Pitaloka.
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ISSN 2303- 0089
e-ISSN 2656-949
DINAMIKA GOVERNANCE
JURNAL ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA
http://ejournal.
id/index.
php/jdg/index THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE KRPPA PROGRAM FOR GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN BABAT JERAWAT VILLAGE Yanesty Ayu Pitaloka*1.
Sri Juni Woro Astuti 2 Universitas Wijaya Putra 1,2 *Email Corresponding: 21031025@student.
ARTICLE INFORMATION
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received date : 9 September 2025 Revised date : 9 Oktober 2025 Accepted date : 10 Oktober 2025 The Women and Child Friendly Village Programme (KRPPA) is a government initiative introduced by the Ministry of WomenAos Empowerment and Child Protection to strengthen gender mainstreaming and child protection at the local level.
This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of KRPPA in Babat Jerawat Urban Village.
Surabaya.
A qualitative descriptive method was employed, involving five key informants consisting of DP3APPKB staff, village officials.
KSH cadres, community leaders, and female residents.
Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and were analysed based on seven dimensions of programme effectiveness: clarity of objectives, resources, participation, coordination, programme quality, evaluation, and impact.
The results indicate that KRPPA in Babat Jerawat is Aufairly effectiveAy.
Activities such as family health posts, parenting classes, and premarital courses support the programmeAos indicators, but implementation remains limited to health and social aspects.
The main obstacles are the lack of continuous training, weak cross-agency coordination, and the absence of participatory evaluation.
These findings suggest that the effectiveness of KRPPA at the local level requires further strengthening in terms of socialisation, cadre capacity building, and inter-agency synergy to achieve its objectives more optimally.
Keywords: KRPPA.
gender mainstreaming.
women and children programs.
Surabaya
INTRODUCTION
Gender-responsive child-caring development is an important agenda in public policy in Indonesia.
Since 2021, the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (KemenpA) has launched the Women Friendly and Child Caring Village/ Urban Village (DRPPA/KRPPA) program to strengthen gender mainstreaming and child protection at the local level (Setkab, 2.
This program is based on Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2000 concerning Gender Mainstreaming and was adapted to the regional level through Surabaya City Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2019 (Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, 2.
and Mayor's Regulation Number 43 of 2020 (Walikota Surabaya.
These regulations provide both legal legitimacy and technical guidance for the implementation of KRPPA in Surabaya.
The urgency of this program is even more evident when linked to the city's socio-economic BPS data shows that the number of poor residents in Surabaya had increased from 4.
51% in 2019 to 5.
23% in 2021, before slowly decreasing to 96% in 2024 (Surabaya, 2.
Although this trend is encouraging, the vulnerability of women remains high because most depend on the informal sector for a living.
Of the total 1.
54 million working residents in Surabaya, almost half are recorded as laborers, freelancers, or unpaid family workers.
Women make up a larger proportion of those who work independently, are family workers, and are in unpaid employment compared to men (Surabaya, 2.
This condition indicates that the decrease in poverty does not necessarily eliminate the economic vulnerability experienced by women.
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In terms of social protection, cases of violence against women are also still alarming.
The Surabaya DP3APPKB recorded 93 cases in 2024, consisting of 63 domestic violence cases and 30 sexual violence cases (Elaine, 2.
This situation confirms that women remain in a vulnerable position, making the strengthening of gender institutions at the urban village level an urgent necessity.
A number of previous studies have shown that the implementation of DRPPA/KRPPA in various regions faces challenges.
Martiani.
Yuwono, & Supratiwi .
found weak institutional coordination in Purbalingga, while Enggareti.
Widowati, & Maesaroh .
emphasized that program effectiveness is heavily influenced by local capacity and cross-actor coordination.
Aryatie.
Thalib, & Usanti .
highlighted the role of village regulations in the prevention of child marriage, while Darmaningrum & Ardiansyah .
demonstrated the importance of female leadership in DRPPA-based development.
Obstacles in the form of a lack of socialization and evaluation were also revealed by Haslindatus .
Elaine .
, and Darmaningrum & Ardiansyah .
However, research on the effectiveness of KRPPA in Surabaya is still very limited, especially in urban villages that have not yet received maximum program strengthening.
