International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
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php/injuchum Kakugen of Kansai Dialect in Hikaru Ga Shinda Natsu Manga Marrisha Bintang Reviani*.
Mohammad Ali Universitas Komputer Indonesia.
Indonesia Corresponding Email: *marrisha.
63821004@mahasiwa.
Abstract.
Dialect is one of the language varieties that closely relates to where the language users come from.
This research aims to describe the Kakugen modality used in dialect Kansai with the object of manga.
The method in this research is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach.
The data in this study were collected using the observation and note-taking technique.
Object of this research is a manga called Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu with the first volume of its series.
The results showed that the most use of Kakugen modality forms was to express conformation with na as the most used form in this manga and followed by the yan in second place, for the least is the form gana, yanai andhen.
With the results of this research, its expected more people understand Kansai dialect in term of linguistic and improve.
Keywords: Modality.
Manga.
Dialect.
Kansai.
Kakugen Introduction There has never been any research on the modality used dialect Kansai in manga.
However, there are some research that explain on modality used in normal Japanese words nor in another language such as English (Narrog, 2.
Japanese Modality in Sentences Patterned to omou with the results showing that the analysis process that has been carried out in the study (Elo & Kyngys, 2.
, can be a reference in how modality and shuujoshi have an active role in forming sentence structures.
Another research that examines the modality is Japanese Modality in Watashi no Nichiyoubi, with the results showing that the use of modality in Japanese depends on the verb and structure (Narrog, 2.
Use and Function of Japanese Conditional Sentences AutoAy .
Au taraAy.
Au rebaAy and AunaraAy Based on Modality and Information Territory Theory by Artadi .
The results shows that this conditional sentence expresses the speaker's desires and exists only in their perspective.
It conveys wishes, requests, suggestions, commands, or prohibitions, using intentional modality.
The Characteristics of naiwakeniwaikanai in Japanese: Its position in the Deontic Modality.
The result found that while AumustAy can be advice.
AuI can't do without itAy cannot, and AuI can't help itAy is for unwanted actions, highlighting the need to teach the natural use of AuI can't afford not toAy in Japanese.
Lastly, another research is.
A Contrastive Study of Complaint Discourse between Japanese and International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
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php/injuchum Indonesian Individuals in Non-dialogues sFocusing on the Use of the Evaluative Modality nakerebanarai/harus.
From the previous research, it is clear that thereAos not much research or journal about modality in general and moreover, on the Kansai dialect, which is why to understand the Kansai dialect more deeply, the researcher decided to focus on the Kakugen of modality used in Kansai dialect (Elman, 2.
The most reliable communication tool in the common life of a society is language.
Language is considered meaningful because it serves as a purpose, which is to communicate through messages, conceptsm ideas or even thoughts (Ross, 2.
Language becomes so important in the whole of human life (White, 1.
Manga AUiAs, commonly referred to in Indonesian as comics, are illustrated stories.
Manga is one of the most popular culture that originated from Japan, it has become known that manga is a media that have an effect of spreading, from language, literature, academic, art.
Manga also already researched by many people depending on what their focus on, one of them, that examines the use of Rhetoric Ateji of Manga.
Differences such as cultural, social and geographical differences, lead to cultural acculturation in a community group.
In terms of language, these differences result in language variations called language varieties.
Dialect is one of the language varieties that has a close relationship with where the language users come from.
Differences such as vocabulary make some dialects difficult for language learners to understand, especially in Japanese language learning, both in terms of meaning and structure.
Linguistics is the study of language.
The most important and main study of linguistics is about the structure of a sentence/word.
A collection of words formed into a sentence can also be referred to as syntax (Wheeldon, 2.
One of the sub-sections contained in syntax is Modality is a sub-section of syntax that focuses on roles that allow speakers to express belief in a portion or belief in the level of commitment (Kaufmann et al.
, 2.
The focus on this research is to focus on the form of Kakugen modality used in Kansai dialect in Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga volume 1.
Understanding the pattern and structure of modality used in manga, it is expected to provide knowledge of how to understand Kansai dialect through manga.
Literature Review The main feature in dialect is the difference in unity and unity in difference (Baker et , 2.
In addition, dialect also has two special characteristics.
The first special feature is that a dialect is a collection of local speech forms but has common characteristics.
Secondly, dialects do not have to use all forms of speech that exist in a language.
Meanwhile, the language speakers use linguistic variations such as dialects, to reflect social identity and to achieve a certain communication goal (Hazen, 2.
Provides restrictions on the relationship between language and dialect (Adler, 2.
, one of which is as follows.
A dialect must be regional sub unit in relation to language, particlary in its vernaculer or spoken AuLanguageAy is a superordinate designation.
AudialectAy is a subordinate (Fishman, 1.
Kansai dialect is one of the most popular dialects in Japan.
Kansai dialect users are people who live in the Kansai or Kinki area.
Palter and Kaoru Horiuchi .
also added International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
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php/injuchum that the Kansai or Kinki region, consists of two cities as its main cities namely Osaka and Kyoto, while Hyogo.
Mie.
Wakayama.
