JIPK.
Volume 17 No 1 February 2025 Sinta 1 (Decree No: 158/E/KPT/2.
e-ISSN:2528-0759.
p-ISSN:2085-5842 Available online at https://e-journal.
id/JIPK JIPK
(JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN)
Scientific Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research Article A New Record of Rochia maxima (Koch, 1.
Through a Species Clarification of Lola Snail.
Bangka Belitung Islands.
Indonesia Siti Aisyah1,5 .
Delianis Pringgenies2,5* .
Okto Supratman1,5 Rizal3 .
Dafit Ariyanto4,5 , and Ucu Yanu Arbi4,5 .
Dimas Wahyudi1 Fahmi Department of Aquatic Resources Management.
Faculty of Agriculture.
Fisheries and Marine Science.
Universitas Bangka Belitung.
Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.
Indonesia Department of Marine Science.
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science.
Universitas Diponegoro.
Semarang.
Indonesia Department of Chemistry.
Faculty of Engineering.
Universitas Bangka Belitung.
Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.
Indonesia The National Research and Innovation Agency.
Jakarta.
Indonesia Indonesian Malacological Society.
Bogor.
West Java.
Indonesia
Abstract
ARTICLE INFO
Received: March 14, 2024 Accepted: June 11, 2024 Published: July 18, 2024 Available online: Feb 11, 2025 *) Corresponding author:
E-mail: delianispringgenies@lecturer.
Keywords:
Bangka Belitung DNA Barcoding Lola Snail Rochia maxima This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license .
ttps://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.
The use of Lola snails (Rochia maxim.
in the Bangka Belitung has continued to increase.
However, research focused on Lola snails originating from the Bangka Belitung has not been thoroughly conducted.
In previous study, the Lola snail sample found in the Bangka Belitung was Trochus niloticus .
urrent name: Rochia nilotic.
This study aimed to identify Lola snail species using the DNA barcoding as a way of clarifying Lola snail species that originated in the Bangka Belitung.
Lola snail sampling was carried out at three locations which were Nasik Strait.
Ketawai, and Rebo Waters.
This study was conducted through five stages, including Lola snail tissue sampling.
DNA extraction, amplification by PCR, sequencing, and data analysis.
The results showed that the molecular identification of the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) gene in Lola snail samples were identified as Rochia maxima species (Koch, 1.
The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Lola snails found in the Bangka Belitung were close to Tectus maximus .
r Rochia maxim.
maxima has a lighter shell than R.
nilotica, a clear conical shape, and a circle on the body that does not widen at the edges.
Unlike zoologists who said that R.
maxima is the primitive form of R.
nilotica, the present study found that they have the same morphology and are considered similar but genetically different.
The clarification of Lola snail species can be used to determine the conservation status and catching quota of Lola snails from the Bangka Belitung.
Cite this as: Aisyah.
Pringgenies.
Supratman.
Wahyudi.
Rizal.
Ariyanto.
, & Arbi.
A New Record of Rochia maxima (Koch, 1.
Through a Species Clarification of Lola Snail.
Bangka Belitung Islands.
Indonesia.
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 17.
:16Ae27.
http://doi.
org/10.
20473/jipk.
Copyright A2025 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga Aisyah et al.
/ JIPK, 17.
:16-27
Introduction to 100 tons/year.
Lola (Rochia spp.
) is a gastropod-class marine snail whose habitat in coral reefs (Seinor et al.
, 2020.
Wahyudi et al.
, 2.
It has been found in Indo-Pacific waters, from Madagascar to Micronesia.
Japan.
Western Australia.
New Caledonia, the Philippines.
China, and Indonesia (Arifin et al.
, 1998.
Pakoa et al.
, 2008.
Jiang et al.
, 2.
In Indonesia.
Lola snails have been found from eastern Indonesia in the Maluku Islands to western Indonesia in the Bangka Belitung Islands (Leimena et al.
, 2007: Tuhumury, 2013.
Cappenberg and Wulandari, 2019.
Akbar et al.
, 2.
