PENA
JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN TEKNOLOGI
p-ISSN: 0854-7521 e-ISSN: 2301-6450 Vol.
39 No.
1 Maret 2023 Hal.
85- 90
https://jurnal.
id/index.
php/pena Detection of Mycobacteria in Poultry Farming Areas in Malang Regency.
East Java: A One Health Approach Siti Kurniawati1*.
Najma Ramadhani2.
Diaz Ayu Savitry2.
Roro Titah Pinasti2.
Miftahul Jannah2.
Jessica Ivana Alexsandra Tasumo2.
Averoes Gibraltar Makta2 1Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Universitas Brawijaya.
2Study Program of Veterinary Medicine.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Universitas Brawijaya Corresponding AuthorAos Email: sitikurniawati9@ub.
Article History Submitted:11/12/2024 Accepted:31/08/2025 Published:01/09/2025 ABSTRACT Background:Members of the genus Mycobacterium are notable pathogens of animals and humans.
Their ability to persist in farm environments makes them a potential source of zoonotic infection.
Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of Mycobacteria in poultry farm environments in Malang Regency.
East Java, using a One Health framework to understand implications for animal and human health.
Methods: Soil samples .
= .
were collected purposively from poultry farms across Malang Regency.
Samples were decontaminated according to World Health Organization protocols.
Acid-fast bacilli were detected using the ZiehlAeNeelsen staining technique.
Results: Two of the 25 samples .
%) were positive for acid-fast bacilli suggestive of Mycobacteria.
This low prevalence indicates the presence of Mycobacteria in the environment but suggests limited dissemination within the sampled farms.
Conclusions: The detection of Mycobacteria in farm soils highlights potential risks for poultry and farm Regular environmental surveillance and species-level identification are warranted to clarify transmission pathways and develop targeted control strategies.
Keywords: Mycobacteria.
Poultry farm.
Soil.
One Health.
Environmental Pena Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.
INTRODUCTION
The One Health recognizes the interdependence of human, animal and environmental One of the pressing challenges within this framework is zoonosis associated with Mycobacteria, a diverse genus that includes both obligate pathogens and opportunists.
Zoonotic infections caused by Mycobacteria demand cross-disciplinary attention because they threaten public health, animal welfare and environmental integrity (Mackenzie et al.
, 2014.
Jones et , 2.
Mycobacterial infections contribute to significant morbidity in livestock and may spill over to humans.
Previous non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) in various animal hosts (Holt et , 2.
In East Java.
Saptawati et al.
reported multiple NTM isolates in clinical samples, with a substantial proportion of infections occurring in Malang Regency is an agricultural region with a high density of poultry farms, creating conditions conducive to pathogen exchange between livestock and people.
The farm environment, interactions between humans and animals are critical factors shaping disease transmission (Cosivi et al.
, 2015.
(Gagneux, 2.
Members of the MTBC such as M.
cannetii and M.
africanum can cause tuberculosis in animals and humans.
addition, opportunistic NTM species like ((Kurniawati et al.
, 2018.
Satta et al.
Kurniawati et al.
, 2.
Despite recognition of these risks.
Mycobacteria in Indonesian livestock settings remains limited.
Understanding the presence and distribution of Mycobacteria in farm soils is essential for evaluating exposure risks and informing control measures.
This study applied a One Health perspective to detect Mycobacteria in poultry farming areas in Malang Regency.
East Java.
hypothesised that Mycobacteria would be present at detectable levels in soils collected from farm environments (Myller et al.
Harrisson et al.
Griffith et al.
, 2017.
Honda et al.
, 2.
RESEARCH METHODS
Study area and sampling strategy The study was conducted in Malang Regency.
East Java.
Indonesia, an area characterized by intensive poultry production.
A purposive random sampling strategy was used to capture ecological variation across farms.
Twenty-five soil samples were collected from the top layer of ground in different poultry farms distributed throughout the Sampling points were selected to represent variations in management practices and environmental conditions.
Sample Upon collecting, soil samples were transferred to sterile containers and transported on ice to the laboratory.
Decontamination World Health Organization guidelines .
Each soil sample was mixed with an equal volume of sterile distilled water, vortexed and centrifuged at 3000 y g 10 minutes.
The supernatant was discarded, leaving a Nama penulis | tiga hingga empat kata dari judul small volume for further analysis.
Acid-fast staining The presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was assessed using the ZiehlAeNeelsen A smear of the sediment was air-dried and heat-fixed on a glass slide.
Slides were flooded with carbol fuchsin, gently heated for five minutes, and rinsed with water.
Decolorization was performed with acid alcohol for 2Ae 3 minutes, followed by rinsing and counterstaining with methylene blue.
Slides were examined under 100y oil immersion for acid-fast organisms (WHO, 1998a.
Kurup et al.
, 2014.
Kurniawati et al.
, 2.
All staining procedures and microscopy were carried out at the Institute of Tropical Diseases.
Universitas Airlangga.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
From 25 soil samples analyzed, two samples were positive for acid-fast bacilli, yielding an estimated prevalence of 8 %.
The remaining 23 samples acid-fast Positive samples were recovered from farms located in different sub-districts, environmental contamination is not confined to a single area.
However, the overall low prevalence implies that Mycobacteria in poultry soils was not evident at the time of sampling.
This study provides preliminary evidence of Mycobacteria in poultry farm soils in Malang Regency.
The detection of acid-fast bacilli, albeit in a small fraction of samples, indicates the potential relevance of environmental reservoirs in the epidemiology of mycobacterial Previous demonstrated that Mycobacteria can survive for extended periods under contributing to their persistence and (Falkinham.
Inhalation of contaminated dust, ingestion of polluted feed or water, or exposure of skin lesions to contaminated materials are plausible routes of infection for animals and humans (Whipps et al.
Wassilew et al.
, 2.
The low prevalence observed may reflect effective hygiene practices or limited contamination at the sampled Nevertheless, even low-level environmental exposure could pose immunocompromised individuals or animals.
Comparisons with other regions are Cosivi et al.
caused by M.
bovis in developing countries, while Sattar et al.
isolated Mycobacterium avium and other NTM from chickens and captive birds in Malaysia.
These studies illustrate the diversity of mycobacterial species circulating in farm environments and highlight the importance of surveillance.
Our The sample size was modest and may not capture the full variability of mycobacterial contamination across the ZiehlAeNeelsen staining is practical but lacks the ability to differentiate at the species level.
Future work should incorporate culture and molecular methods to characterize isolates, quantify bacterial loads and assess antimicrobial resistance profiles.
Longitudinal sampling would also help determine temporal dynamics and evaluate the impact of interventions.
Conclusions The presence of Mycobacteria in soils from poultry farms in Malang Regency reservoirs of these bacteria exist East Java.
Indonesia.
Although only 8 % of samples were positive, the findings warrant attention because of potential risks to animal and human health.
Continued monitoring, coupled with species-specific One Health collaboration, is essential to inform risk assessments and guide preventative measures.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Universitas Brawijaya, for supporting this research under contract 746/UN10.
F13/2024.
Appreciation is also extended to the Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health of Malang Regency for their support of this study.
REFERENCES