The study by Indarto & Rahmawati .
did examine KRPPA in Surabaya, but their focus was on the role of Kader Surabaya Hebat (KSH) in Manyar Sabrangan Urban Village as a community actor in promoting a women-friendly and childcaring urban village.
That study provided an overview of the dynamics of the cadres but did not assess the extent to which KRPPA is effective as a public policy.
This research takes a different direction by comprehensively assessing the program's effectiveness, including its achievements, supporting and inhibiting factors, and its contribution to strengthening gender institutions at the urban village level.
The context of Babat Jerawat further reinforces the novelty of this research because, as of mid 2025, the urban village had not received further guidance related to KRPPA or Gender Responsive Neighborhood Units.
In fact, the DP3APPKB targets guidance in three sub-districts every month, and as of July 2025, only nine sub-districts with 44 urban villages have received guidance, while Babat Jerawat is not included.
This condition indicates an implementation gap that is important to study.
Theoretically, this research uses the framework of program effectiveness proposed by Campbell .
in Enggareti et al.
which emphasizes a program's ability to achieve measurable goals in a complex context.
The policy implementation model of Van Meter and Van Horn .
in Martiani et al.
also strengthens the analysis by highlighting the importance of communication, resources, and the disposition of From an organizational perspective.
Gibson .
in Haslindatus .
emphasizes the alignment of organizational structure, process, and behavior as a measure of effectiveness.
These three frameworks provide a relevant conceptual basis for assessing the effectiveness of KRPPA at the local Based on this, the research problem is how effective KRPPA is as a form of gender mainstreaming implementation in Babat Jerawat Urban Village.
Surabaya.
The objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the KRPPA program's implementation, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and evaluate its contribution to strengthening gender institutions at the local level.
RESEARCH METHODS
This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach.
This method was chosen because it aligns with the research objective, which is to gain an in-depth understanding of how the Women-Friendly and Child-Caring Urban Village (KRPPA) program is implemented in Babat Jerawat Urban Village and its impact on women's well-being.
The research focus is not on statistical figures, but on the experiences, meanings, and social dynamics directly felt by residents, especially women.
The research location was set in Babat Jerawat Urban Village.
Pakal District.
Surabaya City.
This area was chosen purposively because it has been designated as one of the implementing urban villages for KRPPA, and it also has a diverse social character empowerment activities.
Supporting data was obtained from Surabaya City BPS documents and official DP3APPKB reports which show a high number of female residents and their level of involvement in community-based programs.
The research duration was approximately three months, from June to August 2025.
In the preparation stage, the researcher conducted a literature study on program effectiveness and gender mainstreaming, and prepared interview guidelines.
The research implementation stage was carried out by collecting data through in-depth interviews and field observations.
Meanwhile, the analysis stage was carried out through the process of transcribing interview results, data coding, and organizing information according to the seven dimensions of program effectiveness which became the research Pitaloka.
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The data analysis process was carried out thematically, emphasizing the links between findings, and then compared with the theoretical framework and previous research results.
Research informants were determined using a purposive sampling technique, which is the selection of subjects who are considered most relevant and have direct experience related to the implementation of KRPPA.
The main informants included a Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) staff member from the Surabaya City DP3APPKB who understands the policy framework and program implementation at the city level, the Head of the Babat Jerawat Urban Village Welfare Section who represents the role of the urban village government, the Head of the Kader Surabaya Hebat (KSH) RW 10 who is active in mentoring and empowering residents, a housewife in RW 10 who also serves as a KSH cadre, and a female resident who is a program beneficiary.
The number of informants in this study is limited, primarily due to the limited research time and access to informants.
Nevertheless, the selection of informants was carried out purposively so that the data obtained remains relevant to the research focus.
To maintain the credibility and validity of the research, the researcher used source triangulation and technique triangulation.
Source triangulation was carried out by comparing data from various informants with different backgrounds, such as government officials, cadres, and residents.
Technique triangulation was carried out by comparing interview results with field observations and regional regulations in the form of Regional Regulations (Perd.
Mayor's Regulations (Perwal.