In the Bangka Belitung Islands, they have been reportedly found in the Nasik Strait (Belitung Regenc.
Kelapan Island (South Bangka Regenc.
Perlang, and Ketawai Island (Central Bangka Regenc.
(Cappenberg and Wulandari, 2019.
Akbar et al.
, 2.
The continued harvesting of Lola snails in the Bangka Belitung Islands could potentially exceed the national catch quota.
The high economic value of Lola snails results in excessive exploitation as a source of community income (Purcell et , 2.
The meat of Lola snails can be consumed as a source of protein and their shells can be used for various types of jewellery (Gillet et al.
, 2020.
Purcell et , 2.
The Lola are easy to collect, and shells can be stored in anticipation of sale or optimised sales as a result of their shallow and predictable habitat preference (Purcell and Ceccarelli, 2.
It is vulnerable to a high level of exploitation due to these characteristics.
This assertion is further supported by evidence of archeological showing the long-term resilience of the population to occasional harvesting (Kinch et al.
Ulm et al.
, 2019.
Doyle et al.
, 2.
In relation to previous research, the presence of Lola snails in the Bangka Belitung Islands has been found one species and identified as a species of Trochus niloticus (Accepted name: Rochia nilotic.
(Akbar et al.
, 2019.
Cappenberg and Wulandari, 2.
One of the first efforts to conserve organisms is to provide taxonomic and genetic information.
Taxonomic and genetic information on Lola snails is very much needed to determine the right species for conservation methods and catching quotas, especially in the Bangka Belitung Islands.
Lola snail populations have declined due to unsustainable harvesting practices.
The government, therefore, issued Regulation No.
7 of 1999 concerning AuPreservation of Plant and Animal SpeciesAy, which states that the Lola is considered a protected wild animal.
The regulation were amended in KEPMEN LH No.
20 of 2018 concerning protected plants and animals, which were declassified as a protected animal.
Moreover, according to the Decree of the Director General of Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems Number SK.
1/KSDAE/KKH/KSA.
2/1/2021 regarding Quotas for Taking Natural Plants and Catching Wild Animals for the 2021 Period, the quota for catching Lola snails in Indonesia is set at 206.
2 tons.
However, in 2022, the quota for catching Lola snails increased to 336 tons/year.
This increase was caused by the additional area of Lola snail-catching in several regions of Indonesia.
Consequently, the quota for catching Lola snails in South Sumatra (Bangka Belitun.
increased The purpose of this study is to identify the Lola snail species present in the Bangka Belitung Islands using the DNA Barcoding method to clarify their identity.
Materials and Methods 1 Materials This study was conducted from April to November 2021.
The sampling of Lola snails was carried out at three locations in the Bangka Belitung Islands, including Nasik Strait (Belitung Regency: Yellow box on Figure .
Ketawai Island (Central Bangka Regency: Red box on Figure .
, and Rebo Waters (Bangka Regency: Green box on Figure .
The locations were chosen based on the distribution of Lola snails in the Bangka Belitung Islands, according to a literature The sampling locations are shown in Figure 1.
Before sampling, sterile plastic bottles were thoroughly disinfected with 96% alcohol.
DNA extraction were performed using micropipettes from Eppendorf (German.
, vortex, and mini centrifuge.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used T100 PCR Thermal Cycler BioRad (USA).
The sequence analysis was conducted in PT Genetika Science Indonesia.
1 Ethical approval This study does not require approval because it does not use experimental animals.
2 Methods The sampling of the Lola snail was done by cutting a bit of the Lola snail tissue or meat (A1 c.
with surgical scissors.
The tissue samples obtained were put in a sample tube and treated with a 96% alcohol preservative (Marquina et al.
, 2.
1 DNA isolation and extraction Before isolation and extraction.
Lola snail samples were washed with Low TE (Tris-EDTA buf- JIPK: Scientific Journal of Fisheries and Marine JIPK Vol 17 No 1.
February 2025 | A New Record of Rochia maxima (Koch, 1.
Through a Species.
to remove any alcohol solution as a preservative.
Furthermore.
