Tarjih: Agribusiness Development Journal.
Volume 5 Number 2 .
Page: 228-241 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
47030/tadj.
e-ISSN: 2798 - 0782 Tarjih: Agribusiness Development Journal Journal Homepage: https://jurnal-umsi.
id/index.
php/agribisnis Analysis of Public Perceptions Towards Layer Chicken Farm: Insight from Sumarambu Subdistrict.
Indonesia Andi Muhammad Alif Zalzabila.
Vidyahwati Tenrisanna*.
Muh Ridwan.
Kasmiyati Kasim Faculty of Animal Science.
Hasanuddin University.
Makassar.
Indonesia vidi_tenrisanna@yahoo.
Received : October 03, 2025 Revised : November 12, 2025 Published: November 24, 2025 Corresponding Author: Vidyahwati Tenrisanna.
Hasanuddin University.
Email: vidi_tenrisanna@yahoo.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated community perceptions towards the presence of a layer chicken farm in Sumarambu Subdistrict.
Telluwanua District.
Palopo City.
Indonesia.
A descriptive quantitative survey was conducted on 40 households within a 500-meter radius of the farm, categorized into three zones based on proximity.
Perceptions were measured across environmental, economic, and social aspects using a Likert scale.
The results showed that the community agreed the farm had negative environmental impacts, such as strong odour and poor waste management, with perceptions varying significantly by proximity.
From an economic perspective, residents noted advantages, including reduced egg prices and increased consumption.
Nonetheless, perceptions were consistent across different areas, suggesting that the farm acts as an economic enclave with minimal integration into the broader community.
From a social perspective, the community demonstrated differing opinions regarding the positive impacts on employment, social assistance, and compensation, with no significant spatial variations.
This highlights a lack of social responsibility initiatives.
The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed substantial differences in environmental perceptions among zones for odour and waste, but not for water pollution and cleanliness.
significant zonal differences were found for economic and social aspects.
This study emphasizes the importance of understanding and integrating community perceptions into sustainable livestock development to ensure alignment with local needs, values, and expectations.
Keywords: Environmental.
Economic.
Social.
Sustainable.
Livestock
INTRODUCTION
Poultry farming, particularly in the layer chicken farming sector, has experienced significant growth.
The production of laying chickens plays a vital role in supplying animal protein to the public and addressing various industrial needs, particularly in the food industry.
This is in line with Indonesia's population.
according to the 2020 population census, the recorded population was 270 million, nearly three times the count from the 1961 census (BPS Statistics Indonesia, 2.
The growing awareness among the Indonesian public about the critical role of animal protein has favourably impacted the expansion of businesses in the layer chicken farming sector.
In 2024, the population of layer chickens in Indonesia was 414,758,411 birds (BPS Statistics Indonesia, 2.
Layer chickens are integral to poultry production due to their dietary benefits, economic impact, and They are pivotal in efforts to improve sustainability and productivity through continued research and development in the poultry sector (He et al.
, 2021.
Khalifah et al.
, 2023.
Liu et al.
, 2019.
Nyoni et al.
, 2.
The Indonesian government strives to improve national food security by meeting animal protein needs in alignment with population growth and protein nutrition awareness (Santoso, 2.
Layer poultry farming is crucial to animal husbandry and emphasises efficiency, productivity, and sustainability.
Improving efficiency, particularly through technological advancements, such as cloud-based poultry farming information management systems, has significantly enhanced farm management by increasing flexibility, scalability, and service efficiency Agribusiness Study Program.
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47030/tadj.
(Zheng et al.
, 2.
Although intensive poultry farming is efficient, it significantly impacts the environment through greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants, such as ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane.
These contaminants can lead to air, soil, and water pollution, contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and cause serious ethical and environmental issues for both animal and human health (GriniN et al.
Perception is defined as the way humans think about something and is influenced by their individual experiences, knowledge, and emotions.
It can vary among individuals based on their viewpoints and In the context of layer chickens, community perceptions are often shaped by economic, social, and environmental considerations (Estrada-Gonzylez et al.
, 2020.
Rajkumar et al.
, 2.
These differences in perception are influenced by knowledge levels, exposure to poultry farming practices, and cultural community values (Cui & Liu, 2016.
Hedman et al.
, 2020.
Nyoni et al.
, 2.