, as well as official indicators from the Ministry of pA regarding KRPPA implementation, so that the information obtained could strengthen each other.
This effort was made to minimize bias and increase the validity of the research findings.
The analysis in this study refers to the theory of program effectiveness according to Campbell .
0 in Enggareti et al.
and Gibson et al.
1 in Haslindatus .
, which emphasizes the importance of clear goals, availability of resources, inter-institutional coordination, quality of activities, implementation evaluation, and program impact.
In addition, the official indicators of the Ministry of pA regarding KRPPA implementation were used as a reference in assessing achievements at the urban village level.
enrich the analysis, this study also refers to the policy implementation theory of Van Meter and Van Horn, which emphasizes the importance of communication among implementers, adequate resources, and sociopolitical conditions in determining the success of a public policy.
The integration of Campbell's effectiveness theory and Van Meter & Van Horn's implementation framework allows this research to not only assess the program's success in terms of indicator achievements but also from the dynamics of implementation at the urban village level which involves interaction among actors, institutional support, and community participation.
Thus, the research method used is able to provide a comprehensive picture of how KRPPA's effectiveness in Babat Jerawat Urban Village is formed, what factors support and hinder it, and how this program contributes to gender mainstreaming and child protection at the local level.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Clarity of Objectives and Planning The Women-Friendly and Child-Caring Urban Village (KRPPA) program in Babat Jerawat Urban Village is part of the implementation of a national policy initiated by the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (KemenpA).
Initial socialization of the program was conducted on August 20, 2024, and was implemented through coordination between the urban village.
RWs .
eighborhood association.
, and community The main objective of the program is to create a safe, friendly, and conducive environment for women and children, while also strengthening the Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) strategy at the local A PUG staff member from the DP3APPKB affirmed that the program has clear directions and indicators as established by the KemenpA:
AuKRPPA is part of the implementation of PUGA The urban village encourages the RWs to be able to fulfill the women-friendly and child-caring indicators, especially those related to violence, participation, and access to services.
Ay (Interview.
Tuesday.
June 24, 2.
However, this understanding has not been fully uniform at the urban village level.
The Head of the Babat Jerawat Welfare Section stated that the objective of KRPPA is understood more as a tool for the urban village to strengthen coordination with the RWs so that activities can target women's and children's issues.
He stated: AuAfter the socialization, we helped coordinate with the RWs, so that the activities could target children and women, at least reducing violence, increasing activities, and providing a safe space.
Ay (Interview.
Tuesday.
June 17, 2.
Meanwhile, the understanding at the cadre level tends to be more practical.
The Head of Kader KSH RW 10 emphasized the importance of this Pitaloka.
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program for assisting vulnerable groups, although the term AuKRPPAAy is not fully understood by all cadres.
She explained: AuGender equality is important, because we can't directly interfere in household problems, but we can provide assistance and For children, we have a family Posyandu every month, from babies to the elderly, everyone can be monitored.
Ay (Interview.
Thursday.
July 10.
A similar sentiment was conveyed by a female cadre and Head of the RT .
eighborhood uni.
in RW 10.
According to her, the community's understanding of the KRPPA's objectives is more often formed through routine activities: AuThe activities may seem small, but they have many benefits, they can increase knowledge about parenting, maintaining health, and the mothers also become enthusiastic about getting together.
Ay (Interview.
Thursday.
August 1, 2.
From the general public's perspective, understanding of the program's objectives is still A resident felt that the planning of activities was often not suitable for the working hours of residents: "The activities are actually good, but sometimes the timing is not right, working mothers cannot join.
If it could be in the afternoon or on weekends, more people could participate.
(Interview.
Thursday.
August 1, 2.
These findings show that although the objectives of KRPPA are quite clear at the official level, at the urban village and community level, understanding still varies.
According to Campbell .
in Enggareti et al.
, clarity of objectives is an important requirement for implementers to understand the direction of a policy.
The lack of clarity on the ground has the potential to cause implementation bias.
This finding is in line with Martiani et al.
in Purbalingga, who emphasized that the clarity of the program's direction is very decisive for the success of internalizing gender values in the community.
