Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. 1 Ae January Ae June 2024. page 77-88 p-ISSN: 2655-2418. e-ISSN: 2655-7630 journal homepage: https://ejournal. DOI : 10. 37430/jen. Article history: Received: November 30th, 2023 Revised: December 17th, 2023 Accepted: January 9th, 2024 Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya Mauk District Tami Rachmayanti S e-mail : tamikhin@gmail. Assyifa Midwifery Academy Tangerang. Indonesia Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the factor associated with exclusive breastfeeding at posyandu margamulya, mauk district. This study used a quantitative research design with cross sectional method. The population of this study were mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months. The samping technique used total sampling with a number of respondents 43 people. Data collection tools using questionnaire abd The results showed that the majority of mothers did not exclusively breastfeed, amounting to 26 mothers . ,5%), based on the age of the majority of mothers aged 20-35 years amounted to 20 mothers . ,5%), based on education, the majority of mothers with low education were 27 mothers . ,8%), based on work, the majority og working mothers are 30 mothers . ,8%), based on parity, the majority of primiparous mothers were 25 mothers . ,1%), based on knowledge the majority of mothers have sufficient knowledge of 20 mothers . ,5%), based on husbandAos support, amounting to 23 mothers . ,5%). The results of statistical tests with kai squared of 6 variabels all have a relationship with exclusive breastfeeding. Based on the results of the research, the suggestion put forward is that mothers at the margamulya posyandu are expected to further improve their ability to maintain the health of their babies through exclusive breastfeeding and their husbandAos motivation is needed to support the mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Keyword: Exclusive Breastfeeding. Age. Education. Work. Parity Introduction The Sustainable Development Goals in The 2030 Agenda For Sustainable Development targets that by 2030 it can reduce the neonatal mortality rate by at least 12 per 1,000 live births and deaths in children under 6 years of age by at least 25 per 1,000 live births. This can be achieved, one of the ways, is by However, only 44% of newborn babies in the world receive breast milk within the first hour of birth. In fact, there are still very few babies under 6 months of age who are exclusively breastfeeding in Central Africa is 25%. Latin America and the Caribbean is 32%. East Asia is 30%. South Asia is 47%, and developing countries is 46%. Overall, less than 40% of babies under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. This is not in accordance with WHO's target, breastfeeding in the first 6 months to at Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya least 50%. This is WHO's fifth target in In Indonesia, 29. 5% of babies are exclusively breastfed until the age of 6 This is not in accordance with the target of the Ministry of Health's Strategic Plan for 2015-2019, namely the percentage of babies aged less than 6 breastfeeding is 50%. Exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Indonesia has also not reached the expected results, namely 80%. Data from the 2010 Health Research and Development Agency shows that only 3% of babies receive exclusive breast milk in Indonesia. Banten Province in 2011 experienced a decline from the previous year, where exclusive breastfeeding covered 55,973 . 2%) while in 2010 exclusive breastfeeding in Banten Province covered 69,180 . 9%) (Banten Provincial Health Service, 2. Based on statistical data from research and development in the city of Tangerang in 2010, it shows that all Tangerang subdistricts have breast milk coverage below the Ministry of Health's target of 80%, one of which is Jatiuwung District. Based on a preliminary study at the Jatiuwung Public Health Center in Tangerang, exclusive breastfeeding coverage in 2013 was only 12. The coverage of breastfeeding in Indonesia is shown in the 2014 Indonesian Health Profile, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is still 52. while the program target in 2014 is 80%. This shows that the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding has not reached the target. In Banten Province in 2014, breastfeeding coverage was 65%. Efforts to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Tangerang Regency in accordance with Regent's Regulation Number 95 of 2014 concerning exclusive breastfeeding have been carried out with increasing the capacity of officers and promoting exclusive breastfeeding as well as preparing a regular framework. 2013, breastfeeding counseling training was carried out. There are 43 community health center nutrition workers providing food for babies and children. The results of exclusive breastfeeding coverage in 2010 were 32. 2%, in 2011 it was 39. in 2012 it was 42. 36%, in 2013 it was 92% and in 2014 it was 47%. The growth and development of children is influenced by exclusive breastfeeding in the first 0-6 months of birth because breast milk is the most perfect nutritional substance for babies because it contains antibodies so that children rarely get sick so they do not experience weight loss and by breastfeeding a bond of affection between mother and mother is created. baby thereby affecting fetal development. The results of research conducted by Andria, et al . show that the results of measuring development p value = 048, and the results of measuring growth p value = 0. So it can be concluded that of 1762 people, there were 5 babies' weight below the red line . 