PROGRES PENDIDIKAN
Vol.
No.
September 2024, pp.
p-ISSN: 2721-3374, e-ISSN: 2721-9348.
DOI: 10.
29303/prospek.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROID-BASED METAVERSE
MEDIA TO IMPROVE NUMERATION LITERACY OF
CLASS V STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Salma Rosyida Anwar1 .
Wahyu Nugroho2 .
Diyanti Jati Pratiwi3 1,2,3 Primary School Teacher Education.
STKIP PGRI Trenggalek.
Indonesia Article Information ABSTRACT Article History:
The research is motivated by the problem of mathematics learning in class V of elementary schools.
It is known that students have difficulty collecting data in story form, so students' numeracy literacy is considered low.
Research to determine mathematics learning problems related to numeracy literacy in grade V elementary schools.
The research uses the Research and Development (RnD) method and the Lee and Owens model.
The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, media validation, materials, language, practitioners, student and teacher responses, numeracy literacy questionnaires, and test questions.
The effectiveness test (N-Gai.
obtained a mean of 65.
4 %.
So, the media is considered effective in use, so it is concluded that Android-based metaverse media can increase the numeracy literacy of fifth grade elementary school Accepted: 21-07-2023 Revised: 11-08-2024 Published: 30-09-2024 Key words:
Metaverse Android based Numeracy Literacy This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Wahyu Nugroho.
Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program.
STKIP PGRI Trenggalek.
Jl.
Supriadi.
Ngempleng.
Ngares.
Trenggalek.
Indonesia.
Email: nugrohowahyu.
wn93@gmail.
INTRODUCTION
The 2013 curriculum is one of many curricula used and implemented in Indonesia.
Implementation curriculum 2013 No regardless from use ICT .
echnology information and communicatio.
In line with the regulations in Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No.
22 of 2016 about Standard Competence Graduate of as well as Standard Contents in utilization information and communication technology to increase efficiency and effectiveness learning.
With so in chapter the known that the use of ICT in learning can be put to good use capable increase efficiency and effectiveness learning in school.
BesidesTherefore, the use of ICT has a big role in learning media use provide variety meaningful learning as well as fun.
Utilization of ICT in the 21st century known as the technological age It's nothing new for teachers, everyone is required to be technologically literate and updated to information.
Understand and study information only possible to do with ability literacy.
Literacy is ability language, speak, read and write, as well as ability think (Padmadewi & Artini, 2.
Literacy related with the ability to read and write.
To achieve literacy skills.
The initial foundation is the ability to read, understand, study, analyze, conceptualize return so that capable think in a way critical (Irianto & Febrianti, 2.
According to GLS .
, literacy Not only knowledge And proficiency read write.
But Also includes numeracy, science, digital, finance, as well as culture and citizenship ends on behavior in everyday life.
Journal homepage : http://prospek.
id/index.
php/PROSPEK A p-ISSN: 2721-3374, e-ISSN: 2721-9348 Literacy numeracy is Wrong One type of literacy Which No lost importance from literacy read.
Literacy numeracy is knowledge And the ability to use a variety of numbers and symbols associated with basic mathematics to solve practical problems in everyday life days ago analyzing information displayed in various forms as well interpret results analysis For predict And take decision (Mahmud & Pratiwi, 2.
Literacy numeracy in Indonesia Still is at in level low, in accordance with the results of PISA research data.
The results of the PISA research show that level literacy Indonesia Still low.
Study year 2019 show that Indonesia's reading ability score is ranked 72nd out of 77 countries, then mark ability mathematics There is in ranking 72 from 78 country, and mark science ability is ranked 70th out of 78 countries.
From the results of these data, one solution is that students are required to have skills literacy base for form student capable face challenge in Then day, remember that literacy in Indonesia Still low, so it is hoped that teachers can increase student literacy rates both through the media learning concrete or media digital.
Literacy and numeracy skills are useful for improving quality a nation on era of technological development moment This.
In line with the opinion of (Shofiya Launin et al.
, 2.