Table 1 Clarity of Objectives and Planning Informant Findings Analysis Understands PUG Staff, formal KRPPA DP3APPKB indicators as part of PUG Urban Village Welfare Section Head Objectives are clear at the Understands it as a tool for Planning is activities targeting still general, not technically children .
ut there detailed is an overlap in between RPA and KRPPA) Focuses on Substantive (Posyandu.
Head of Kader KSH not identical violence case.
RW 10 with the term .
ut does not KRPPA know that the program is part of KRPPA) Knows KRPPA's objectives through routine activities Socialization (SOTH, is not explicit.
Cadre (Head Posyandu, but is formed of RT) exercise, religious stud.
ut does not know that the program is part of KRPPA) Female Resident Considers the activities good but the time planning The objective is not suitable for is not working people inclusive for .
nly knows about all groups pre-existing Resources and Facilities The implementation of the Women-Friendly and Child-Caring Urban Village (KRPPA) Program in Babat Jerawat Urban Village involves various human resources (HR) and utilizes available local In terms of HR, the program is supported by urban village officials.
RW .
eighborhood associatio.
Kader Surabaya Hebat (KSH) cadres, and residents who are involved through routine activities.
A PUG staff member from the DP3APPKB emphasized that the presence of cadres is the backbone of the activities: AuThe HR is mostly from the urban village and the RW.
Every RW has at least one KSH cadre, and they are usually empowered to carry out the activities.
Ay (Interview.
June 24, 2.
This was reinforced by the statement of the Head of the Babat Jerawat Urban Village Welfare Section, who said that in addition to RW officials, assisting students from universities also helped with a number of activities: AuWe use what is already available, such as the RW hall or the PAUD (Early Childhood Educatio.
There are also activities that are sometimes assisted by students who have usually received training from the DP3APPKB or Pitaloka.
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Karang Taruna .
outh organizatio.
Ay (Interview.
June 17, 2.
The cadre structure at the RW level is quite The Head of Kader KSH RW 10 stated:
AuIn my RW, there are four RTs .
eighborhood unit.
, and each RT usually has three cadres.
So that's enough to assist with activities, especially activities like weighing or parenting.
Ay (Interview.
July 10.
The role of cadres is not only limited to technical implementation but also includes coordination and mobilization of residents.
This is evident from the statement of a housewife who is also a KSH cadre: AuAs cadres, we are part of the implementers, who invite residents, arrange the place, and help create attendance lists and Sometimes we use the RW hall, sometimes we borrow the PAUD room.
Ay (Interview.
August 1, 2.
In terms of facilities.
KRPPA activities mostly use facilities that are already available in the community, such as RW halls and PAUD rooms.
Residents felt that these facilities were adequate enough to support the activities, although there were obstacles to the continuity of activities that still depend on the readiness of the cadres.
One resident stated: AuThe RW hall is enough for activities, just continue them.
Sometimes the activities stop because the cadres are busy or there is no schedule yet.
Ay (Interview.
August 1, 2.
These findings show that the availability of HR and physical facilities is basically sufficient to support the program's implementation.
However, limitations are still seen in terms of skills and Gibson et al.
in Haslindatus .
state that the availability of competent human resources is a crucial factor for program This condition is similar to Aryatie et , .
who found the need to strengthen the capacity of cadres so that the implementation of PUG programs is sustainable.
Table 2 Resources and Facilities Condition in the Aspect Analysis Field There are urban Great village officials.
RW, potential, but KSH cadres, assisting skills are not students, the cadre structure is quite Facilities Adequate RW halls and PAUD and easily rooms are used There is no routine training yet, activity Technical schedules are Support sometimes not Obstacles to Women's Participation The participation of women in the WomenFriendly and Child-Caring Urban Village (KRPPA) program in Babat Jerawat Urban Village shows a fairly active involvement, although it is still more dominant in health and social-based activities.
The most frequently attended activities include family Posyandu, parenting classes .
oth offline and onlin.
, group exercise, and routine religious studies.
These activities not only provide health services but also serve as a means for education on child-rearing, character building, and strengthening solidarity among mothers.
The Head of Kader KSH RW 10 emphasized that health activities, especially family Posyandu, are the main entry point for women's participation:
AuFamily Posyandu is active.
