JIPK.
Volume 13 No 1.
April 2021 Sinta 2 (Decree No: 10/E/KPT/2.
e-ISSN:2528-0759.
p-ISSN:2085-5842 DOI=10.
20473/jipk.
Available online at https://e-journal.
id/JIPK/index JIPK
(JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN)
Short Communication The Effectiveness of Filopaludina javanica and Sulcospira testudinaria in Reducing Organic Matter in Catfish (Clarias sp.
) Aquaculture Wastewater Shofiyatul Lailiyah* .
Diana Arfiati.
Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika.
Neni Dyah Kusumaning Arum, and Catur Budi Noviya Faculty of Fisheries and Marine.
Universitas Brawijaya.
Malang.
East Java, 65145.
Indonesia
Abstract
ARTICLE INFO
Received: September 25, 2020 Accepted: January 05, 2021 Published: March 31, 2021 *) Corresponding author:
E-mail:lailiyahshofiyatul@gmail.
Keywords:
Gastropods waste treatment Cultivation wastewater Total Organic Matter This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license .
ttp://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.
The residual or wastewater from the cultivation process that is discharged directly into common waters can reduce the quality of the waters because it contains a lot of organic material from organism feces and feed residue, so, water quality management is needed.
The objective of this study was to determine the ability of Tutut Jawa and Susuh Kura snails to reduce total organic matter in catfish culture waste.
The research method was the experiment with 2-factor Factorials Completely Randomized Design.
The first factor was the time measurement .
, 8, 12, and 16 hour.
and the second factor was the abundance of the Tutut Jawa and Susuh Kura snails .
%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and contro.
The Tutut Jawa snails were taken from the pond at UPR Sumbermina Dau.
The results obtained in the treatment with the addition of Tutut Jawa snail, the total organic matter content decreased at quality during the study was in a condition that could tolerate the Tutut Jawa snails and freshwater 75% snail density by 90% .
75 mg/L 31 mg/L) at the 12th hour.
The treatment with the addition of Susuh Kura at a density of 25%, the total organic matter content was decreased by 87% .
rom 48 to 9.
35 mg/L) at the 8th hour.
The conclusion is that the addition of Tutut Jawa snail and / or Susuh Kura can reduce the total organic matter content to the water quality standard.
Cite this as: Lailiyah.
Arfiati.
Hertika.
Arum.
, & Noviya.
The effectiveness of Filopaludina javanica and Sulcospira testudinaria in reducing organic matter in catfish (Clarias sp.
) aquaculture wastewater.
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 13.
:116Ae123.
http://doi.
org/10.
20473/jipk.
Copyright A2021 Universitas Airlangga Lailiyah et al.
/ JIPK, 13.
:116Ae123 Introduction Catfish is a freshwater fish that is widely consumed by the community to meet their nutritional needs.
Catfish is widely cultivated with intensive cultivation.
Intensive cultivation is cultivation using a large area, high stocking density, and high pellet feeding (Negara et , 2.
A cultivation activity with good management will still produce a waste from leftover feed and fish For example, if one cultivation pond is given 100 kg of pellet feed, 25% of feed is used for fish growth, 25% of feed is used for fish metabolism and 50% of feed produces waste consisting of 10% uneaten feed, 10% in the form of suspended waste, and 30% of waste from fish metabolism (Setiawan et al.
, 2.
The waste from the remaining intensively cultivated feed that was disposed into common waters consisted of 1-5% of dry feed, 5-10% of moist feed, and 10-30% of wet feed.
The remaining feed results in cultivation waste producing waste with an organic material content of around 8% (Sulistiyarto, 2.
If the remaining aquaculture waste with high organic matter content is disposed without management into public waters, it will cause organic pollution and decrease water quality (Srithongouthai and Tada, 2.
Waste that is disposed directly can easily contaminate the surrounding water.
Emissions removed can reduce dissolved oxygen, produce hyper-nutrification and eutrophication, increase sedimentation loads, and cause variation in planktonic and benthic communities (Islam and Yasmin, 2.
