic Literature Review
RESULTS
of mental health conditions, influencing The factor mapping in this study factors, and treatments.
This aims to obtain involved various journals published in a specific picture of mental health various countries focusing on Generation conditions, influencing factors, and how The aim was to obtain a specific picture Big Picture Mental Health of Generation Z in The World Furthermore.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 4 Issue 1.
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php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 information collected was categorized to This has led to increased stress due to obtain recommendations that can be used excessive information about COVID-19.
as a basis for managing mental health The emergence of symptoms of fatigue and In this context, triangulation is fear is also triggered by exposure to carried out to obtain an accurate research excessive information about COVID-19 Chen .
explains that the circulating on social media.
In addition, the triangulation approach is an important long-term impact of exposure to excessive part that can strengthen the results of the information can lead to symptoms of analysis produced, while Maxwell .
peritraumatic dissociation.
explains that triangulation is an integral experienced varying levels of depression, conceptualized information.
The results of anxiety, stress, and sleep disturbance.
applying Systematic Literature Review to However, most were still within the The study found that respondents information as follows:
symptoms, which exceeded the abnormal Respondents' overall climate The State of Mental Health in the World change anxiety levels and mental health for Generation Z indices were moderate.
Linear regression analysis showed that the level of climate Generation Z has expressed concern change anxiety had a significant impact on the decline in mental health.
A study found According COVID-19 Additionally, a considerable number of individuals within this generation have experience moderate to very severe levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep depression, particularly during the strict disturbances due to gadget dependency.
lockdown period.
It has been suggested Additionally, several studies have revealed that the excessive use of social media may a high prevalence of mental illness, have contributed to feelings of mental including general mental disorders and fatigue and fear.
Generation Z's post-millennials Access to therapy for mental COVID-19 is triggered by the amount of information circulating on social media.
relatively low.
Akbar.
Prawesti.
, & Perbani.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 4 Issue 1.
April 2024, pp 1-20 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 The survey results indicate that a by bilingual students and its detrimental majority of respondents reported knowing effect on their academic performance.
individuals with mental health issues.
Several further studies found an increase in Additionally, symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, respondents reported experiencing or and other mental health disorders in currently experiencing mental health college students during the pandemic, especially in millennials and Gen Z.
Another highlighted the mental health stigma faced Table 2.
Condition Mental Health of Generation Z Continent Description Expert America Previous research has found an increase in Liu.
Cindy H et al .
Rao.
Maya et al symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, .
Piotr.
Dlugosz et al .
McPherson, feelings of loneliness, and other mental health Pamella et al .
Grelle.
Kaitlin .
disorders among Generation Z in the Americas, particularly among those aged 18-29 years.
Europe Several previous studies have found that Ranieri, et al approximately 60% of Generation Z in .
Liu, et al .
Vacchiano.
Continental Europe experienced anxiety as a Riad.
, et al .
Runcan, et al .
result of the Russia-Ukraine War in 2022 (RUW-.
, with about half of this group experiencing both anxiety and depression.
Additionally, fatigue is associated with the use of social media.
Asia Previous research suggests that Generation Z is Lestar.
dan Astuti.
Haddad, susceptible to various mental health issues.
Jessica et al .
Surat.
Shahlan et al .
including depression, anxiety, eating disorders.
Marc Eric S.
Reyes et al .
Rudianto.
Zalfa self-harm, multiple Nuraeni .
Claretta.
Dyva et al .
perfectionism, and sleep disorders.
Dodok.
Yohanis et al .
Rizvi et al .
Pei.
Lihua et al .
Yuniarta.
, et al, .
Beyari.
Hasan et al .
Fahreza, , et al .
Africa Previous research indicates that mental health conditions are on the rise in Africa, particularly among the younger generation, who experience high levels of anxiety and depression.
Australia Previous research indicates an increase in Godden.
, et al .
Li.
, et al .
mental health disorders among Australian children and adolescents.
These disorders include fear, overwhelm, hopelessness, anger, depression, sleep disorders, behavioral changes, and risk of suicidal thoughts.
Big Picture Mental Health of Generation Z in The World Hassen.
, et al .
Bantjes.
Jason et al .
Ndubiwa.
N .
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 4 Issue 1.