In our RW it also continues to run, besides that there are also parenting activities like SOTH, and those are usually of interest to the mothers.
Ay (Interview.
Thursday.
July 10.
She also added that the approach through health activities is considered easier for the community to accept: AuUsually, activities like mobile Posyandu are once a week, and the presence of health workers also attracts a lot of residents.
Through activities like this, we insert education on parenting and health.
Ay (Interview.
Tuesday.
June 24, 2.
The Head of the Babat Jerawat Urban Village Welfare Section confirmed that parenting classes held by the DP3APPKB, including those based online, also expand the space for women's participation: AuThe parenting classes are from the department, but we usually help distribute the invitations through cadres or RT-RW groups.
The active mothers usually participate.
Ay (Interview.
Tuesday.
June 17, 2.
From the perspective of a beneficiary, a female resident mentioned that these activities are not only beneficial from an educational standpoint but also strengthen social relationships: AuYes, we sometimes join the religious studies, exercise, or SOTH.
I think it's important, because we also learn how to raise children, and we can also share stories and information with our neighbors.
Ay (Interview.
Friday.
August 1, 2.
However, participation is not always A Head of the RT and KSH cadre explained that the level of resident attendance is heavily Pitaloka.
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influenced by time factors and the topic of the activity: AuThe active mothers will definitely participate, but there are also those who are busy with Usually, if the time is right, many people The key is the schedule and an interesting Ay (Interview.
Friday.
August 1, 2.
Overall, these findings show that women's participation in Babat Jerawat is quite high in practical activities, especially health and parenting, but has not yet reached the strategic realm such as decision-making.
This shows a soft impact in the form of increased awareness and social solidarity.
Indarto & Rahmawati .
found a similar trend in Manyar Sabrangan, that initial women's participation usually appears in practical activities before developing into strategic areas.
Table 3 Women's Participation Participation Activity Impact Level Increased health awareness, a forum for family Family Posyandu High Parenting Classes .
ncluding SOTH.
Father's Parenting Clas.
Increased insight MediumAeHigh into childrearing Forum/PKK & Religious Medium Studies Strengthened social solidarity among women Group Exercise Medium Pre-marital Classes Medium (Partia.
Increased fitness & togetherness Better preparation for Coordination and Support The coordination for the KRPPA program implementation in Babat Jerawat Urban Village involves various actors ranging from the Surabaya City DP3APPKB, urban village officials.
RWs, cadres, and residents.
The coordination mechanism is carried out in the form of online meetings via Zoom, routine communication via WhatsApp, and face-toface meetings at the RW hall or urban village office.
A PUG staff member from the DP3APPKB stated: AuWe always coordinate with the urban village, including in indicator reporting.
There are also usually online meetings, such as via Zoom, which become a forum for discussion across RWs and Ay (Interview.
July 24, 2.
The Head of the Urban Village Welfare Section confirmed the same thing: AuOur communication is usually via WhatsApp, for both meeting invitations and socialization.
Sometimes we also meet directly at the urban village office or during RW activities.
Ay (Interview.
June 17, 2.
The Head of Kader KSH RW 10 added that local coordination meetings are often held by combining the PKK and RW forums: AuWe have routine meetings, sometimes at the RW hall, sometimes we join PKK meetings.
Usually, the people who attend are the Head of the RW, cadres.
RTs, and the urban village also comes.
Ay (Interview.
July 10, 2.
However, most residents receive program information indirectly, through the RT/RW channels or WhatsApp groups.
An RT Head stated: AuUsually, information from the urban village is sent to the RW, then to the RT, and then we forward it to the residents via the WA group.
Ay (Interview.
August 1, 2.
This condition shows that coordination is indeed running, but it is mostly informal and topdown, and has not yet involved cross-agency or nongovernmental institutions.
According to Van Meter & Van Horn .
in Martiani et al.
coordination among implementing actors determines policy effectiveness.
The condition in Babat Jerawat is similar to the findings of Darmaningrum & Ardiansyah .
in Pekalongan, where weak synergy among actors hinders the success of PUG.
Table 4 Coordination and Support Coordination Actor Analysis Pattern Top-down.