Gastropods are important organisms in aquatic ecosystems because they can take advantage of detritus and organic matter in the waters (Fadhilah et al.
, 2.
The Tutut Jawa snail (Filopaludina javanic.
is a freshwater snail in the Mollusca phylum, gastropod class, and Viviparidae family.
These snails are found in the upper reaches of rivers (Tanjung, 2.
The Tutut Jawa snail (Filopaludina javanic.
is animal that consumes organic material that has been broken down by detritus .
etritus feede.
The presence of organisms from the gastropod class in an aquatic ecosystem can reduce the presence of organic matter in the waters (Sari et al.
, 2.
Susuh Kura (Sulcospira testudinari.
, a freshwater gastropod, is classified as a suspension feeder that has gills with long filaments as plankton traps and suspensions carried by water flow.
Gastropods as suspension feeders are thought to be an alternative to reduce levels of total organic matter in waters (Suwignyo et al.
, 2.
Gastropods will absorb and eat organic materials or leftovers from feces or fish food that have undergone an overhaul.
Organic materials will be used by gastropods for growth.
The gastropod organisms namely Telescoplum sp.
and Cerithidea sp.
can reduce levels of waste from laboratory-scale milkfish Animals that eat organic material and fall to the bottom of the perennial can be used as organisms to reduce the level and buildup organic matter.
The use of gastropods in sewage treatment will not affect changes in water quality such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen.
(Khalil et al.
, 2.
Organic matter in catfish ponds has increased from inlet to outlet at the initial of 28.
01 mg/L to 89.
mg/L respectively (Arfiati et al.
, 2.
Bacillus subtilis bacteria can reduce levels of organic matter by 84% from the initial level of 52.
61 mg/L to 13.
03 mg/L, but it takes 5 days of treatment (Anggraini et al.
, 2.
Thus, it is necessary to manage catfish culture waste with treatment in a short time.
The Tutut Jawa (F.
and Susuh Kura snails (S.
are organisms that act as biofilters that use organic materials as food.
Therefore, there is a need for research on the management of cultivation waste intensively to reduce organic matter by using Tutut Jawa (F.
and Susuh Kura snails (S.
The objective of this study was to determine the ability of Tutut Jawa (F.
and Susuh Kura snails (S.
to reduce total organic matter in catfish culture wastewater, so that they could be used as a solution to reduce levels of organic matter before aquaculture wastewater was discharged into common Materials and Methods 1 Research Time and Location This research was conducted at the Laboratory of UPT Air Tawar Sumberpasir.
Malang from January to March 2018.
Tutut Jawa (F.
and Susuh Kura snails (S.
were collected at UPR Sumber Mina Lestari.
Dau.
Malang.
The survey was carried out to determine the types of freshwater gastropods that were found in the sampling location.
Temperature measurement was also carried out to determine the location of the study that matched the conditions of the sampling location.
2 Research Procedure The first research procedure was to collect and sort Tutut Jawa (F.
and Susuh Kura snails (S.
in the UPR Sumbermina pond.
Dau.
Malang.
The organisms were then acclimatized to avoid water contamination from their natural habitat and gastric emptying.
Acclimatization was carried out on media with a diameter of 10.
5 cm, then filled with clean water as much as 2 liters, and allowed to stand for 24 hours.
The Tutut Jawa snails (F.
7 to 2 cm in size while Susuh Kura snails (S.
were more than 3 cm in size.
The second step was after acclimatizing for 24 hours, the Tutut Jawa (F.
and Susuh Kura snails (S.
conchs were put Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan JIPK.
Volume 13 No 1.
April 2021 / The effectiveness of Filopaludina javanica and Sulcospira testudinaria in reducing organic.
into a different treatment tub with 2 liters volume each of catfish aquaculture wastewater.
Wastewater in the treatment was taken from the catfish aquaculture pond intensively with a stocking density of 1,500 individuals with a maintenance period of 40 days.
This study was based on differences in the density of organisms in the presence of five different treatments, namely control without organisms, density 50, density 38, density 25, and density 13.