Community perception is a pivotal factor in the sustainable advancement of livestock, shaping local endorsements, practice implementation, and policy development (Schneider & Tarawali, 2.
Community perception significantly impacts local support for sustainable practices.
Involving the community, particularly through effective communication in rural regions, increases support for sustainable programs and enhances participation (Feng et al.
, 2.
Community perceptions also guide policies that balance the environmental impacts of livestock development.
An example of how environmental concerns might drive precise management tactics is the use of GIS technology in sustainable manure management (Grieco et al.
, 2.
Layer chicken farming positively impacts socioeconomic conditions by increasing local income, improving access to protein-rich eggs, and alleviating nutritional deficiencies.
It also encourages community engagement in various business activities and promotes skill and knowledge development.
(Surni et al.
, 2.
The farming of layer chickens leads to significant environmental pollution, resulting in strong odours and skin irritation for nearby residents due to the contamination of water sources.
This practice contributes to ammonia emissions, negatively impacts air and soil quality, and causes acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems.
(Jiang et al.
, 2.
The selection of Sumarambu Subdistrict as a study location was based on the importance of the regional context: data from the South Sulawesi Provincial Statistics Agency (Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, 2.
Poultry population data in Palopo City show significant farm concentrations, indicating potential environmental impacts.
The BPS data on livestock numbers and poultry production enable comparisons with other South Sulawesi districts.
Understanding local perceptions of these issues informs environmental effects and helps develop waste management strategies for similar regions.
(Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Palopo, 2024.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan.
, 2.
Overall, understanding and incorporating community perceptions into sustainable livestock development initiatives can enhance their success by ensuring alignment with local needs, values, and expectations.
Palopo City in South Sulawesi Province has an emerging economic sector focused on agriculture and livestock, particularly chicken farming.
Despite its smaller population compared to other regions, it shows promise for layer chicken farming because of its fertile land, tropical climate, and abundant water resources.
The availability of local feed ingredients, such as corn and bran, can lower production costs.
Improved infrastructure further facilitates the distribution of Palopo eggs, especially in the Sumarambu Subdistrict, which has favourable agricultural land for expanding poultry operations.
The Sumarambu Subdistrict, located in the Telluwanua District of Palopo, covers 34.
34 kmA and includes seven sub-districts.
It is a hilly area with land used for residential, agricultural, and green space purposes.
A survey identified a chicken farm with 3,000-5,000 egg-laying chickens situated 60 m from nearby residences, impacting approximately 40 households due to strong odours.
This study investigates community perceptions of the farm, focusing on the environmental, economic, and social factors that shape local attitudes.
This study uniquely focuses on the Sumarambu Subdistrict of Palopo City, a non-coastal, hilly area that has not been previously explored in research.
It integrates economic, social, and environmental dimensions to comprehensively understand community perceptions and link them directly to sustainable livestock development Using evidence from a medium-scale layer chicken farm with approximately 40 households, this study examines micro-level social-environmental conflicts that are often overlooked in livestock research.
This study fills a gap in the Indonesian poultry literature by providing perspectives on how local community perceptions influence sustainable poultry development strategies for regional conditions.
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Volume 5 Number 2 .
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47030/tadj.
RESEARCH METHODS
Location and Time of the Study This study was conducted in the Sumarambu Subdistrict.
Telluwanua District.
Palopo City.
South Sulawesi Province.
Indonesia, from February 2025 to March 2025.
The selection of the study site was based on several critical considerations.
First, environmental concerns associated with layer chicken farms, such as odour and waste management, have the potential to impact community perceptions, rendering this an intriguing subject for academic research.
Furthermore, the farm's strategic location facilitated the collection of direct insights from nearby residents, thereby enhancing the robustness of the research.
Population and Sample A population is described as a broad area encompassing objects or subjects that possess specific qualities and characteristics identified by the researcher for the study, from which conclusions are derived.
A sample is a part of the population (Sugiyono, 2.
The population in this study is the number of households living in proximity within a 500-meter radius of a layer chicken farm, which is 40.
Based on this study, since the population is not greater than 100 respondents, the entire population was sampled, consisting of 40 household heads.
Including the entire population increases accuracy by considering all data points and reducing errors from excluding any group (Mujere, 2.
Although appropriate for a localised case study, this limitation reduces the generalisability of the findings to broader populations or different geographic settings.