28%) and there were 38 people with developmental delays . 16%). Breastfeeding is known as one that has the strongest influence on a child's survival, growth and development. Research states that early initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour can prevent 22% of deaths of babies under 1 month of age in developing countries. Achieving 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding depends on the success of early initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, along with providing complementary foods and continuing breastfeeding from 6 months to 2 years, can reduce at least 20% of deaths in children under five. Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya Based on data from Susenas (National Socioeconomic Surve. in 2010, only 33. 6% of babies aged 0-6 months were exclusively breastfed. Even the 2010 Basic Health Research (Riskesda. stated that only 15. 3% of babies aged less than 6 months were exclusively breastfed. Data on exclusive breastfeeding in Banten province in 2009 included 65,437 . 85%) exclusive breastfeeding providers. This situation is very worrying, because less than 1% of women actually produce less breast milk and need to get additional milk for their Based on the results of a preliminary survey, researchers conducted interviews with mothers who had babies in Margamulya village, it turned out that 7 out of 10 babies had not been given exclusive breast milk for 6 months. Because there are still many babies under the age of 6 months who have been given MPASI such as bananas or milk porridge by their mothers. Because they think that if they only give breast milk, their baby will not be full. The purpose of this study was to determine the factor associated with exclusive breastfeeding at posyandu margamulya, mauk district in this study were all mothers who had babies 0-6 months who visited Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Tangerang Regency, namely 43 people. The sampling technique in this research is total sampling. In research on maternal education, maternal age, maternal occupation, maternal knowledge and parity are independent variables. In this study, exclusive breastfeeding is the dependent The research instrument used was a questionnaire to collect data on exclusive breastfeeding, mother's age, mother's parity, mother's occupation, mother's education, mother's knowledge, and husband's support. The questionnaire that will be used is a questionnaire that has been modified from the research questionnaire of Hajijah, et al. , 2012. The data analysis used in this research is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. Results Univariate analysis Table 1 Distribution of frequency of exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya Mauk District Method This research uses a quantitative research design with a cross sectional method to determine the relationship between education, age, employment, knowledge, parity and husband's support for exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Data collection on independent and dependent variables was carried out through direct interviews with respondents using questionnaire tools. The population in this study were all mothers with babies 0-6 months who visited in July-August 2021 at Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Tangerang Regency, namely 43 people. The sample Exclusive Breastfeeding Yes Total Frequency (F) Percentage (%) 39,5% 60,5% Based on the table above, it shows that of the 43 mothers who had babies 06 months who visited Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Tangerang Regency, there were 26 people . who did not provide exclusive breastfeeding and 17 people . who provide exclusive breastfeeding. Table 2 Frequency distribution based on mother's age at Posyandu Margamulya Mauk District Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya Mother's age Frequency (F) <20 years 20-35 years >35 years Total Percentage (%) 30,2% 46,5% 23,3% Based on the table above, it shows that of the 43 mothers who had babies 06 months who visited Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Tangerang Regency, there were 13 people . who were < 20 years old, 20 people . 5%) who aged 20-35 years and 10 people . 3%) aged > 35 years. Table 3 Frequency distribution based on maternal education at Posyandu Margamulya Mauk District Mother's Low Higher Total Frequency (F) Percentage (%) 62,8% 37,2% Based on the table above, it shows that of the 43 mothers with babies 0-6 Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Tangerang Regency, there were 27 people . who had low education and 16 people . 2%) who had high education. Table 4 Frequency distribution based on mother's occupation at Posyandu Margamulya Mauk District Mother's Work Doesn't Total Frequency (F) Percentage (%) 69,8% 30,2% Based on the table above, it shows that of the 43 mothers with babies aged 0-6 months who visited Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Tangerang Regency, there were 30 people . who worked and 13 people . 2%) who did not work. Table 5 Frequency distribution based on parity at Posyandu Margamulya Mauk District Parity Frequency (F) Primipara Multiparous Total Percentage (%) 58,1% 41,9% Based on the table above, it shows that of the 43 mothers who have babies 0-6 months who visited Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Tangerang Regency, there were 25 people . whose parity was primipara and 18 people . 