The number of Tutut Jawa (F.
and Susuh Kura (S.
snails in one pond are A 250 individuals.
Determination of the number of individuals in each treatment used the Slovin formula according to Anita et al.
as follows:
Information :
n = Number of samples N = total population 2 = 0.
Based on the calculation of the Slovin formula, it was found that a density of 100% was 50 individuals, a density of 75% was 38 individuals, a density of 50% was 25 individuals, and a density of 25% was 13 individuals.
Each treatment was repeated 5 times to obtain 25 experimental units.
Furthermore, the total organic matter content was measured by the titration method and water quality parameters .
emperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH) every 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 16 hours.
Temperature parameters and dissolved oxygen were measured using a DO meter, while pH was measured using a pH paper 3 Total Organic Matter Procedure Organic material in wastewater is measured using the titration method.
According to NiAoma et al.
50 ml of water sample was added to erlenmeyer, after which 5 ml of H2SO4 was added and then homogenized.
The next step was to add 0.
01 N KMNO4 as much as 75 ml homogeneous and heated for 10 minutes until the temperature reached 70oC then removed from heat.
When the temperature had dropped to 60oC, slowly add 01 N sodium oxalate until it was colorless.
Furthermore, it was titrated with KMNO4 0.
01 N until it turned pink and recorded how many ml of titrant .
, then did the same procedure for 50 ml of distilled water and recorded how many ml of titrant .
The next step was to calculate the total organic matter content with the followi Information :
A x: ml of titrant for sample water y: ml of titrant for distilled water 6: one-fifth of the molecular weight of KMnO4 because each mole of KMnO4 releases five oxygens in this reaction 01: N KMnO4 1000: Convert from liters to milliliters 4 Data Analysis In this study, statistical analysis was also carried out using factorial ANOVA test to determine the effect of each treatment on reducing the total organic matter content in catfish culture waste and to determine the best time to decrease the total organic matter content.
Results and Discussion The measurement results of total organic matter in catfish culture wastewater were 68.
75 mg/L for treatment with the addition of Tutut Jawa snails (F.
48 mg/L in wastewater for the addition of Susuh Kura snails (S.
The measurement results of total organic matter for 16 hours of observation in the treatment with the addition of Tutut Jawa snail (F.
with a density of 50 individuals had a 90% reduction percentage from the initial level of 68.
75 mg/L 02 mg/L (Figure 1 and .
The total organic matter content in the treatment with a density of 38 individuals and 25 individuals had the same percentage decrease, namely 88% from the initial level of 68.
75 mg/L to 8.
mg/L.
Meanwhile, the treatment with a density of 13 individuals had a percentage reduction of 87% from the initial level of 68.
75 mg/L to 8.
34 mg/L and control with a percentage of 84% from the initial level of 68.
mg/L to 11.
12 mg/L.
The results of measuring the levels of total organic matter in the treatment with the addition of Susuh Kura snails (S.
with a density of 50, 38, and 25 individuals had the same percentage reduction, namely 69% from the initial level 68.
75 mg/L to 22.
mg/L.
Meanwhile, the treatment with a density of 13 individuals had a percentage decrease of 73% from the initial level of 68.
75 mg/L to 19.
21 mg/L and control with a percentage of 63% from the initial level of 68.
mg/L to 26.
54 mg/L.
The highest percentage reduction with the addition of Tutut Jawa snails (F.
was found in treatment with a density of 38 individuals at 12th hours, namely 92% from the initial level of 68.
mg/L to 5.
31 mg/L.
Meanwhile, the lowest percentage reduction treatment was found in the treatment with a density of 25 individuals at 4th hour, namely 84% from the initial level of 68.
75 mg/L to 19.
47 mg/L.
The highest percentage reduction with the addition of Susuh Kura snails (S.
was found in treatment with a density of 13 individuals at the 8th hour, namely 87% from the initial level of 72.
48 mg/L to 9.
35 mg/L.