That technology/science and technology is influenced by humans and adapts to developments over time.
Results of observations and interviews with class V teachers at SDN 1 Wonorejo and SDN 2 Sukorejo, the results showed that one of the basic competencies (KD) The 2013 curriculum that students in class V must master is data collection.
It is known that students have difficulty collecting this material data especially in the form of stories, so that numeracy literacy in this class on eye lesson mathematics assessed The low literacy numeracy due to several reasons, including teachers not utilizing the media maximum learning on data collection material, learning activities on material the only use book as support for support learning so that activities are felt to be less efficient and effective learning Still nature centered on Teacher or teachers centered.
The main problem that causes students to still not be able to solve it learning Which based literacy numeracy is Teacher Which Not yet get used to student with questions based on numeracy literacy.
Wrong One method increases literacy numeracy that is with media learning metaverse based Media metaverse is a set room virtual, place user makes and explore world with other internet Users don't need to be in the room the same physical as other people (Themistocleus et al.
, 2.
Metaverse comes from the words meta which means virtual and verse which means universe or world.
Technology metaverse means use metaverse on android Which supported by technology Where there are avatars, avatars are naming condition from activity Which shown by appearance picture 3 dimensions in a way virtual.
Users will interact as if they were real with everything, they find in the world virtual.
Metaverse is digital-based media.
Metaverse advantages as media learning digital according to (Husnussaadah, 2.
is shorten time process Study teach so that more efficient, makes interaction between teachers and students easier, students can access the material learning every moment.
Teacher can displays variation media Which will used, student always obtain information latest For supportlearning, activity Study can accessible without limit place And time, creation communicate easily and routine.
A form of learning optimization can be seen if learning activities tend to be student-centered which is supported by factual experiences experienced by students (DY Putri et al.
, 2.
Technological literacy encourages more active, innovative and interactive learning (Alim et al.
, 2.
There are several problems, including: Not yet exists media learning metaverse based android Which able to improve numeracy literacy in class V and Lower literacy skills numeracy student in the classroom V.
So, the research problem can be formulated: How? validity, practicality, attractiveness and effectiveness of Android-based metaverse learning media For increase literacy student numeracy class V Elementary school.
Research purposes, to obtain validity data, data practicality, data attractiveness and data on the effectiveness of Android-based metaverse learning media for increase literacy student numeracy in class V Elementary school.
Previous research that is relevant to this research is research Which done by (Rusdiansyah & Leonard, 2.
with title "Development Media Learning Motion Graphics Mathematics Based Android in Class V Elementary School Students Semester 1Ay.
The results of this research are media developed is suitable and meets the requirements for use as media Android-based Motion Graphic mathematics learning for class V students 1st semester of elementary school.
Second, (Female FS, 2.
with title "Development Media Learning Application Multimedia In order to improve students' online learning literacy and numeracy.
Results research This that is increasing literacy and numeracy student, make learning felt pleasant than learning usually.
Third, (Setiawan, 2.
with title "Analysis of Metaverse Potential in the World of Education in Indonesia".
The results of this research are: Metaverse believed capable overcome limitations Which There is in world education, such as: restrictions on class capacity due to the pandemic, distance restrictions and time to attend class, etc.
The concept of cyberspace makes learning online is more interactive without compromising the student's learning experience at any time, in were just.
The difference between this PROGRES PENDIDIKAN.
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PROGRES PENDIDIKAN
p-ISSN: 2721-3374, e-ISSN: 2721-9348 research and previous research is study This researcher will plan, develop and apply media learning metaverse based android form question literacy numeracy accompanied picture virtual on material collection Implementation media This conducted on fifth grade elementary school students in 2022/2023.
Whereas previous research was conducted from 2021 to 2022.
Eq This research and previous research were both carried out on student class V, increase literacy numeration uses multimedia.
Based on problem the researcher interested in do research with the title "Development of Metaverse- Based Learning Media Android for Increase Literacy Numeracy Student Class V in School Base".
RESEARCH METHODS
The type of research used is research and development (Research and Developmen.