Nara and Shiga are its prefectures.
Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies sentence structure, sentences, and sentence The structure is the structure of phrases, clauses and sentences.
According to Verhaar .
, syntax is a branch of linguistics that examines the arrangement of words in sentences.
It can be concluded that syntax is a study that analyzes the structure of words in a sentence.
Japanese, syntax is called tourogonAUAnAs.
According to Masuoka in Sutedi .
, modality is included in the grammatical category to provide an attitude used by speakers towards their interlocutors such as providing information, prohibiting, ordering, and so on in the form of communication.
Furthermore.
Nitta .
explains that modality in Japanese has various forms, one of the most distinctive is Shuujoshi AUACOAsor sentence ending particles.
According to Matsuoka in Sutedi .
, modality in Japanese is divided into ten types, namely: Kakugen (Certaint.
Meirei (Comman.
Kinshi-kyoka (Prohibition and Permissio.
Irai (Reques.
Toui (Suggestio.
Ishi-moushide-kanyuu (Stating intention in doing somethin.
Ganbou (Desir.
Gaigen (Conjectur.
Setsumei (Stating reaso.
, and Hikyou (Compariso.
One of the example of the modality is Kakugen, which is a modality used to express something that the speaker already believes for sure.
For example:
neAACCaC Ningen/ ha/ shinu/ mono/ da.
Humans are creatures that will die.
From the example above, it is written that AuA is a form of Kakugen (Certaint.
Excluding AuA, there is another form that is use to make a Kakugen sentence, which is AuCOAA AuAAoauAoCEAAEauAoCECeaua AuAAiAEauAAoauA in standard Japanese.
Another example based on Shingu, is a modality used in Kansai dialect.
For example, the use of Kakugen modality in Kansai dialect:
OuACCAICOAAoCaAC Kyou/ wa/ mou/ kaerimasu/wa.
IAom going home.
From the example above, it is written that AAo in standard Japanese became Ca in Kansai dialect and it is to make a Kakugen sentence.
This study will examine the use of Kakugen modality that is used in manga Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu especially in Kansai dialect.
arena ada perbedaan makanya layak untuk ditelit.
Methodology The research method used by researchers in this study is a qualitative research method.
Fadli .
states that qualitative research is a research method that aims to identify the activities carried out and their impact, which will then be explained in a narrative.
Moleong in Dinizar and Hariyanti .
also explains that qualitative research methods are methods that focus on research objects by collecting data in the form of descriptive information, both in writing and orally, obtained from individuals or groups involved in the event.
The data source of this research is characters that actively speak in Kansai dialect in volume 1 which consists of 6.
5 chapters and comes from a manga titled Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu which has a horror, mystery, seinen, supernatural and tragedy genres.
The alternate name for International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
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php/injuchum this manga is known as The Summer Hikaru Died, that released on 2022 by MOKUMOKU Ren ( author ).
The data in this study is collected using the note-taking technique which is according to Sugiyono .
the note technique is a method used to record data that has been collected through reading techniques, or by recording events that have occurred, and selecting data that is in accordance with what is needed.
The data that has been recorded is then classified by looking at its type according to Matsuoka's theory in Sutedi .
and Shingu .
Discussion In this study, the total Kakugen modalities used in the manga were found to be as shown in the table below:
Table 1 : Form of positive Kakugen modality found in Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu
Kakugen Positive Total
CECe
ACe
CECeAU
AUA
Table 2 : Form of negative Kakugen modality found in Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu Kakugen Negative Total CEAAEaCe Source: authorAos work.
As written on the table, the researcher found that the most used form of Kakugen modality in this volume is AuA and in this discussion, the author will elaborate on the analysis of the form used.
First, the researcher will put an example of the form AuA in Kansai dialect of Kakugen modality based on Shingu.
Example AyCUAiEOACEECCECECeAAC Sore / saa / ima / ninki / no / kyarakutaa / yanna.
You know, it's a character that's popular right now.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuA in Kansai dialect has the same meaning with the AuA in standard Japanese and it is used to express conformation to the other person.
Secondly, the researcher will put an example of the use of form AuCECe in Kansai dialect of Kakugen Modality based on Shingu.
International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
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php/injuchum Example ACOAUaUasCECeAC Hiragana / no / ku / yan.
ThatAos the hiragana Ku.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuCECe in Kansai dialect has the same meaning with the AuAoCEAAEAUAUAsEAuAoCECeAUAUAsin standard Japanese, that indicates the preceding assumption made by the speaker to represent something that the listener must undoubtedly agree with.
Third, the researcher will put an example of the form AuCE in Kansai dialect of Kakugen modality in Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga.
Example AoayAAICUCUCeCEAC Zutto / sobani / orerunya.
I can always stay with you.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuCE in Kansai dialect has the same meaning with AuA in standard Japanese.
The term refers to the conjugation ending AAoEAuA, which is used when nouns and AuAadjectives function as predicates.
In Kansai dialect, the copula AuA changes to AuCE with the same meaning.
The researcher also wrote an example of the use of past-form of AuCE which is turned into AuCEAA form according to Shingu.