Meanwhile, the lowest percentage reduction treatment Copyright A2021 Universitas Airlangga April 2021 Lailiyah et al.
/ JIPK, 13.
:116Ae123 was found in the treatment with a density of 50% with number of organisms for 25 individuals at 12th hours and control treatment without organisms at the 16th hour, namely 63% from the initial level of 72.
48 mg/L 54 mg/L.
Organic matter content at zero hour of organic material had not undergone decomposition.
The levels of organic matter began to decrease at the 4th hour because before the treatment of the Tutut Jawa snails (F.
and Susuh Kura snails (S.
, their stomachs were emptied so that the snails consumed large amounts of organic matter.
The decrease in organic matter at the 8th hour was due to it was reabsorbed and digested by the snails.
The organic matter had increased at the following hour, it was possible that the snails began to excrete feces and their metabolic results.
Control treatment also has a high percentage of organic matter reduction that is caused by endogenous bacteria in active waste under controlled conditions.
Figure 1.
The results of measurement of total organic matter in catfish (Clarias sp.
) aquaculture wastewater with Tutut Java snails (Filopaludina javanic.
Figure 2.
The results of measurement of total organic matter in catfish (Clarias sp.
) aquaculture wastewater with freshwater gastropods (Sulcospira testudinari.
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan JIPK.
Volume 13 No 1.
April 2021 / The effectiveness of Filopaludina javanica and Sulcospira testudinaria in reducing organic.
Tabel 1.
The water quality Measurement Organism Treatment Temperature .
C) Dissolved Oxygen .
g/L) 80 Ae 6.
Density 75% .
Individual.
16- 7.
Density 50% .
Individual.
19 Ae 20.
Density 25% .
Individual.
9 Ae 20.
Control (Without Organism.
1 Ae 20.
Density 100% .
Individual.
Density 75% .
Individual.
Density 50% .
Individual.
Density 25% .
Individual.
Control (Without Organism.
Density 100% .
Individual.
Tutut Jawa Snail (Filopaludina javanic.
Susuh Kura Snail (Sulcospira testudinari.
Parameters The significance value of the observation time from factorial ANOVA in the treatment with the addition of Tutut Jawa snail (F.
obtained was 0.
which was smaller than 0.
05 and the organism density treatment factor obtained was 0.
000 less than 0.
05, so it meant that the time factor and organism density affected the reduction of total organic matter.
The interaction between time and treatment density signification value 602 was greater than 0.
05, so it did not affect the decrease in total organic matter.
In the treatment with the addition of Susuh Kura snails (S.
the significance value of the time factor was obtained 000 less than 0.
05, so that the time factor affected the decrease in total organic matter.
The organism density treatment factor obtained 059, greater than 0.
05, so that the organism density factor did not affect the decrease in total organic The interaction between time and treatment density signification value of 0.
857 was greater than 05, so it did not affect the decrease in total organic Duncan test was carried out to determine which treatment could reduce the total organic matter content to the lowest level and the fastest time.
Duncan test results showed that the most effective treatment to reduce the total organic matter content in aquaculture wastewater was treatment with the addition of Tutut Jawa snail (F.
with a density of 38 individuals at the 12th hour with a total organic matter content of 5.
31 mg/L, while the treatment with the addition of Susuh Kura (S.
was found in the treatment with a density of 13 individual.
at the 8th hour of 9.
35 mg/L.
The results of temperature measurements in the treatment with the addition of Tutut Jawa snail (F.
ranged from 18.
90A C to 20.
80A C, while the treatment with the addition of Susuh Kura snails (S.
ranged from 19.
5A C to 25A C (Table The results of the dissolved oxygen measurement in the treatment with the addition of Tutut Jawa snail (F.
ranged from 5.
80 to 6.
98 mg/L, while the treatment with the addition of Susuh Kura snails (S.
ranged from 7.
3 to 9.
6 mg/L.
The results of pH measurements in the treatment with the addition of Tutut Jawa snails (F.
ranged from 7.
13 to 7.
while the treatment with the addition of Susuh Kura snails (S.
ranged from 7.