The distribution of respondents is presented in Table 1.
Table 1.
Distribution of Respondents by Zone Distance Zone Distance Range Zone 1 Short range 0Ae100 m Zone 2 Medium range 101Ae250 m Zone 3 Far range 251Ae500 m Total Source: Processed Primary Data, 2025 Total Sample (Peopl.
The respondents were divided into three zones based on the distance of their residence from a poultry Zone 1 .
hort range, 0Ae100 .
had the highest number of respondents with 14 people .
% of the total Zone 2 .
edium range, 101Ae250 .
and Zone 3 .
ar range, 251Ae500 .
had 13 respondents .
Data Analysis Descriptive Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the respondentsAo characteristics and their perceptions for each The data analysis used in this study to determine the publicAos perception of the presence of layer chicken farms was a quantitative descriptive analysis using frequency distribution tables with measurements utilising a Likert scale.
The Likert scale is a key measurement instrument utilised in social science and educational research aimed at gauging attitudes, perceptions, values, and behavioural modifications by having respondents express their level of agreement or disagreement on a multi-point scale (Joshi et al.
, 2.
Responses were measured using a three-point Likert scale 3 = Strongly Agree 2 = Agre 1 = Disagree Frequencies and percentages of each response category were calculated for the three spatial zones (Z1.
Z2, and Z.
To provide a more quantitative and methodologically standard measure of perception, mean scores were also calculated using the formula:
ycAyceycaycu = .
ycuycIycycycuycuyciycoyc yayciycyceyc.
ycNycuycycayco ycIyceycycyycuycuyccyceycuycyc Agribusiness Study Program.
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The mean score approach is widely recognized in social and behavioral research as an appropriate method for quantifying respondentsAo attitudinal tendencies on Likert-type scales (Joshi et al.
, 2015.
Tanujaya et al.
, 2.
Mean values enable researchers to identify the relative intensity of perception in a statistically interpretable form, without assuming equal intervals between response categories.
The interpretation of mean scores in this study follows the standard range:
Mean Range Interpretation 00Ae1.
Negative perception (Disagre.
67Ae2.
Moderate perception (Agre.
34Ae3.
Positive perception (Strongly Agre.
A three-point Likert scale .
= Disagree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Strongly Agre.
was employed in this study to measure community perceptions.
Although five-point or seven-point scales are commonly used, the three-point format was chosen for simplicity and respondent clarity, particularly for populations with heterogeneous educational levels, to minimise ambiguity (Tanujaya et al.
, 2022.
Wu & Leung, 2.
Additionally, this approach minimizes respondent confusion and cognitive burden while maintaining satisfactory validity and reliability for attitude measurement Following this, the standard deviation (SD) is determined to evaluate the extent of variation or spread within the data set (Adeleke et al.
, 2.
Inferential Statistical Analysis The primary objective of this study was to examine whether perceptions of layer farming impacts differed significantly among the three spatial zones.
In this research, all perception variables were measured using an ordinal three-point Likert scale, and each zone consisted of a relatively small, independent sample .
Ae14 Consequently, the study adopted the KruskalAeWallis H-test, a non-parametric alternative to one-way ANOVA that does not require normality or equal variances (Macfarland & Yates, 2016.
Ostertagovy et al.
, 2.
The KruskalAeWallis test compared the median ranks of perception scores across the three independent zones to determine whether at least one group differed significantly.
The KruskalAeWallis test was used to evaluate the following hypotheses:
H0: There is no significant difference in perception among the three zones.
H1: At least one zone differs significantly in perception.
A significance level of = 0.
05 was used.
If p < 0.
05, the null hypothesis (HCA) was rejected, indicating significant differences in perception among the zones.
The variable indicators in this study were intended to measure the values of the studied variables.
The indicators of the research variables are presented in Table 2.
Table 2.
Variables and Indicators for Measuring Research Variables Variable Sub Variable Indicator Public Perception Environmental Aspect - Odour (Pollutio.
Environmental Aspect - Water Pollution Environmental Aspect - Waste Economic Aspect - Household Income Economic Aspect - Egg Prices Social Aspect - Community Cooperation Social Aspect Assistance Social Pollution caused by layer chickens that produces strong The presence of layer chicken farms causes water pollution .
oul Water pollution can affect human health caused by layer chicken farms Poultry Lack of cleanliness and ineffective waste management Increase in household income of surrounding communities Contributes to community welfare Affordable Increased egg consumption due to low prices Creates job opportunities for surrounding communities Promotes good interaction between farmers and the Provides social assistance to the community Provides compensation to the community Agribusiness Study Program.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Characteristics of Respondents RespondentsAo characteristics can influence their assessment of community perceptions.