Has not yet reporting and DP3APPKB Zoom involved other Effective, but Connects RW/RT Urban still limited to via WA & faceVillage to-face meetings More Routine local Head & meetings, joined minimal KSH Cadres with PKK forums structural RT/RW Information is Distributes info fast, but via WA/resident informal channels are Residents Receive info via Passive RT/cadres, ask less direct Pitaloka.
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access to Form and Quality of the Program The implementation of the KRPPA program in Babat Jerawat Urban Village is realized through various activities, both offline at the RW level and online facilitated by the Surabaya City DP3APPKB.
Routine activities at the RW level include family posyandu.
Early Childhood Education (PAUD), group exercise, religious studies, and PKK forums.
Meanwhile, online activities such as Parenting Classes.
Pre-marital Classes (Cati.
, and Father's Parenting are accessed through the Zoom The Head of Kader KSH RW 10 stated: AuThe routine ones are family posyandu.
PAUD, exercise, religious studies.
If there's one from the urban village, we join, if not, we just run the RW activities.
Ay (Interview.
July 10, 2.
The Head of the Urban Village Welfare Section added that the online activities are an innovation from the DP3APPKB: AuThe parenting classes are online, every Thursday, and the premarital classes are on Wednesdays.
We forward the info from the DP3APPKB to the cadres, and then they spread it to the residents.
Ay (Interview.
June 17.
However, participation in online activities is not yet uniform.
A resident stated: AuI know the online ones exist, but I've never participated.
I more often join the ones at the RW, like posyandu or religious Ay (Interview.
August 1, 2.
A similar sentiment was conveyed by a Head of the RT: AuWhen there's an invitation for an activity, it's usually distributed via the WA group.
But if it's doorto-door or they are invited directly, more residents show up.
Ay (Interview.
August 1, 2.
In general, offline activities are considered more effective because the atmosphere is more familiar and easy to access, while online activities provide flexibility but are constrained by technology Martiani et al.
confirmed that a clear program identity helps residents recognize and assess its success.
These findings reinforce the importance of integrating and labeling activities in Surabaya.
Table 5 Form and Quality of the Program Activity Frequency Quality Family Posyandu Routine PAUD & Religious Weekly Studies Group Exercise Weekly PKK Forum Monthly High Medium Medium Medium Parenting Classes Weekly online Medium Pre-marital Classes Weekly online Medium Father's Parenting Monthly Medium Evaluation and Monitoring The evaluation of the KRPPA program in Babat Jerawat Urban Village so far has been more administrative, in the form of reports on indicator achievements from the urban village to the Surabaya City DP3APPKB.
A PUG staff member from the DP3APPKB stated: AuEvaluation is carried out based on the completion of fulfillment indicators.
So the urban village reports the achievement of indicators from each RW.
Ay (Interview.
July 24, 2.
The Head of the Urban Village Welfare Section added: AuEvery month we report to the department, containing the achievement of indicators from RW activities.
But not all activities are formally Ay (Interview.
June 17, 2.
However, at the RW and community level, evaluation is more informal.
The Head of Kader KSH admitted: AuSo far there has been no formal At most, itAos just a conversation between cadres, or reporting to the Head of the RW if there are problems.
Ay (Interview.
July 10, 2.
The same thing was conveyed by other residents and cadres who affirmed that feedback is usually conveyed verbally, without a participatory mechanism or written documentation.
This condition shows a gap between administrative evaluation at the departmental level and substantive evaluation at the community level.
fact, according to KemenpA guidelines, an ideal evaluation must be based on citizen participation so that the social impact of the program can be recorded more comprehensively.
The weak social reflection system in Babat Jerawat is in line with the findings of Martiani et al.
that the absence of internalization of program values.
Table 6 Evaluation and Monitoring Ideal Babat Jerawat Aspect (KemenpA) Reality Evaluation Participatory Structured & Reporting Based on Monitoring indicators & Administrative Routine monthly.
Not routine at the RW level Program Impact Pitaloka.
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The KRPPA program in Babat Jerawat Urban Village has had a number of positive impacts on the community, especially regarding health awareness, parenting patterns, and the strengthening of social A PUG staff member from the DP3APPKB emphasized: AuOne of the KRPPA indicators is related to child-rights-based parenting.