Lola snail samples were isolated and extracted using a silica column through four stages of lysis, binding, washing, and elution, following the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit Qiagen commercial kit The positive results of PCR amplification were sent to the sequencing service company for sequencing.
The DNA sequencing process was done using an Abi 1377 sequencer machine by sequencing facility 1st Base in Malaysia.
The analysis was performed using MEGA X (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysi.
Figure 1.
Location of sampling in the Bangka Belitung Islands.
Indonesia (Selat Nasik (Belitung Regenc.
: Yellow box.
Ketawai Island (Central Bangka Regenc.
: Red box, and Rebo Waters (Bangka Regenc.
: Green bo.
2 Amplification by PCR The target gene segments were amplified using a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reactio.
The primers used in this study were universal primers for mollusks.
LCO1490:5Ao-GGTCAACaTCATaGATATTGG-3Ao and HCO2198:5Ao-TaCTTCAgTGACCaTCA-3Ao (Folmer et al.
, 1.
The mixture of materials used was GoTaqAGreen Master Mix .
-50 .
LCO1490 primer .
5-5 .
HCO2198 primer .
5-5 .
DNA template .
-5 .
, and Nuclease-Free Water .
-50 .
Amplification was carried out using a PCR machine with pre-denaturation conditions of 94AC for five minutes, followed by 35 cycles consisting of denaturation at 94AC for 30 seconds, annealing at 43AC for 90 seconds, extension at 72AC for one minute, and final extension at 72AC for five minutes (Barco et al.
, 2.
The results of PCR amplification were then tested for quality using agarose gel 1.
5% with GelRed dye and the results were visualized using a Gel Doc machine.
3 DNA Fragment Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis software for nucleotide sequence reading and alignment to obtain more accurate results.
The nucleotide alignment data acquired were then matched with the data available on GenBank at NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Informatio.
using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Too.
The phylogenetic construction analysis in this study used MEGA X software with the neighbour-joining tree method of the 3-parameter Tamura evolution model with distributed gamma intervals and 1000x replication bootstraps (Tamura et al.
, 2.
Results and Discussion 1 Result The analysis based on the monthly data of Aqua-Modis satellite in April 2021 found that the sea surface temperature analysis of the Bangka Belitung Seas shows a range between 30.
5 and 31.
3AC (Figure Temperature tolerance for Lola snails of 0,1-11 m deep ranges from 28-34AC.
Temperature is one of the factors that support LolaAos life.
specifically, the optimal temperature for consumption oxygen is at 31AC Copyright A2025 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga Aisyah et al.
/ JIPK, 17.
:16-27
(Helsinga, 1.
Figure 2.
The Monthly Aqua-Modis data on Sea Surface Temperature of Bangka Belitung in April 2021.
Table 1.
Genetic distance between Rochia maxima from Bangka Belitung.
Trochus niloticus and Tectus maximus.
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 MSPUBB_A_Rochia maxima 2 MSPUBB_B_Rochia maxima 0.
3 MSPUBB_C_Rochia maxima 0.
4 MSPUBB_D_Rochia maxima 0.
5 MSPUBB_E_Rochia maxima 0.
6 MSPUBB_F_Rochia maxima 0.
MSPUBB_I_Rochia maxima 0.
8 MSPUBB_J_Rochia maxima 0.
9 MSPUBB_K_Rochia maxima 0.
10 MSPUBB_L_Rochia maxima 0.
MSPUBB_M_Rochia max11 12 MSPUBB_N_Rochia maxima 0.
13 MSPUBB_O_Rochia maxima 0.
14 MSPUBB_P_Rochia maxima 0.
AY923938.
1_Trochus niloti15 16 EU530150.
1_Tectus maximus 0.
JIPK: Scientific Journal of Fisheries and Marine JIPK Vol 17 No 1.
February 2025 | A New Record of Rochia maxima (Koch, 1.
Through a Species.
1 Molecular Identification Table 2.
Species of Lola snails from Bangka Belitung Islands.