This research uses the Lee & Owens development model which has 5 main stages.
Steps Lee & Owens development, namely, .
assessment/analysis .
ssessment/analysi.
which includes a needs assessment and initial and final analysis .
ront-end analysi.
, .
design, .
development, .
, and .
Study This implemented in SDN 1 Wonorejo and SDN 2 Sukorejo District Gandusari Regency Trenggalek for 1 month, from May 15, 2023, to June 15, 2023.
So, sample Which used that is There are 12 class V students at SDN 1 Wonorejo student, whereas in SDN 2 Sukorejo amount 16 With total overall student sample class V school year 2022/2023 is 28 students.
The data analysis technique at this research stage uses techniques quantitative data analysis and qualitative data analysis techniques.
At this quantitative stage it is used to test the effectiveness or suitability of the media learning that has been developed and testing the suitability of learning with data collection material for mathematics subjects.
There is a questionnaire expert validation using a Likert scale consisting of 4 scores.
According to Sugiyono .
scale likert used in develop instrument to measure the attitudes, perceptions, opinions of a person or group person regarding a potential or problem object, product design, process manufacture product or product Which made.
The qualitative data analysis stage used is descriptive data analysis Qualitative aims to process information data from questionnaire results in the form of criticism and suggestions by experts, teachers, and students.
This technique is used to find out information and grouping information from data qualitative Which form feedback, criticism, suggestions for improvement, and revision of metaverse learning media based android.
Population is a combination of all elements that form events, things, or person Which own characteristics similar Which become center attention researcher.
In this research, researchers can interpret that, the population is amount from overall student Which made as object research by researchers.
Sugiyono's opinion .
, explains that population is region generalization Which consists of object/subject Which have certain qualities and characteristics determined by researchers for studied so that conclusions can be drawn.
This study used a population of 380 students in class V Semester 2 of the 2022/2023 academic year in Gandusari District.
Sample is part of population size which has been set which has certain characteristics and qualities to be researched.
According to the opinion of Sugiyono .
, explain that sample is part from amount and characteristics yng owned by population the.
Researcher in do Sampling must be careful to obtain working sample results for his research.
Technique sampling Which used by researcher in determine sampling that is is technique purposive sampling.
According to Sugiyono's opinion .
, explains that purposive sampling is sampling using certain appropriate considerations with the criteria desired by the researcher to obtain a sufficient sample size researched.
So, sample Which used that is part student class V in SDN1 Wonorejo and SDN 2 Sukorejo from the two elementary schools were used as samples in research.
It is known that the sample size of class V students at SDN 1 Wonorejo is 12 student, whereas in SDN 2 Sukorejo amount 16 student.
With total overall student sample class V school year 2022/2023 is 28 students.
Researchers used interview instruments and observations to directly observe the process of learning activities related to school and student conditions before using Android-based metaverse learning media.
Researchers also chose to use questionnaires as a pretest and posttest in data collection instruments with closed and direct questionnaire types and used a Likert scale .
raded scal.
to measure the increase in students' numeracy literacy given before and after a treatment was given.
Researchers also use documentation to prove the truth of the learning process that has been carried out.
Before being used, the researcher had tested the validity and reliability of this research instrument in data processing using the SPSS version 25.
program with the aim of finding out whether each question item was valid to use and whether the test used through the questionnaire was reliable.
Next, a data normality test and a data homogeneity test were carried out with the help of SPSS version 25 to be able to answer the formulation and hypothesis of this research.
Hypothesis testing uses the Independent Sample t-test, the aim is to find out the difference with the provisions if the sig level.
- taile.
pretest and posttest of 0.
So, it can be concluded that H 0 is rejected, which means it exists differences in numeracy literacy abilities before and after media use learning Androidbased metaverse.
Effectiveness test to determine the effectiveness of the application of the media developed Anwar, et al.
Development of Android-based .
p-ISSN: 2721-3374, e-ISSN: 2721-9348 to be effectively used to improve literacy skills student numeracy.