04 to 7.
Copyright A2021 Universitas Airlangga April 2021 Lailiyah et al.
/ JIPK, 13.
:116Ae123 Levels of organic matter that is allowed in the aquatic environment range from 10-60 mg/L (Indriyastuti et al.
, 2.
Macrozoobenthos is closely related to the presence of organic matter contained in waters as a source of nutrients.
However, if the organic matter content exceeds the tolerance threshold, it is considered as a pollutant (Choirudin et al.
, 2.
Gastropods utilize organic material as food through a food filtering system which is known as a filter feeder (Gea et al.
, 2.
Gastropods collect food with the posterior part of the leg attached to the substrate and the anterior to form a funnel that captures material by ciliary motion.
The captured organic material is tied with a lender pedal, collected at the bottom of the funnel, and digested using the jaw and radula (Saveanu and Martyn.
The optimal time to reduce the total organic matter is 8 hours.
In the next hour, the total organic matter would rise again due to the organismAos metabolic Total levels of organic matter in water can come from the metabolism of aquatic organisms (Riniatsih.
Furthermore, the wastewater could be discharged into public waters or reused for cultivation after soaking the waste to reduce organic matter for 8 hours.
Conclusion The total organic matter content during the observation in the treatment with the addition of Tutut Jawa snail (F.
ranged from 5.
31 to 19.
47 mg/L and treatment with the addition of Susuh Kura snail (S.
ranged from 9.
35 - 26.
55 mg/L.
This is in accordance with the Decree of the State Minister for population an Environment Number 2 of 1988 concerning wastewater Quality Standards which states that the total organic material quality standard for waters is 80 mg/L (Supriyantini et al.
, 2.
Increasing the content of organic matter in waters can also increase the types of organisms that are able to withstand polluted waters, one of which is Tubifex sp.
High organic matter causes dissolved oxygen in the water to be low, in this condition, organisms such as Tubifex sp.
can live well (Fisesa et al.
, 2.
AuthorsAo Contribution Organisms such as shellfish and gastropods can live in waters with temperatures of 11oC to 29oC (Purnomo et al.
, 2.
In general, gastropods need temperatures of more than 20AC to be able to grow and develop properly (Erlinda et al.
, 2.
Water conditions with dissolved oxygen levels between 6.
2 to 10 mg/L are favored by organisms from the gastropods class .
(Sahin and Albayrak, 2.
Gastropod organisms have a certain pH range in their survival.
The ideal pH value for aquatic organisms is between 7 to 8 (Igho et al.
The composition of organic matter can cause a decrease or increase in water pH because when the decomposition process occurs, organic matter will produce acid (Yuningsih et al.
, 2.
The addition of Tutut Jawa snails (F.
and Susuh Kura snails (S.
to catfish aquaculture wastewater treatment with different numbers of individuals can reduce levels of organic matter to a level that is in accordance with water quality Therefore, to reduce the total organic matter can use Tutut Jawa snails (F.
for 12 hours and Susuh Kura Snails (S.
for 8 hours.
The Tutut Jawa snail can reduce organic matter by 92% .
75 mg/L to 5.
31 mg/L) and the Susuh Kura snail by 87% .
48 mg/L to 9.
35 mg/L).
The Tutut Jawa snails and Susuh Kura snail can be used as organisms in the processing of aquaculture waste because they have filter feeder properties, namely filtering organic matter in the water column.
Acknowledgement Thank you to Neni Dyah Kusumaning Arum, and Catur Budi Noviya for giving permission to publish their research results.
Thanks to Prof.
Dr.
Ir.
Diana Arfiati.
MS and Dr.
Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika.
Pi.
MP for his guidance.
Author Contribution All authors have contributed to the final manuscript.
The contributions of each author are as follows.
Shofiyatul Lailiyah.
Neni Dyah Kusumaning Arum, and Catur Budi Noviya collected data.
Shofiyatul Lailiyah compiled the manuscript.
Diana Arfiati and Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika revised the article.
Funding Information The funding of this research was financed References