Sample Id
Sample Species Query Cover % Per Ident % Accession Id
MSPUBB_A
Ketawai Island Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_B
Ketawai Island Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_C
Ketawai Island Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_D
Rebo Waters Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_E
Rebo Waters Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_F
Rebo Waters Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_I
Nasik Strait Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_J
Nasik Strait Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_K
Nasik Strait Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_L
Nasik Strait Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_M
Nasik Strait Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_N
Nasik Strait Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_O
Nasik Strait Rochia maxima EU530150.
MSPUBB_P
Nasik Strait Rochia maxima EU530150.
Molecular identification using mtDNA COI gene is an alternative way to identify biota to avoid and minimize accidental morphological misidentification, considering that morphological identification is also influenced by abiotic factors such as environmental changes that affect body shape, skin color, and other external characteristics.
The results of COI barcode identification obtained sequences for the Lola snail samples, with base sequence lengths ranging from 600 to 700 bp (Table .
All samples were successfully amplified, and most of the barcodes yielded clear matches to the sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool database with >96% similarity.
2 Phylogenetic analysis The phylogenetic tree analysis using the neighbor joiningneighbour-joining tree method showed that the Lola snails found in the Bangka Belitung Islands are closely related to Tectus maximus (Accepted name: Rochia maxim.
type (Figure .
It showed that the BLAST analysis results were consistent with the characteristics of the phylogenetic treeAos branches.
The higher the similarity between the nucleotide sequences, the higher the similarity value, which results in proximity on the branches of the phylogenetic tree (Pearson, 2013.
Bajusz et al.
, 2.
In addition, the phylogenetic tree construction of the Lola snail Figure 3.
DNA visualization of Lola snail samples with a length of 700 bp using 1.
5% agarose.
A2025 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga Copyright A2024 Aisyah et al.
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(R.
also showed proximity to Trochus niloticus (Accepted name: R.
When identified morphologically, the scientific name of Lola snails in the Bangka Belitung Islands is frequently referred to as the species name.
1 Rochia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1.
The shell of the R.
nilotica is large, cumber some, conical, and appears to be sub perforatedsub-perforated.
It is covered in a brown or yellowish cuticle, usually missing from the upper whorls.
The color under the cuticle is white, longitudinally striped Table 3.
Sequence of Rochia maxima from Bangka Belitung Islands.
Sequence Result of Rochia maxima .
TCCGGATTAG TAGGAACTGC TCTTAGACTT TTAATTCg CCGAGTTAGG TCAAcGGT
GCGTTACTGG gATGATCA GCTCTATAAT
121 AtCtC
TGGTAATGCC
GTAATTGTTA CTGCGCATGC
AtGTAATA
CTTAATAATT GGAGGAtG GTAACTGGTT AATTCCtAA
182 TGTTgAGC GCCAGACATA GCAtc GGCTTAATAA
TATAAGAt
TGATTGTTGC
242 CTcTCATT GACATTGCTA CTGAGGTCGG CTGCGGTAGA AAGTGGTGTT GGTACTGGTT
302 GAACAGtA TCCTCCTCTG GCTGGaTT TGGCACATGC TGGTGCGTCA GTTGATCTAG
362 CTAtCTC
TCTTCAtA GCAgTAT CCTCTAt gTGCTGTTA ACtATTACT
424 ACGGTAATTA ATATACGTTG ACATGGAATG aTTCGAAC GATTACCTCT
483 TCTGTaGA TTACAGCAAT tGTTGTTG TTATCCTTGC
AtGtGG
CTGTATTAGC TGGAGCCATTA
543 CTATGCTTCT GACGGATCGA AAtAACA CATCt TGATCCAGCC GGAGGTg 605 AcTATTCT GTATCAGCAT TTGt 3 Morphological Analysis It should be noted that there are morphological differences between R.
nilotica and R.
(Figure .
according to George W.
Tryon.
Jr.
and Henry A.
Pilsbry in their book Manual of Conchology.
Structural and Systematic Vol.
XI.
Trochidae .
Table 4.
Sequence of Tectus maximus (EU530150.
with red, violet, or reddish brown, and maculate or radiately strigate with a lighter shade of the same color.