The N-gain test was carried out using SPSS 25.
0 software.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data analysis was carried out after all data was collected.
Before the instrument was given to the research sample, a validity test was carried out with a correlation formula using SPSS 25.
Then the reliability test with the Alpha Cronbach formula is used to determine the level of confidence in the The following table summarizes instrument tests which include validity tests and reliability tests:
Table 1.
Test Validity Pretest No.
Questionr tabler countinformation 518 VALID
431 VALID
766 VALID
789 VALID
682 VALID
Table 2 Test Validity Posttest No.
Question r count
r table VALID
VALID
VALID
VALID
VALID
Based on table 1 above, it is known that from the pretest carried out For all student respondents, it is known that the dominant table r is greater than the calculated r , which shows that the results of this study are valid.
Based on table 2 above, it is known that from the posttest carried out of all student respondents it is known that rtable is greater than rcount, which shows the results This research is all valid.
From the two tables above can concluded that after exists use media learning metaverse based android proven increase ability literacy student numeracy.
Criteria testing if r count < r table so tool measuring the stated valid.
And on the contrary if r count > r table , then tool the measure is not valid.
Test data analysis prerequisites to test hypotheses through normality and homogeneity tests.
The normality test is carried out using Kolmogorof Smirnov using the SPSS 25.
0 program with level significance If mark significance results mark measurement ability literacy numeracy student > 0.
05 so results mark ability measurement literacy numeracy student distributed normal.
Table 3 Results Test Normality Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistics df Sig.
Statistics df Sig.
results pretest
,124 28 ,200 *
,963 28 ,402
,119 28 ,200 *
,946 28 ,153
Based on the results of the normality test using Kolmogorof Smirnov show that data distribute normal which is indicated by the significance value on the pretest 0.
402 and significance value posttest 0.
153 result of measuring numeracy literacy skills students > 0.
05 then the results of measuring students' numeracy literacy abilities distributed normal.
The homogeneity test is used to determine the existence of data from two or more groups are homogeneous .
or heterogeneous .
ot the sam.
Test homogeneity This done with use One-way ANOVA calculated using help program SPSS with level significance 0.
From the results that will be obtained if the significance value shows > 0.
05 so variant data homogeneous.
Table 4.
Results Test Homogeneity Test of Homogeneity of Variance Levene Statistics df1 df2 Sig.
Based on Mean
3,863 1
54 ,055
Based on Median 2,851 1
54 ,097
Based on Median and with 2,851 1 51,709 ,097 adjusted df PROGRES PENDIDIKAN.
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p-ISSN: 2721-3374, e-ISSN: 2721-9348
Based on trimmed mean
3,737 1
,058
Based on the results of data measuring literacy abilities The numeration of the pretest results has a significance value of 0.
055 > 0.
05 means data ability literacy numeracy student distribute normal.
Mark The posttest significance was 0.
097 (> 0.
, which means the variance of ability literacy Student numeracy is homogeneously distributed.
Table 5 Results Test Hypothesis Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality ofVariances t-test for Equality of Means Sig.
- Mean Std.
Error F Sig.
df taile.
Difference Difference resultsEqual variances3,863 ,055 54 ,000 -15,250 1,402 10,877 Equal variances - 50,245 ,000 -15,250 1,402 note assumed 10,877 Hypothesis testing in this research uses a paired sample t-test to find out whether there is difference average two sample Which not paired.
Test paired samples t-test use help SPSS 25.
Based on mark sig.
-taile.
pretest and posttest of 0.
So, it can be concluded that H 0 is rejected, which means it exists differences in numeracy literacy abilities before and after media use learning Android-based metaverse.
Table 6 Test Effectiveness N-gain Cases Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent NGain_percent28 100.
0% 0 0.
0% 28 100.
Descriptives Statistics Std.
Error NGain_percentMean 95% Confidence Intervals forMeanLower Bound 58.
Upper Bound 71.
5% Trimmed Mean Median Variance 285,583 Std.