9%) whose parity was including multiparas. Table 6 Frequency distribution based on mother's knowledge at Posyandu Margamulya Mauk District Mother's Frequency (F) Not enough Enough Good Total Percentage (%) 32,6% 46,5% 20,9% Based on the table above, it shows that of the 43 mothers who have babies 0-6 Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Tangerang Regency, there were 14 people . who had little knowledge, 20 people . 5%) who had sufficient knowledge. and 9 people . 9%) who had good Table 7 Frequency distribution based on husband's support at Posyandu Margamulya Mauk District Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Husband's Frequency (F) Percentage (%) Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya Does not Support Total 53,5% 46,5% Based on the table above, it shows that of the 43 mothers who have babies 0-6 Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. Tangerang Regency, there were 23 people . who were not supported by their husbands and 20 people . 5%) who were supported by their husbands. Bivariate analysis The relationship between maternal age and exclusive breastfeeding Table 8 The relationship between maternal age and exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District No. Mother's age Exclusive Breastfeeding Not Exclusive Exclusive Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Amount XA Count XA Table 9,019 5,991 <20 years . ,3%) . ,7%) . %) . ,0%) . ,0%) . %) 20-35 years >35 years Total ,0%) ,0%) ,5%) ,5%) The research results in the table above show a cross tabulation between It turns out that of the 13 people aged < 20 years there were 12 people . 3%) who did not give exclusive breast milk and 1 person . 7%) who gave breast milk. 6 people . 0%) who did not give exclusive breast milk and 4 people . 0%) who gave exclusive breast milk. From the results of the statistical test using chisquare, it was found that the calculated XA was greater than the XA table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between the mother's age and exclusive breastfeeding at the Margamulya Posyandu. The relationship between maternal education and exclusive breastfeeding Table 9 Relationship between maternal education and exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District No. Mother's Exclusive Breastfeeding Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Amount XA Count XA Table Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya Not Exclusive Breastfeeding Exclusive Breastfeeding . ,1%) . ,9%) . %) . ,5%) . ,5%) . %) . ,5%) . ,5%) . %) Low Tall Total The research results in the table above show a cross tabulation between maternal education and exclusive It turns out that of the 27 people with low education, there were 20 people . 1%) who did not give exclusive breast milk and 7 people . 9%) who gave exclusive breast milk. Meanwhile, of the 16 people with higher education, there were 6 people . who did not give exclusive breastfeeding and 10 people . 5%) who gave 4,196 3,841 exclusive breast milk. From the results of statistical tests using chi-square, it was found that the calculated XA was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was education and exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. The relationship between maternal Table 10 Relationship between mother's employment and exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District Mother's job No. Exclusive Breastfeeding Not Exclusive Exclusive Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Amount XA Count XA Table 5,209 3,841 Work ,3%) ,7%) ,8%) ,2%) ,5%) ,5%) Doesn't work Total The research results in the table above show a cross tabulation between It turns out that out of 30 Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya people who work there are 22 people . 3%) who do not give exclusive breast milk and 8 people . 7%) who give exclusive breast milk, while Of the 13 people who do not work, there are 4 people . 8%) who do not provide exclusive breastfeeding and 9 people . From the results of the statistical test using chi-square, it was found that XA Count was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between the mother's job and Margamulya Posyandu. The relationship between parity and exclusive breastfeeding Table 11 Relationship between parity and exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. No. Parity Exclusive Breastfeeding Not Exclusive Exclusive Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Amount XA Count XA Table 4,577 3,841 Primipara ,0%) ,0%) ,9%) ,1%) ,5%) ,5%) Multiparous Total The results of the research in the table above show a cross tabulation It turns out that of the 25 people who were included in primiparous parity, there were 19 people . 0%) who did not give exclusive breast milk and 6 people . 0%) who gave exclusive breast milk. Meanwhile, of the 18 people who were multiparous, there were 7 people . 9%) who did not give exclusive breastfeeding and 11 people . 1%) who gave exclusive breast milk. From the results of statistical tests using chi-square, it was found that XA Calculated was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. The relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding Table 12 Relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. No. Mother's Not enough Exclusive Breastfeeding Not Exclusive Exclusive Breastfeeding Breastfeeding . ,6%) . ,4%) Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Amount XA Count XA Table . %) 7,598 5,991 Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya No. Mother's Exclusive Breastfeeding Not Exclusive Exclusive Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Amount XA Count XA Table Enough . ,0%) . ,0%) . %) . ,2%) . ,8%) . %) . ,5%) . ,5%) . %) Good Total The research results in the table above show a cross tabulation between mother's knowledge and exclusive It turns out that of the 14 people who had less knowledge, there were 11 people . 