The tower is stringently cone-shaped, peak intense, typically dissolved, whorls at 8Ae10, the upper ones tuberculate at the stitches, and spirally beaded.
The accompanying level on their external surfaces is smooth, isolated by straight stitches.
the body-whorl is Sequence of Tectus maximus .
ACACtAtG
GtAGGTATT
TGATCCGGATTA
GTAGGAACTGCT
CTTAGACt
TAATTCgCTG
AGTTgTCAAC CTGGCGCCTTAC
TgATGAT
CAGCTCTATAA
TGTAATTGTTA
CTGCGCATGCATT
TGTAATAAt
CtCTAGTAAT
GCCACTAATAA
TTGGAGGAtG
GTAACTGGTTA
ATTCCtAATG
TTgAGCGCCA GACATAGCAt
cGGCTTAA
TAATATAAGATT
TTGATTGTTGC
CTcTCATTGA
CATTGCTACTAA
GGTCGGCTGCGG
TAGaGTGGT
GTTGGTACTGG
TTGAACAGt
ATCCTCCTCTGGC
TGGatGGC
ACATGCTGGTGC
GTCAGTGGATCT
AGCTAt
CTCTTCAtA
GCgTATCC
TCTAtAGGT
GCTGTTAACt
ATTACTACGGTA
ATTAATATACG
TTGACATGGAA
TGaTTCGAAC
GATTACCtAT
TTGtGGTCTG
TaGATTACA
GCAAtGTTG
TTATTATCt
GCCTGTGTTAGC
TGGAGCCATTAC
TATACTTCTAAC
GGATCGat
TAACACATCTT
tGATCCAG
CCGGAGGTg
GATCCTAt
TGTATCAGCA
tGt JIPK: Scientific Journal of Fisheries and Marine JIPK Vol 17 No 1.
February 2025 | A New Record of Rochia maxima (Koch, 1.
Through a Species.
extended, expanded, and compacted at the insensitive outskirts, pretty much raised underneath, and indented at the hub.
A spiral pearly callus penetrates deeply and covers the umbilical tract.
a transverse, very oblique an oblique columella with a strong spiral fold above and a denticle below that extends deeply into the axis.
forms spire whorls that are strictly conical, clearly tuberculate, or plicate, and has a planular body whorl that is not dilated at the periphery.
a flat base with a concentrated groove.
and a less oblique columella than the type.
It exactly resembles an immature specimen of the latter species in its conic shape, flat base, and sculptured spire.
However, at the same time, it keeps Figure 4.
Phylogenetic tree of Lola snail found in Bangka Belitung Islands.
Figure 5.
Lola snail samples were found in Bangka Belitung Islands.
2 Rochia maxima (Koch, 1.
The shell is lighter than that of R.
these characteristics as adults.
Lola snails from Bangka Belitung Islands and their morphology can be seen in Figure 5 and morphological differences between R.
A2024 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga Copyright A2025 Aisyah et al.
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Nilotica .
and R.
in Figure 6.
1 Molecular Identification Some of the Rochia maxima .
revious name:
Tectus maximu.
sequences were not deposited in GenBank, therefore 99-100% match is not always According to Madduppa, et al.
the similarity limit is accepted at >96% for species differentiation.
The results of the molecular identification of the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 gene in Lola snail samples using the BLAST program integrated on the GenBank website were identified as Rochia maxima species (Koch, 1.
The following are the results of the visualization of the Lola snail agarose gel sample (Figure 3 and Table .
The sequencing results of the Lola snail samples (Table .
had a high similarity in query cover values asto Rochia maxima species (Table .
According to Madduppa et al.
, the query cover value and the level of similarity indicate that the samples, therefore, belonged to that species.
So, based on the molecular results, the samples belong to Rochia maxima species.
present study used the identification results from other researchers as a reference when determining the Lola snail species in the Bangka Belitung Islands.
2 Phylogenetic Analysis The phylogenetic tree reconstruction using DNA sequences was based on the species R.
and various other species, such as R.
Cittarium pica.
Chlorostoma turbinatum.
Omphalius rusticus.
Lunella coronata.