The respondent characteristics considered in this study were age, sex, education, and occupation, as shown in Table 3.
Table 3.
Summary of RespondentsAo Characteristics Variable Category Gender Men Women Age (Year.
20Ae35 36Ae51 52Ae67 68Ae83 Education No Schooling Elementary School Junior High School Senior High School BachelorAos Degree Occupation Housewives Farmers Laborers Family Planning Instructor Total Source: Processed Primary Data, 2025 Number of People Percentage (%) The respondents in the Sumarambu Subdistrict in Table 3 consisted of 18 males .
%) and 22 females .
%), indicating a higher response rate among women.
This trend suggests that women are generally more responsive to surveys, potentially because of their greater sensitivity to perceiving emotional and social information (Boediarsih et al.
, 2.
The largest proportion of respondents fell within the 36Ae51 years age group .
%), whereas the smallest proportion was in the 68Ae83 years age group .
%).
This distribution shows that most respondents were in the productive age range, which allowed them to provide relevant and responsible answers to the survey questions.
According to Kenny.
Flouris.
Mcginn, & Groeller .
, age strongly influences labor productivity, as physical capacity tends to decline with older age.
Most respondents had a Senior High School education .
%), while the smallest group was those without schooling .
5%).
This indicates that the community has a relatively poor educational background, which can be linked to economic limitations and a lack of awareness of the importance of education.
Investment in education contributes to enhanced academic performance, which in turn feeds back into societal and economic welfare by developing knowledgeable and capable citizens (Hayat et al.
, 2.
The largest proportion of respondents were housewives .
%), followed by farmers .
%), labourers .
5%), and a small number of family planning instructors .
5%).
This finding suggests that many women in the area dedicate themselves to household responsibilities, which may also be influenced by economic conditions in the area.
Accordingly, in developing countries, women's employment is often vital for supplementing family income and improving living standards (Elneel & Almulhim, 2.
Public Perceptions of the Existence of Layer Chicken Farms In this study, the community's perception of the existence of chicken layer farms was analysed from three aspects: environmental, economic, and social.
Environmental Aspect Layer chicken farms significantly impact the environment through air, water, and soil pollution and affect nearby communities through odours and the potential spread of disease.
The communityAos perceptions of the environmental aspects of the Sumarambu sub-district are presented in Table 7.
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Table 4.
Respondents' Perception of Environmental Aspects Strongly Agree Agree .
Sub-Variable Indicator Zone , %) Odour (Smel.
Strong Odour Water Pollution Overall Foul-Smelling Water Overall Water Causes Disease Waste Disagree .
Mean Score Overall Overall Accumulated Waste Z1 Overall Lack of Cleanliness Z1 Overall Source: Processed Primary Data, 2025 As shown in Table 4, odour is the most strongly perceived environmental issue among the respondents.
Zone 1, all respondents .
100%) strongly agreed that poultry farms produced a strong odour, and the same pattern appeared in Zone 2 .
100% strongly agree.
Conversely, all respondents in Zone 3 disagreed about its presence, suggesting that the odour intensity decreased with distance from the source.
This is in line with the opinion of Asrul et al.
, who noted that farm odours are seen as unpleasant, affecting community tolerance based on wind direction and seasonal conditions, particularly during the rainy season.
The overall mean score for odour perception was 2.
54, categorized as a positive perception.
This indicates that respondents clearly recognized odour as a major environmental nuisance.
All 40 respondents reported no unpleasant odours in their water, rejecting any association with the nearby chicken farms.
None indicated a strong agreement that odours were present, suggesting that the community perception of normal water quality was influenced by their use of odourless tap and well water sources.
All respondents .
people, 100%) stated that water did not cause disease in zones 1, 2, or 3.
This shows that the community has no concerns about the health impacts of water and considers it safe for use in the long term.
This study aligns with the literature showing that public perception of water safety is often tied to sensory cues .
dour, taste, clarit.
rather than chemical or microbiological tests (Eck et al.
, 2.