6%) who did not give exclusive breast milk and 3 people . 4%) who gave exclusive breast milk. Of the 20 people who had sufficient knowledge, there were 13 people . 0%) who did not give exclusive breastfeeding and 7 people . 0%) who gave exclusive breast milk, while of the 9 people who had good knowledge there were 2 people . 2%) who did not give exclusive breast milk and 7 people . 8%) who gave exclusive breast milk. From the results of statistical tests using chi-square, it was found that XA Calculated was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. The relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding Table 13 Relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. Mauk District. No. Husband's Does not Exclusive Breastfeeding Not Exclusive Exclusive Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Amount ,6%) ,4%) ,0%) ,0%) ,5%) ,5%) Support Total Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. XA Count XA Table 8,249 3,841 Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya The research results in the table above show a cross tabulation between It turns out that of the 23 people who were not supported by their husbands, there were 19 people . who did not give exclusive breast milk and 4 people . 4%) who gave exclusive breast milk. , while of the 20 people who were supported by their husbands, there were 7 people . who did not give exclusive breastfeeding and 13 people . 0%) who gave exclusive breast milk. From the results of statistical tests using chi-square, it was found that XA Calculated was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya. Discussion Exclusive breastfeeding The results of research conducted using statistical tests using univariate analysis, it shows that of the 43 respondents, the majority of mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months who do not give exclusive breast milk are a total of 26 mothers . 5%) while those who give exclusive breast milk are a total of 17 mothers . 5%). This is because mothers still do not really understand the knowledge and benefits of exclusive The results of this research are in accordance with research conducted by Zakiyah . , in Semanan Village. Kalideres District. West Jakarta, of the 82 respondents who did not provide exclusive breastfeeding, there were 53 mothers . 6%) and 29 mothers who provided exclusive breastfeeding . 4%). The relationship between maternal age and exclusive breastfeeding The results of research carried out using statistical tests using chi-square, it was found that the calculated XA was greater than the XA table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between the mother's age and exclusive breastfeeding. The results of this research are in accordance with research conducted by Ida . in the working area of the Kemiri Muka Community Health Center. Depok City with a total sample of 172 mothers and stated that there was no relationship between mother's age and exclusive breastfeeding. However, the results of this study are not in accordance with the previous opinion which stated that the mother's age affects breast milk In theory, younger mothers can produce more breast milk than older and 20-35 years old is a safe age for reproduction and in general mothers at that age have better lactation abilities than mothers over 35 years old. The relationship between maternal The results of the research carried out using statistical tests using chi-square showed that the calculated XA was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was education and exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers with higher education are 4 times more likely to provide exclusive breastfeeding than mothers with low The results of this research are in accordance with research conducted by Susilawati at the Padang Bulan Health Center. Medan, that the mother's education level influences exclusive Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya In theory, education has an impact on increasing a person's insight or knowledge, someone with higher education will have broader knowledge compared to someone with a lower level of education. Education has a big influence on exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers with higher education are more aware of the psychological and physiological benefits so that higher levels of education tend to provide exclusive breastfeeding. The relationship between maternal employment status and exclusive The results of research carried out using statistical tests using chi-square showed that XA Calculated was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between mother's work and exclusive breastfeeding. Work is related to exclusive breastfeeding where nonworking mothers are 16. 