Example ACCEAECEaC Demo / dame / yatta.
But it didnAot work.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuCEAA in Kansai dialect as Kakugen modality has the same meaning as Aua in standard Japanese.
The perfective .
affirmative form changes from Aua to AuCEAA in Kansai dialect.
Fourth, the researcher will show an example of form AuACe that is used in Kansai dialect on Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga based on Shingu.
Example AyAeAEOEEsEAUOuUCEACeAC Soko / no / tonneru / ga / ima / koujichuu / yanen .
The tunnel there is under construction.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of ACe in Kansai dialect used Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga has the same meaning as AuAEAuCeA in standard Japanese.
This form is used for statements made by both male nor female in standard Japanese nor in Kansai dialect.
Fifth, the researcher will show an example of form AuCa that is used in Kakugen modality in Kansai dialect on Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga according to Shingu.
International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
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php/injuchum Example Example AECEACeACCAAECaAC Iya / nandemo / naiwa.
Nevermind it.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuCa in Kansai dialect as Kakugen modality has the same meaning as AuCO in standard Japanese, but the AuCa used in Kansai dialect differs from the feminine particle AuCa in standard Japanese.
In the Kansai dialect.
AuCa is a sentence-final particle that adds a subtle emphasis to the sentence and is used by both males and females.
Sixth, the researcher will show an example of the form AuCe in Kansai dialect in Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga as Kakugen modality based on Shingu.
Example AeAOsECEAUAAcACeAC Kono / mae / mion / de / mitsuketen.
I found it on Meon the other day.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuCe in Kansai dialect has the same meaning as AuA in standard Japanese.
The extended predicate AuA functions as a noun .
, and similarly.
AuCeEAuACe serves the same purpose.
Seventh, the researcher will show an example of the use of form AuA in Kansai dialect according to Shingu.
Example AeaCEAAUAnCUAsAAC Kono / mama / yato / mazaru / de.
If this continues, youAoll get mixed.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuA in Kansai dialect used for Kakugan modality has the same meaning as AuCO that is used as a form of assertion.
Eighth, the researcher will show an example of the form AuCECeAU that is used in Kansai dialect based on Shingu.
Example IOACEAICECeAUAC Hikaru / chau / yanka.
You are not Hikaru.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuCECeAU in Kansai dialect used for Kakugen modality has the same meaning as AuAoCEAAEEAuAoCECe in standard dialect.
This form is used to express the strong confirmation of the speaker to the listener.
The researcher also wrote that the similar form to AuCECeAU is AuCECeAc in Kansai AOCUAuCEoAcAEAAUaCECeAcAC Ore / ichinichijyuu / kore / tsukete / bukatsu / made /ittotta I wore this all day long to the club activities.
From the example above, the researcher conclude that the use of AuCECeAc has the same meaning as AuCECeAU which is AuAoCECe in standard Japanese, and it used for strong But the difference between those two is AuCECeAU is commonly used by all gender and AuCECeAc is mostly used by males.
Ninth, the researcher will show an example of the form AuAUA in Kansai dialect that is used in Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga according to Shingu.
Example OuAuyAEAOAUCECeAUAEAC International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
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php/injuchum Kyou / no / asa / naa / okayan / gana.
This morning, motherFrom the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuAUA in Kansai dialect as Kakugen modality has the same meaning as AuCO in standard Japanese.
AuAUA is a trong, blunt assertives particle that typically used by elderly people or local merchants in Kansai dialect.
Tenth, the researcher will show an example of the form AuCEAAE that is used in Kansai dialect in Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga based on Shingu.
Example UAuAIOAaUAoACCIOCEAAEEOEUCAC Mita / me / wa / Hikaru / to / onaji / demo / Hikaru / The appearance is similar to Hikaru but thatAos not Hikaru.
From the example, the researcher conclude that the use of AuCEAAE in Kansai dialect used for Kakugen modality has the same meaning as AuAoCEAAE in standard Japanese.
It's also better to understand that younger generations often use the Neo-dialect forms NCEAAEAUAoCE AAEAs/ NCEAAUaUAoCEAAUas alongside the traditional patterns.
Lastly, the researcher will show an example of the form AuACe in Kansai dialect that is used in Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga according to Shingu.
Example COAAsAUcCaACeAC Yoshiki / ga / warawahen.
Yoshiki is not laughing.
From the example, the researcher can conclude that the use of AuACe in Kansai dialect as Kakugen modality has the same meaning as AuAAE in standard Japanese.
In Kansai dialect, the basic structure of the negative verb is V ( negative-stem ) ACe.
Conclusion And Recommendation Based on this research that focuses on Kakugen on Japanese modality used in manga, through the data source of Hikaru ga Shinda Natsu manga, it was found that the most common form used was AuA and the least was AuACe.
The use of the form AuA which had the most, was used 40 times in conversations that took place in 1 volume, while AuAUa AuCEAAE and AuACe was only used 1 time in the entire 1 volume.
For future research, it is suggested to explore further the differences between Kakugen modality in another dialect and standard Japanese in more detail.
References