Zone 1 faced severe livestock waste accumulation, with most respondents agreeing that it was problematic.
Zone 2 shows favourable views, with residents disagreeing with waste management issues.
Zone 3 has mixed opinions, although less severe than Zone 1, with some waste being resold as fertiliser.
Accordingly, public opinion tends to vary, as observed in the implementation of integrated agriculture-livestock systems that convert waste into fertiliser (Swastika et al.
, 2.
For the indicator Lack of Cleanliness, perception was also moderate.
Zone 1 respondents mainly agreed .
1%) or disagreed .
6%) with the statement, while Zone 2 and Zone 3 displayed similar Agribusiness Study Program.
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The overall mean score was 1.
This indicates that livestock business owners struggle with waste management, raising health concerns for both livestock and humans.
This is in line with the study by Farradinna et al.
, who found that farmer groups still use traditional and unsanitary waste management practices, although educational initiatives have improved awareness of the environmental and health risks associated with This highlights the low perception of cleanliness in areas that struggle with waste management issues.
The overall mean score of 2.
09 across environmental indicators signifies a moderate level of concern, reflecting awareness of environmental degradation without extreme polarization.
Analysis shows odour as the primary environmental concern, with higher intensity near poultry farms, while water pollution and waste perceptions remain moderate and uniform across areas.
Accordingly, water pollution from poultry farms is more spatially uniform than odour, largely due to nutrient runoff, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, which can disperse over larger areas through water bodies, causing problems such as eutrophication (GriniN et al.
, 2022.
Lundyn et al.
, 2.
The analysis of standard deviation (SD) values indicates that respondents generally shared similar perceptions of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of poultry farming.
Most SD values were low to moderate .
00Ae0.
, except for Strong Odour, which had the highest SD of 0.
76, reflecting varied views among residents near farms about environmental impacts.
Conversely, perceptions of Water Pollution and Cleanliness showed very low SD values .
00Ae0.
, indicating a consensus on living conditions and awareness among Understanding these variations can guide stakeholders in developing policies and strategies that address diverse community perceptions.
(Gan & Hu, 2.
The Kruskal-Wallis test results for environmental aspects are presented in Table 5.
Table 5.
Kruskal-Wallis Test Results on Environmental Aspects Sub-Variable Indicator Odour (Smel.
Water Pollution Water Pollution Waste Waste Source: Processed Primary Data, 2025 Strong Odour Foul-Smelling Water Water Causes Disease Accumulated Waste Lack of Cleanliness H (NA) p-value In Table 5, the Kruskal-Wallis test results show that perceptions of odour and accumulated waste differ significantly between zones (NA significant, p < 0.
Both are directly perceptible environmental nuisances, confirming that physical distance strongly influences how residents evaluate environmental quality.
Previous studies have shown that poultry farming activities have a significant impact on air quality and odour for the surrounding community (Donakpo et al.
, 2.
Meanwhile, for water pollution and lack of cleanliness waste indicators, no significant differences were found between zones .
> 0.
This shows that public perception of water pollution and lack of cleanliness waste is more homogeneous across zones, so for these indicators.
HCA is not Odour and waste perceptions vary significantly by proximity, highlighting the need for targeted mitigation near farm zones, including improved ventilation, odour control, and waste management strategies.
Meanwhile, consistent perceptions of water and cleanliness suggest opportunities for community education and participatory environmental monitoring to enhance awareness and reporting capacity.
Economic Aspects The existence of egg-laying chicken farms significantly influences the daily lives of the surrounding community, serving as a major source of income for farmers and contributing to the local economy through job creation and the availability of affordable egg products.
The community's perception of this economic aspect is detailed in Table 9 for the Sumarambu Subdistrict.
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Table 6.
Respondents' Perception of Economic Aspects Sub-Variable Indicator Zone Strongly Agree .
, %) Agree .
Disagree .
Mean Score Family Income Overall Increased Income Overall Community Welfare Egg Price Overall Cheap Egg Price Overall Increased Egg Consumption Overall Source: Processed Primary Data, 2025 Based on the survey in Table 6, 40 respondents disagreed that layer farming increased income in the three Zones 1 and 2 reported no increase in family income, and Zone 3 noted a lack of economic benefits.
The farms did not create direct employment or related opportunities, resulting in minimal income impact on local communities that were not involved in farm operations.