Turbo reevii.
Astraea heliotropium.
Bolma opaoana, and Sepia pharaonis.
Sepia pharaonis species was employed as an outgroup.
According to the findings, all samples from the Bangka Belitung Islands formed a clade with Rochia maxima The phylogenetic tree identifies two main clades, namely clades A and B.
Clade A includes the Tegulidae family, and clade B includes the Turbinidae family from the Genbank Sequence.
Species belonging to clade A are Rochia maxima.
Rochia nilotica.
Cittarium pica.
Chlorostoma turbinatum, and Figure 6.
Morphological differences R.
and R.
(Source: Tryon and Pilsbry, 1.
The morphological and molecular identification had the same outcome, namely Rochia maxima.
the Decree of the Director General of Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems No.
SK.
2/KSDAE/
KKH/KSA.
2/1/2022 regarding Quotas for Taking Natural Plants and Catching Wild Animals for the 2022 Period, the Lola snail species is classified under the name of Rochia nilotica.
However, that name differs from the identification made by researchers.
According to Saleky and Merly .
, morphological identification has shortcomings because the morphology of gastropods is similar at the genus level, and they have a modified shell type, which can result in errors.
The Omphalius rusticus.
While species belonging to clade B are Lunella coronata.
Turbo reevii.
Astraea heliotropium, and Bolma opaoana.
The phylogenetic tree shows a separation between the ingroup (Gastropod.
and the outgroup (Cephalopod.
Rochia maxima form a monophyletic clade within clade A with a high bootstrap value .
%).
According to the phylogenetic tree analysis, the sample codes MSPUBB_A to MSPUBB_P had a high bootstrap value .
%) for Rochia maxima (Koch, 1.
with a similarity value of 48Ae96.
In addition, the closest kinship of the identified samples is Trochus niloticus (Rochia niloti- JIPK: Scientific Journal of Fisheries and Marine JIPK Vol 17 No 1.
February 2025 | A New Record of Rochia maxima (Koch, 1.
Through a Species.
, with a high bootstrap value .
%) and a similarity Meanwhile, the bootstrap value of the Lola snail sequence with samples in clade B was 41%.
This indicates that clade B is distantly related compared to clade A.
Smaller genetic distances indicate fewer basepair differences and higher morphological similarities between species.
Rochia maxima and Tectus maximus had the smallest genetic distance, indicating a close familial relationship, whereas Rochia maxima and Trochus niloticus had the highest genetic distances, indicating significant genetic differences between the two species (Table .
The identical matter was reported by Williams et al.
, who declared that maxima and R.
nilotica have the same morphology and are considered similar but genetically distinct.
This study evidence that molecular identification, particularly through the use of DNA barcodes for the mtCOI gene, can be used as a method to identify species of Lola species that exhibit nearly identical morphology across species (Simbolon and Aji, 2.
Various environmental factors can have an impact on genetic distance variations.
Genetic drift and natural selection are two factors that can affect these variations (Freeland, 2.
Furthermore, variances in geography and environmental factors can lead to alterations in morphology and phylogeny (Twindiko et al.
, 2.
High genetic similarity is characterized by high morphological similarity, leading to common morphological misidentification of species (Simbolon et al.
, 2.
Molecular identification of species using DNA barcoding reveals species with high morpholog ical similarity .
ryptic specie.
, allowing for more accurate species identification.
However, the effectiveness of molecular identification heavily relies on the availability of sequence data stored in the GenBank (Fahmi et al.
, 2.
Therefore, it is crucial to conduct both morphological and molecular identification simultaneously to ensure a more precise and reliable identification process.
3 Morphological analysis maxima has a lighter shell than R.
nilotica, a clear conical shape, and a circle on the body that does not widen at the edges.
Zoologists stated that R.
maxima is a primitive form of R.
nilotica (Tryon and Pilsbry, 1.
However, a study by Williams et al.
stated that R.
maxima and R.
nilotica have the same morphology and are considered similar but genetically It is hoped that the clarification of the Lola snail species in this study can be used to specifically determine the conservation status and catching quo ta for Lola snails from the Bangka Belitung Islands.