4 times more likely to provide exclusive breastfeeding than working mothers. The world of work will change the role of mothers in caring for children. The relatively long postnatal leave and long working hours are factors in mothers switching to formula milk and mothers weaning their This is also in accordance with research conducted by Ida which stated that the mother's employment status is related to exclusive breastfeeding. theory, it states that busyness due to working outside the home prevents mothers from breastfeeding their children The limited time for maternity and childbirth leave for working mothers means that the period of exclusive breastfeeding cannot last long because the mother has to return to work. This results in hampered efforts to provide exclusive breastfeeding The relationship between parity and exclusive breastfeeding The results of the research carried out using statistical tests using chi-square showed that XA Count was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between parity and exclusive The results of this study are in accordance with research conducted by Ogunlesi, which stated that there was no relationship between parity and exclusive breastfeeding. However, this research is in accordance with the statement, stating that with an increase in parity, there is a slight change in breast milk production, although it is not The volume of breast milk increases after the birth of the first child and will decrease after the birth of the fifth child. The relationship between maternal The results of the research carried out using statistical tests using chi-square showed that XA Count was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding. The results of this research are in accordance with research by Husna . , at the Garuda Community Health Center. Pekan Baru City, which stated that 46. 9% of wellinformed mothers gave exclusive breast milk to their babies. Mothers who have good knowledge will provide exclusive 47 times compared to mothers who have less knowledge. In theory, domain knowledge is very important for the formation of a person's Adequate maternal knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding will motivate mothers to provide exclusive mothers who have good knowledge regarding the duration of Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya exclusive breastfeeding without any food, the benefits of breastfeeding, things that influence the volume of breast milk, the nutrients contained in breast milk, frequency of breastfeeding and signs that the baby is getting enough breast milk. Exclusive successful in part because of the respondents' knowledge about the benefits and importance of giving only breast milk for 6 months. The relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding The results of the research carried out using statistical tests using chi-square showed that XA Count was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding. The results of this research are in accordance with previous research conducted, in the West Bekasi Community Health Center working area which stated that there was a significant relationship between Mothers who receive husband support are 12. 98 times more likely to provide exclusive breastfeeding than Mothers need emotional support, information and help from their This support will be effective if there is a mutually supportive relationship between mother and Routine household work makes mothers tired and stressed so they need support from their husbands. Support in the form of help with household chores makes mothers calm and relaxed so that mothers can produce enough breast milk for their babies. Husbands play a very big role in the process of exclusive Conclusion Distribution of frequency of exclusive breastfeeding based on age, the majority are mothers aged 20-35 years with a total of 20 mothers . 5%). From the results of the statistical test using chi-square, it was found that the calculated XA was greater than the XA table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between the mother's age and exclusive breastfeeding. Distribution of frequency of exclusive breastfeeding based on education, the majority are mothers with low education with a total of 27 mothers . 8%). From the results of statistical tests using chi-square, it was found that XA Calculated was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a education and exclusive breastfeeding. Distribution of frequency of exclusive breastfeeding based on work, the majority of mothers are working, a total of 30 mothers . 8%). From the results of the statistical test using chisquare, it was found that XA Calculated was greater than XA Table, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between the mother's job and exclusive Distribution of frequency of exclusive breastfeeding based on parity, the majority are mothers who have only had one child, a total of 25 mothers . 1%). From the results of statistical tests using chi-square, it is found that XA Calculation is greater than XA Table, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship Distribution of frequency of exclusive breastfeeding based on mother's knowledge, the majority are mothers Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol. 7 No. Tami Rachmayanti | Factors Related to Exclusive Breastfeeding at Posyandu Margamulya who have sufficient knowledge with a total of 20 mothers . 5%). From the results of statistical tests using chisquare, it is found that XA Count is greater than XA Table, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning there is a relationship between mother's Frequency distribution based on exclusive breastfeeding based on husband's support, the majority are husbands who do not support a total of 23 people . 5%). 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