So the goal is indeed for residents' behavior to also to be more sensitive, more aware.
Ay (Interview.
July 24, 2.
This is reflected in the increased participation in family posyandu activities.
The Head of the Urban Village Welfare Section stated: AuMothers are now more attentive.
At the posyandu, it's not just babies who are brought, sometimes the elderly are too.
it's like all stages of a child's age are monitored.
Ay (Interview.
June 17, 2.
Behavioral changes are also seen in the way parents raise their children after participating in parenting activities.
The Head of Kader KSH observed: AuParents are more open-minded about parenting styles.
It's like children are being monitored now.
Ay (Interview.
July 10, 2.
In addition, residents also feel a stronger social bond.
A resident stated: AuIf we have activities together, we can share experiences, especially about Sometimes it also makes us more enthusiastic about teaching our children at home.
Ay (Interview.
August 1, 2.
From a structural side, major impacts such as a decrease in violence against women and child marriage have not yet been clearly seen.
This condition is in line with Aryatie et al.
who emphasized that community-based programs usually have a soft impact first before producing a hard This is consistent with the condition in Babat Jerawat which is still in the early stages of Table 7 KRPPA Program Impact Condition in Impact Analysis the Field Health Parenting Social Increased .
amily posyandu is Better .
arenting SOTH, premarital Strengthened (PKK forums.
Direct effect of health activities Education forms new Increased social support among Structural Needs time & .
omestic Not yet visible long-term violence, child The findings of this research show that the effectiveness of the Women-Friendly and ChildCaring Urban Village (KRPPA) Program in Babat Jerawat is at a AusufficientAy level because even though the activities are running and are relevant to the KemenpA indicators, their implementation is still partial and not yet fully integrated.
This strengthens the statement in the introduction that gender mainstreaming (PUG) at the urban village level still faces a gap between regulation and implementation.
The scientific novelty of this research lies in the analysis of the seven dimensions of effectiveness that combine program effectiveness theory (Campbell & Gibso.
with KemenpA indicators, thus providing a comprehensive overview of the supporting and inhibiting factors of KRPPA This approach is different from previous studies which tended to focus on one aspect, such as women's participation (Indarto & Rahmawati, 2.
or the role of leadership (Darmaningrum & Ardiansyah, 2.
Thus, the results of this study not only answer the research objective of assessing the effectiveness of KRPPA in Babat Jerawat, but also provide a scientific contribution in the form of an analytical model that can be replicated in other urban villages.
Its practical implication is that program strengthening needs to be focused on sustainable socialization, cross-sector coordination, and evaluation based on citizen participation so that the program's impact can be more widespread and CONCLUSION This study concludes that the effectiveness of the Women-Friendly and Child-Caring Urban Village (KRPPA) Program in Babat Jerawat Urban Village can be categorized as sufficiently effective.
The program has provided a space for the participation of women and children through activities such as family posyandu, parenting classes, and pre-marital classes.
Nevertheless, its implementation is not yet fully optimal as there are still obstacles in terms of the sustainability of guidance from the city government, limited resources at the urban village level, and cross-sector coordination that has not been fully maximized.
These findings indicate that the effectiveness of program implementation, as theorized by Van Meter Pitaloka.
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and Van Horn, is influenced by the clarity of objectives, resources, communication among actors, and external support.
In the context of Babat Jerawat, some of these dimensions still face obstacles, especially in the aspects of cross-agency coordination and participatory monitoring.
Based on these findings, the Surabaya City Government and the DP3APPKB need to strengthen citizen-based evaluation mechanisms, increase the capacity of cadres through continuous training, and expand cross-sector synergy so that KRPPA not only functions as an administrative obligation but also has a real impact on the well-being of women and Further research is suggested to expand the study location to several other urban villages in Surabaya to capture variations in implementation and see the extent to which local regulations (Perda and Perwal.
can be internalized at the grassroots level.
Additionally, future research could combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to measure more concrete achievements, for example, by assessing the participation of adolescent girls, using digital evaluation instruments like SIGAS, or structural indicators such as the reduction of violence and the prevention of child marriage.
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