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id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Important Factors Affecting Mental significant impact, with social distancing Health and online learning exacerbating these Factors associated with mental Limited access to mental health services further compounds the issue.
exposure to COVID-19 information on Various factors contribute to the social media, fatigue from overuse of social conditions of adolescents, including the media, fear of COVID-19, fear of missing stigma of mental illness, academic pressure, out, and dependence on technology.
social isolation during the pandemic, low Overloading on social media can trigger emotional competence, and excessive use of social media.
Additionally, family communication patterns, the quality of psychological disorders.
family time, parental health literacy, and academic demands can also have an impact.
mediate and moderate the relationship On the other hand, psychological resilience between anxiety and mental health.
The and high family social support are study found a positive association between protective factors that can improve young anxiety related to climate change and social people's social, economic, and cultural isolation and a decline in mental health.
Additionally, demographic, socioeconomic, excessive use of social media, race, online environmental, and age factors were found to be influential.
Students face a variety of contributing factors to mental health stressors, including academic, social, and The summary of the various factors Additionally, that influence the mental health conditions technology-rich environments and social of individuals and groups based on the media can contribute to these stressors.
results of related studies in Table 1.
The Covid-19 pandemic has also had a Indicators of emotional levels in elderly Personality Research respondents .
Akbar.
Prawesti.
, & Perbani.
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php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Table 3.
Factors Affecting Mental Health of Generation Z (Continue to page .
Continent Description Expert America Factors affecting mental health conditions in the Americas Liu.
Cindy H et al .
Rao.
Maya are as follows:
et al .
Karin L.
Becker .
A Excessive use of social media.
Piotr.
Dlugosz et al .
A Social and economic factors, including finance.
McPherson.
Pamella et al .
religion, and economic stability.
Grelle.
Kaitlin .
A Personality characteristics as mediators between anxiety and mental state.
A Age and generational factors, with millennials and Gen Z experiencing worse symptoms than older A Gender, women tend to be at risk of poor mental state compared to men.
A Child disharmony with parents Europe The most influential factors on mental health in Ranieri, et al .
Liu, et al .
Continental Europe are as follows Vacchiano.
Riad.
, et al A Excessive fear about news circulating on social media.
Runcan.
, et al .
A Fear of Missing Out (FOMO).
A Gender.
A Frequency of following the news.
A Excessive use of social media.
A Limited social interaction.
A Uncertainty of career opportunities.
A Adapt to new habits and technologies.
Asia Factors affecting mental health on the Asian continent are Lestar.
dan Astuti.
as follows:
Haddad.
Jessica et al .
Surat.
A Climate change anxiety Shahlan et al .
Marc Eric S.
A Conscientiousness Reyes et al .
Rudianto.
Zalfa Nuraeni .
Claretta.
Dyva et al A Openness .
Dodok.
Yohanis et al .
A Social isolation Rizvi et al .
Pei.
Lihua et al A Gadget addiction .
Yuniarta.
, et al, .
A Sleep quality disorders Beyari.
Hasan et al .
A Loneliness Fahreza.
, et al .
A Technophobia and nomophobia A Demographic, socio-economic and environmental A Age and development A Academic and financial stressors A Constraints on availability, accessibility, and affordability of mental health services A Mental health stigma A High competition A Family communication patterns A Quality family time A Social media usage A Exercise time A Exposure to information overload A Long working hours A Lifestyle A Level of knowledge and culture Big Picture Mental Health of Generation Z in The World Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 4 Issue 1.
April 2024, pp 1-20 https://ebsina.
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php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Continent Description Expert Africa Factors that influence mental health conditions in the Americas are as follows:
A Gender Based Violence.
A Gender inequality.
A Child marriage and initiation school practices.
A Toxic culture.
A Socio Demographics such as ethnicity, culture, parental education level and school level.
A Socio-economic status Hassen.
, et al .
Bantjes.
Jason et al .
Ndubiwa.
Australia Factors that influence the state of mental health on the Godden.
, et al .
Li.
,et Australian continent are as follows:
A Loneliness.
A Changes in behavior patterns.
A Sleep disturbance.
A Overuse of technology.
A Climate change.
A Sociodemographic factors such as ethnicity and On the other hand, information can It is necessary to implement be obtained to map current mental health interventions that focus on reducing According to WHO .