A study in Lamongan indicates that poor business management results in significant income risks and frequently insufficient profits, with the local community experiencing only minimal spillover benefits (Suwarta & Hanafie, 2.
Community welfare indicators indicate that 85% of respondents in zones 1-3 believe there have been no welfare improvements.
Zone 1 reported no changes due to limited economic benefits from livestock farming.
Zone 2 had similar views, and Zone 3 showed slightly more positive perceptions of indirect benefits.
Overall, the community feels unprosperous from livestock enterprises, primarily due to a lack of employment opportunities in these sectors.
These findings are in line with previous studies that highlighted how livestock-related programs or enterprises have a minimal impact on households not directly engaged in the sector (Fyka et al.
, 2020.
Hermaliza et al.
, 2.
In total, 45% of respondents .
out of .
believed that egg prices were low, particularly in Zones 1Ae3.
Zone 1 emphasised the economic benefits for households from lower prices.
Zone 2 highlighted lower prices as a key advantage of local farms, and Zone 3 showed the highest acceptance, perceiving eggs as significantly cheaper than market rates.
These findings align with previous research, indicating that local poultry production decreases household expenses on eggs and enhances accessibility for communities (Suwarta & Hanafie, 2.
In a survey of 40 respondents from three zones, 50% reported an increase in egg consumption due to the expansion of poultry farming in the area.
Zone 1 showed some agreement with increased household consumption, while Zone 2 had higher positive perceptions, predominantly indicating a strong agreement.
Zone 3 reported the highest increase, reflecting better access and affordability of the eggs.
According to Scudiero et al.
, regions with easy access to eggs through local poultry farming usually have higher egg consumption, which may lead to lower prices owing to reduced transport costs.
The economic aspect shows negative perceptions .
ean score = 1.
with low variability across zones (SD = 0.
00Ae0.
, indicating similar views on poultry farming's economic effects.
Increased Income and Community Welfare indicators showed low mean scores (OO1.
, suggesting uniform disagreement about improved household welfare.
Cheap Egg Prices and Increased Egg Consumption had higher means (OO2.
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reflecting consumer benefits rather than direct economic gain.
Thus, the poultry industry contributes more to consumer affordability than community income generation across zones.
Accordingly, the economic integration of such operations is crucial.
without it, the potential economic benefits can become isolated from the broader community development (Bassignana et al.
, 2.
The Kruskal-Wallis test results for economic aspects are presented in Table 7.
Table 7.
Kruskal-Wallis Test Results on Economic Aspects Sub-Variable Indicator Family Income
Increased Income
Family Income
Community Welfare Egg Price
Cheap Egg Price
Egg Price
Increased Egg Consumption Source: Processed Primary Data, 2025
H (NA)
p-value In Table 7, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test across all indicators, no statistically significant differences .
> 0.
were observed in economic perceptions between zones.
This indicates that economic perceptions are spatially homogeneous, suggesting that layer farming does not create place-based economic disparities but also fails to deliver localized benefits (Thamaga-Chitja et al.
, 2.
The poultry sector in Sumarambu Subdistrict functions as an enclave industry, providing egg supply and market stability but limited community benefits.
Local authorities should promote inclusive mechanisms like procurement and training to generate sustainable community Social Aspect The social aspect of the layer chicken farms in the Sumarambu Subdistrict pertains to community interactions, relationships, and dynamics that affect the social lives of individuals and groups.
For detailed observations, see Table 8.
Table 8.
Respondents' Perception of Social Aspects Sub-Variable Indicator Zone Strongly Agree .
, %) Agree .
, %) Disagree .
, %) Mean Score Community Cooperation Job Opportunities 0 .
%) 0 .
%) 14 .
%) 0 .
%) 0 .
%) 0 .
%) 10 .
Overall Good Interaction Social Assistance Overall Social Aid Overall Compensation Overall Overall Source: Processed Primary Data, 2025 Agribusiness Study Program.
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As shown in Table 8, all 40 respondents across Zones 1-3 disagreed that poultry activities create local jobs.
This reveals a structural separation between poultry production and the local labour market, indicating a disconnection between agribusinesses and community economic systems.
This suggests the absence of inclusive business models that integrate local participation.
According to Efendi et al.
, mismatched skill structures and poor institutional linkages between local human resources and industry needs cause these inefficiencies.