A brief communication with Mr.
Bunjamin Dharma .
as a Board of Advisors in the Indonesian Malacological Society showed that the keydifference between R.
nilotica and R.
maxima is that the formerAos shell of R.
nilotica is thick and heavy, with a balanced height and diameter ratio, a concave last whorl, a curved periphery, and a slightly convex The shell of R.
maxima is thin and relatively light, taller than wide, its whorl is flat, the periphery is angular, and the bottom is flat.
The initial oversight was made by Tryon and Pilsbry .
, who classified maxima as a variation of R.
nilotica, however, a recent study stated that both of the species are distinct.
Management of the Lola snail The Tectus .
ecent name: Rochi.
is a large reef snail that is commonly caught in tropical waters, where it is high value and durable quality make it an attractive source of income for island communities (Pakao et al.
, 2.
After rapid geographical extension around the world in the 1930s and 1940s, the rise in global demand for Rochia shells quickly raised serious concerns about the conservation of this resource in the global market (Dumas et al.
, 2.
Historical evidence of RochiaAos vulnerability to overfishing and the application of increasingly stringent fisheries regulations have led to severe stock collapse, sometimes to the brink of local extinction (Purcell et al.
, 2.
The government has laid out steps regarding the conservation of Lola snails, which is planned in the National Action Plan (Rencana Aksi Nasional or RAN).
The RAN for Lola Conservation was inspired by several issues described in the RAN for Lola Conservation Period I: 2016Ae2020, such as the lack of information regarding the status of the Lola snail population in nature, indications of a decline in the Lola snail population, and habitat damage.
The purpose of the National Action Plan is based on Government Regulation No.
60 of 2007 concerning the Conservation of Fish Resources.
In this regulation, species conservation is defined as an act of utilizing, preserving, and protecting fish resources to ensure the availability, existence, and sustainability of various types of fish for present and future generations.
The RAN Lola Conservation emphasizes the importance of Rochia nilotica species, which is a well-known type of Lola snail in Indonesia.
In the RAN Lola Conservation, no management or conservation plans are lined out relating A2024 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga Copyright A2025 Aisyah et al.
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to the Rochia maxima species.
The clarification of the Lola snail species in this study serves as a reference in determining the conservation status of Lola snailsnails and the catch quota from the Bangka Belitung Islands so that the type of information submitted is according to the data generated.
The author.
affirm that no artificial intelligence (AI) tools, services, or technologies were employed in the creation, editing, or refinement of this All content presented is the result of the independent intellectual efforts of the author.
, ensuring originality and integrity.
Conclusion Funding Information Lola snails originating from the Bangka Belitung Islands (Nasik Strait.
Rebo Waters, and Ketawai Islan.
were identified as Rochia maxima, not to be Rochia nilotica species, based on molecular and morphological identification.
Even though they both have the same morphological form, they are genetically different.
The clarification of the Lola snail species in this study serves as a reference in determining the conservation status of Lola snails and the catch quota from the Bangka Belitung Islands so that the type of information submitted is according to the data generated.
Moreover, it is hoped that the existence of the Lola snail in nature can continue to be sustainable.
In addition, further research is needed regarding the sustainable of Lola snails since its current exploitation is Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) of Universitas Bangka Belitung for the 2021 University-Level Lecturer Research Grant.
Bpk.
Bunjamin Dharma for the discussion about Lola snail morphology.
Bpk.
Rizza Muftiadi for collecting samples from Ketawai and for helping as the sample photographer.
Department of Water Resources Management.
University of Bangka Belitung.
UBB Biology Laboratory, and all those who have helped in this research.
AuthorsAo Contributions All authors have contributed to the final manuscript.
The contribution of each author as follow.
SA.
OS.
FR and DW.
collected the data, drafted the manuscript, and designed the figures.
DP.
DA and UYA.
devised the main conceptual ideas and critical revision of the article.
All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Declaration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) This research was partially supported by Universitas Bangka Belitung with grant number: 247.
UN50/L/PP/2021.
References