, anxiety and psychological disorders caused several levels can influence mental health, by the pandemic, such as digital-based including the individual level .
enetics, online programs or counseling.
social skills, physical health, and daily Psychotherapies such as Cognitive activitie.
, the family and community level Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and social .
erinatal support can be applied to address mental networking, and access to spac.
, and the health concerns.
Additionally, awareness- country level .
conomy, infrastructure, raising efforts related to climate change access to services, environment, justice, income, and gender issue.
It is also essential to raise awareness of the potential dangers of gadget dependence and monitor their use How To Handle Mental Health Various approaches can be used to in a structured manner.
Involving health address mental health issues, including and education institutions in professional self-monitoring, regulating social media use, and participating in mental health psychotherapy, student welfare support policies, and mental health education Akbar.
Prawesti.
, & Perbani.
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php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 campaigns can be practical collaborative Additionally, transcultural wisdom approaches are multidisciplinary approach can improve recommended when conducting surveys mental health conditions.
Evidence-based and research.
Engaging in regular exercise, mental health approaches, such as short, getting adequate rest, establishing social solution-focused counseling, have been interactions, and practicing relaxation and shown to reduce anxiety effectively.
Cross- sectoral cooperation is necessary to build Consulting professionals an integrated and sustainable treatment such as psychologists and psychiatric system that supports community welfare.
Table 4.
Intervention for Problem Mental Health of Generation Z (Continue to page .
Continent Description Expert America The way mental health disorders are treated in the Americas are as follows:
A Consultation with mental health specialists, either through professional counseling and individual or group psychotherapy.
A Implement an anti-bullying policy.
A Provide mindfulness and optimism support to improve emotion regulation.
A Increase access to mental health resources for Gen Z.
A Create exercise moves, interactive games, and provide A Recommends careful use of social media features to avoid triggering mental disorders.
A Improve interpersonal skills and emotion regulation.
Liu.
Cindy H et al .
Rao.
Maya et al .
Karin L.
Becker .
Piotr.
Dlugosz et al .
McPherson.
Pamella et al .
Grelle.
Kaitlin .
Europe The way mental health disorders are treated in Europe is as A Self-monitoring or self-care A Filtration of social media usage A Developing psychological support A Engage with social media Ranieri, et al .
Liu, et al .
Vacchiano.
Riad.
, et al .
Runcan, et al Asia How mental health disorders are treated on the Asian Lestar.
dan Astuti.
continent as follows:
Haddad.
Jessica et al .
Surat.
A Social support Shahlan et al .
Marc Eric S.
A Completion activity Reyes et al .
Rudianto.
Zalfa Nuraeni .
Claretta.
Dyva et A Increase faith A Raising awareness on gadget dependency, climate al .
Dodok.
Yohanis et al change, and mitigation measures .
Rizvi et al .
Pei.
A Controlling gadget use Lihua et al .
Yuniarta.
A Time management et al, .
Beyari.
Hasan et al .
Fahreza.
, et al A Provide and deliver counseling .
A Create specialized training to manage emotions Big Picture Mental Health of Generation Z in The World Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 4 Issue 1.
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php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Continent Description A A A A A A A A A Expert Increase social engagement Learn relaxation techniques Set realistic targets and expectations Practice a balanced lifestyle with regular exercise, healthy eating, and adequate rest.
Be careful and discerning in the use of social media Improve emotion regulation strategies such as mindfulness, optimism, and cognitive reappraisal.
Engage in relaxation and self-care activities.
Improving health literacy Approaching with Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) Africa How mental health disorders are treated on the African continent are as follows:
A Conduct mental health education campaigns.
A Provide easily accessible counseling and psychological support services.
A Implementing mental health literacy.
A Facilitate access to therapy for mental disorders by involving health workers.
A Promote the elimination of practices harmful to mental A Improving socio-economic status Australia The ways mental health disorders are treated in Australia are Godden.
, et al .
Li.
as follows:
et al .
A Psychosocial support such as counseling, emotional support, and health resource services that are easily accessible to Gen Z.
A Improve mental health literacy through various media.
A Develop a mental disorder prevention model that is easily accessible online.
A Provide counseling, emotional support, and communication approaches.
A Implement culture-based interventions according to community conditions.
A Improve stress management and emotion regulation Hassen.
, et al .
Bantjes.
Jason et al .
Ndubiwa.
mental health problems in Generation Z
DISCUSSION