Deviation Minimum Maximum Range Interquartile Range Skewness -,125 ,441 Kurtosis -,650 ,858 The effectiveness test is used to determine the effectiveness of the application of the media that has been developed to be effectively used to improve literacy skills student numeracy.
The N-gain test was carried out using SPSS 25.
0 software.
Based on the results of the N-Gain test in media use to improve students' numeracy literacy skills, show the mean value or average as big as 65.
4% Which including in category effective can It was concluded that the use of Android-based metaverse learning media effective to improve abilities student numeracy literacy.
Expert or practitioner assessment/validation results from product development before being applied to the research field moreover formerly do testing media to expert media, linguists, and material experts.
When Anwar, et al.
Development of Android-based .
p-ISSN: 2721-3374, e-ISSN: 2721-9348 there are deficiencies, the media is revised and then tested again by experts until there are no further revisions or can be assessed valid for use in the field.
Table 7.
Results Evaluation Questionnaire Media Expert No.
Indicator Statement Numeracy literacy questions on Android-based metaverse learning media clear And easy understood Media Android-based metaverse serve Numeracy literacy questions Presentation Language Which used easy understood Android-based metaverse media train students to get used to solving numeracy literacy questions Images and animations used interesting Attractiveness Images and animations used to provide encouragement to students Media Combination color media interesting Media is easy and safe to use Media can be used as repeated practice Media can be accessed at any time as long as it is connected to the Media is easily stored in the form of data on an Android cellphone Instructions for using the media are clear and easy to understand The image corresponds to the numeracy literacy question Size and The font size and animation are appropriate and clear Tata the location of the images/animations and writing attracts students' Appearance on media easy android based metaverse understood Appearance Design interesting media OcR Mark Validator Validation expert media aim for validate about fill material, accuracy of the material, and up-to-date material regarding numeracy literacy questions found in the media.
Based on results evaluation expert media shows the percentage 91.
Based on these criteria media metaverse learning that has been developed is included in the qualification "very valid", so that Android-based metaverse learning media is feasible used.
Table 8.
Results Validation Expert Language Indicator 1Accuracy Language 2 Communicative Statement Accuracy election say Accuracy structure sentence Meaning sentence clear Language Which used in accordance with Spelling Which Perfected (EYD) Language Which used in accordance with level understanding Language Which used not pregnantsentence/word rough Language is easy to understand and clear Sentences usedcontaining information or message that want to Sentences usedsimple And appropriate target Instruction use mediaclear and easy understood OcR PROGRES PENDIDIKAN.
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So that it can be applied by students And Teacher school environment, and students can easily access metaverse media content on data collection materials.
Based on the results of the language expert's assessment in the form of media metaverse on material collection data show presentation 92.
Apart from filling out questionnaires, linguists also provide suggestions, comments, and notes on the metaverse media being developed.
Suggestions and commentsfrom expert Language shown on Table following.
Table 9.
Suggestion And Comment Expert Language No.
Type Media Suggestion And Comment 1 Metaverse media based android Sentence simple.
No too long Based on suggestion and comment expert Language, sentence simple, not too long.
Data analysis to find out the percentage that appear according to predetermined criteria, are displayed that criteria validity media metaverse results of linguist tests that have been analyzed show the percentage 92.
Based on criteria the media metaverse Which Already developed enter to in qualification "very valid".
However media metaverse is necessary revised in accordance with suggestion and comments by experts language for media metaverse worthy used.
Table 10.
Results Evaluation Expert Material Indicator Contents of the Statement Material accuracy c.
Material feasibility Suitability of the media to the material The content of the material is in accordance with the 2013 The material is in accordance with KI.
KD, and learning The material is adapted to the real environment The breadth of material used Suitability of the examples used Accuracy of images and illustrations Material covers the issue numeracy literacy The material used in accordance with the curriculum Which The material is in accordance with science and technology OcR Mark Validator Validation expert material aim for know coverage fill material, contextual, accuracy of material and presentation of material.
So, it can be implemented by students and teachers in the school environment, and students easily learn fill material on media learning metaverse based android on material collection data.