This reveals a systemic governance gap in the community integration of rural poultry enterprises, potentially fuelling perceptions of inequality and reducing social acceptance of livestock operations.
A total of 80% of respondents strongly agreed that community interactions remained positive and that poultry farms had not disrupted social relationships.
Rather than interpreting this solely as harmony, it reflects a form of social resilience, with communities sustaining cohesion despite external industrial pressures.
This finding supports Pyrez-Lombardini et al.
, who demonstrated that in small-scale livestock systems, social organisation and cultural values act as buffers against conflicts and facilitate coexistence.
All respondents disagreed with receiving social assistance from poultry business owners.
This indicates a failure of vertical social linkages and the absence of corporate-community engagement and CSR initiatives in the The lack of assistance reflects the communication gaps between businesses and communities.
As EmekaOkoli et al.
emphasised, effective stakeholder engagement requires dialogue and mutual trust to be Without these elements, businesses risk being perceived as detached, reducing their social benefits, and eroding their legitimacy among the residents.
Everyone disagreed with the statements about poultry farm money, feeling excluded from the benefit Communities face problems without compensation, resulting in an unfair distribution of industry costs and benefits.
Evidence from Sutanto et al.
in the Sidrap Regency shows that fair compensation enhances labour participation in the poultry industry.
In Sumarambu Subdistrict, these findings emphasize the need for transparent compensation schemes to improve social equity and efficiency.
The overall average score .
ean = 1.
indicates that the community's perception of social aspects is negative, while the SD .
00Ae0.
shows a low variability among respondents.
Almost all community members do not experience direct social benefits such as job opportunities, social assistance, or compensation .
ean = 1.
SD = 0.
In contrast, only the Good Interaction indicator showed a positive perception .
ean = 2.
SD =
, indicating that social relations in the community remain harmonious even without direct support from livestock businesses.
Furthermore.
Job Opportunities.
Social Aid, and Compensation all scored 1.
00, indicating that residents perceived no tangible social or economic benefits from poultry enterprises.
This underscores the importance of integrating CSR within rural cooperatives to enhance sustainability-oriented activities among (Rostami & Salehi, 2.
Communities coexist peacefully with poultry farms but feel socially and economically excluded from them.
Poultry businesses should create social responsibility programs, hire local employees, and engage with communities.
Table 9 presents the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test on social aspects.
Table 9.
Kruskal-Wallis Test Results on Social Aspects No Sub-Variable Indicator Community Cooperation Community Cooperation Social Assistance Social Assistance Source: Processed Primary Data, 2025 Job Opportunities Good Interaction Social Aid Compensation H (NA) p-value In Table 9, the KruskalAeWallis results for social aspects show no statistically significant differences .
> 0.
across all indicators, suggesting that spatial proximity does not influence the social perceptions of poultry farms.
Instead, the data highlight a broader structural issue: poultry operations in the Sumarambu Subdistrict function with minimal social integration and without organised corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives.
CSR is critical for companies to implement sustainable development and address societal The absence of a structured CSR program reflects missed opportunities for business-community engagement (Ardiansyah & Alnoor, 2.
Agribusiness Study Program.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Sinjai This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 Internasional License Tarjih: Agribusiness Development Journal.
Volume 5 Number 2 .
Page: 228-241 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
47030/tadj.
CONCLUSION
This study examined community perceptions of a layer chicken farm in Sumarambu Subdistrict.
Palopo City.
Indonesia, through environmental, economic, and social lenses across three spatial zones.
Findings indicate that residents perceive significant negative environmental impacts, particularly odour and waste accumulation, with perceptions varying by proximity to the farm.
Economically, the community recognized benefits such as affordable egg prices and increased consumption, but these perceptions were consistent across zones, reflecting limited direct economic integration or income improvements for residents.
Socially, the community reported no tangible benefits in employment, social assistance, or compensation, despite maintaining positive social interactions, highlighting a lack of corporate social responsibility initiatives.
Statistical analysis confirmed significant zonal differences in environmental perceptions but not in economic or social aspects.
These results underscore the need to incorporate community perceptions into sustainable livestock development to align farm operations with local needs and expectations.
Recommendations include enhancing environmental management practices, implementing participatory governance, and fostering CSR programs to improve social and economic Future research should broaden geographic scope and employ mixed methods to deepen understanding of community-industry dynamics and waste management strategies in poultry farming contexts.
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