Based on results evaluation expert material Which form media metaverse learning in data collection material shows the percentage 95%.
Besides fill in sheet questionnaire, expert material Also give suggestion, comments, and notes on the metaverse media being developed.
Suggestions and notes from expert material shown as following.
Table 11.
Suggestion And Expert Comments Material No.
Type Media Suggestion And Comment 1 Media Learning metaverse Time allocation fixed, provide objective learning in syllabus, create 3 based android indicator And use saystudent customized.
Based on suggestions and comments from material experts, one of them use say student customized in media metaverse.
Criteria validity media metaverse material expert test results that have been analyzed show the percentage 95%.
Based on these criteria, metaverse media has been developed enter to in qualification "very valid".
However media metaverse need revised in accordance with suggestion and comment by expert material so that media metaverse worthy used.
Anwar, et al.
Development of Android-based .
p-ISSN: 2721-3374, e-ISSN: 2721-9348 Table 12.
Results Evaluation Practitioner Instrument Number Statement Validator Value Conformity of questions with KI and KD Question easy to understand The questions presented are appropriate to the student's ability level That question served in accordance numeracy literacy Appearance Interesting Android -based metaverse learning media Accurate selection of letters, sizes and colors The images/ animations used are appropriate Android-based metaverse learning media is able to facilitate students to build their knowledge and understanding Effective and efficient in its use Media is easy to operate Students are more active in learning Students easily understand the material Existence Android-based metaverse learning media can can improve students' numeracy literacy Makes it easier for teachers to learn OcR Validation practitioners aim For know convenience media.
Based on results evaluation practitioner from development the media shows a percentage of 89%.
It was concluded that the teaching media that was developed enter in criteria very practical.
Based on assessments from experts, a recapitulation of expert assessments is presented as follows.
Table 13.
Results Recapitulation Validator No.
ValidatorPercentage Information Expert Media 91.
Very Valid Expert Material 95% Very Valid 3 Expert Language Very Valid 4 Expert Practitioner 89% Very Practical Average Very Valid Expert test recapitulation shows an average percentage of 92%.
Based on the average percentage is the Android-based metaverse learning media Already developed into in category AuVery ValidAy.
So, these results show that there is an influence from using Android-based metaverse learning media to increase the numeracy literacy of class V students in elementary schools and the media is considered effective in increasing the numeracy literacy of class V students in elementary schools.
This research is relevant to previous research.
Researchers discuss the validity, practicality, attractiveness and effectiveness of Android-based metaverse learning media to improve the numeracy literacy of class V students in elementary schools, especially SDN 1 Wonorejo and SDN 2 Sukorejo.
CONCLUSION
Based on results study and development media learning metaverse based android Which has done researcher, can withdrawn Conclusions from the results of media expert validation of Android-based metaverse learning media, the validator provides very valid criteria for Android-based metaverse learning media based on numeracy literacy in data collection material in fifth grade mathematics subjects in elementary schools.
Based on the average practicality value obtained from students' responses to the media, the media was rated as practical with a percentage of 89%.
The criteria for media to be considered interesting are assessed from the content of the media and the quality of the media that supports learning.
Then the results of the teacher's responses agreed that practical media was used.
Thus, it can be concluded that the development of learning media using the Android-based metaverse is practically used as learning media by students and teachers.
From the results of media validation, teacher responses and student responses to Android-based metaverse learning media, media experts strongly agree that the media is very interesting.
Supported by assessments from teacher responses and student responses that the media is considered interesting to use in learning.
Media learning effectively used For increase ability literacy numeracy student PROGRES PENDIDIKAN.
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p-ISSN: 2721-3374, e-ISSN: 2721-9348 with seen from mark test ability literacy increasing student numeracy.
Based on the results of different tests carried out, there are differences before and after the use of learning media metaverse Android based.
Android-based metaverse learning media as an interesting, practical and effective learning media for users schools as a tool to support learning media digital Good android or computer use makes it easier students in REFERENCES