SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON METONYMY EXPRESSIONS IN
MANADO MALAY
Nurmin F.
Samola1.
Sjuul Lendo2 English Education Department.
Faculty of Language and Arts Universitas Negeri Manado.
Tondano.
Indonesia Email: nurminsamola@unima.
Abstract : Metonymy according to the Great Dictionary of Indonesian is metonymia which means disclosure in the form of the use of names for other objects that are brands, distinctive features or attributes.
The purpose of this study is to describe words or phrases that point to the disclosure of metonymia in Manado Malay as well as explaining the meaning according to the context based on semantic lexial The data were collected by participatory observation among students majoring in English language education in UNIMA.
Then the data is analyzed according to the steps.
The results of the analysis showed that the use of metonymic speech was found in 5 categories based on Lakoff and Johnson's theory, namely:
container for content, part for whole, face for person, place for institution and producer for product.
In order not to have misunderstandings in communicating, every speaker must understand the meaning according to the context of the speech.
Keywords : Metonymy.
Semantic.
Manado Malay
INRODUCTION
Language is very important in human's life since its function as a means of communication (Rao, 2.
Manado Malay is a spoken language used by the people in North Sulawesi (Paath, 2.
is not only used by the people who live in Manado, but also by those who live in North Sulawesi Province namely Bitung.
Sangihe Talaud.
Minahasa.
Bolaang Mongondow and even in Gorontalo Province.
Each of this region has its own local language, but they use Mnado Malay asa a tool to communicate one another in informal situation instead of using Bhasaa Indonesia or other languages.
In this case.
Manado Malay is a language used by people in all social status in North Sulawesi and it has become a lingua Manado Malay plays an important role in unifying people.
In other words.
Manado Malay is the language used to share information one another.
Language is a part of culture and used as a medium of interaction in social life.
The language is mostly used in informal communication.
expression to say something in order to be accepted or understood (Hellstrom & Bensch, 2.
The expressions used are very much depending on speaker's will.
Some of the expressions spoken by the speakers icluding Manado Malay are indicating metonymy.
These expressions are found in daily communication, however to understand the words or phrases used someone should pay attention to the context which refer to metonymy (Law, 2022.
Putayeva, 2020.
Reyes.
Saldivar, 2.
We may hear Manado Malay speaker says "nanti sabantar jo ne, kita mo cuci piring dulu".
Basically the speaker does not mean to say that she is washing the plate only but actually washing the dishes or other untencils are also there like spoon, fork, glass, ect.
Other example of expressions "tambah akang satu gelas dang?" Semantically satu gelas means one entity, satu gelas JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
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here is showing quantity.
However, what is meant by the speaker is she wants some more glasses of juice.
Lakoff and Johnson .
identified metonymy as using one entity to refer to another that is related to Metonymy is used to express an entity to refer to another, related, entity from the same domain.
They further stated that, "metonymy is based on contiguity and Here, metonymy referred to the use of single characteristics to identify more complex
RESEARCH METHOD
This study is a qualitative research in which the data are gathered in form of words rather than numbers.
Hunter.
McCallum and Howes .
describe that qualitative research is descriptive.
The data are collected in in the form of words rather than numbers.
Thus, all the data are in the descriptive form.
The data were collected by doing participatory observation withe the researcher as the key instrument.
The procedures of analyzing data is used in the analysis of data.
The steps are unitizising.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION It is important for understanding language in its context, as they are likely to effect meaning, and for understanding varieties of language and styles.
The context is needed to be considered because in each expression, the context is also the factor which determines the meaning of it.
That is why, context is very important here to get the understanding of words and phrases used in metonymy expressions for the purpose of knowing what subject, object, or thing the speaker is referring to.
Some expressions in Manado Malay are sometimes confusing people to be understood (Luntungan, 2020.
Arbie & Bandung, 2021.
Utsumi, 2.
This is because when people use the expression meaningwithin the expressions.
The intended meaning here is the refrence of what the speaker said which was substituted by the metonymy word.
Metonymy is the relationship between words, based simply in a close connection in everyday experience (Wang, 2.
further stated that, it is our familiarity with metonymy that makes it possible for us to understand the expressions and it depends on an ability to infer what the speaker has in mind based on the context, background knowledge and inference.
From this argument we can say that in our daily life when we use metonymy expressions (Warburton.
White.
Littlemore, 2.
, means that the understanding of those expression depends very much on our ability, the context including the situation when we use the background to get the poit or the meaning of those.
It is important to know the characteristics or properties of metonymy by the categorization made by Lakoff and Johnson .
They are: .
Container for Content, .
Part for Whole, .
Face for Person, .
Place for Institution, .
Producer for Product.
Container For Contents Container for Content is metonymy category of usingthe container to state its So the container used will refer to its intended content of the speaker.
Here are the examples of data which fit this "Minum 10 Glas" Glas .
refers to the water and its This expression is categorized as Container for Contents because the word used refers to contents.
This is according to the situation where the people were talking about drinking water.
So, the glass here ferers to the water, when stated 10 glasses, meaning that the speaker did not drink ten glasses but refers to the amout of water they drank.
JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
Vol.
No.
1 June 2022 ISSN : 2548-7728 E.
ISSN : 2599-0373
"Minum 3 Botol" Botol .
refers to the alcoholic drinking as its contents .
3 botol .
refers to the amount of acoholic drinking the person had drunk.
This expression included in this category, because the botol .
refers to its contents.
the alcoholoc Then by saying that person had drunk tiga botol.
it was meant bya the speaker to inform how much alcoholic drink the person had drunk the night before.
"Isi Satu Liter" 1 liter .
ne lite.
refers to the contents of gasoline.
The words refer to content of gasoline used in bicycle of the speaker and his friend based on the context.
Because it could be impossible if the liter which is made of steel or iron to be filled in bicycle as the fuel.
So, liiter here representing Then, by saying isi satu liter, meaning that it was one liter of gasoline used by the speaker.
"Pake Kwa Tu Otak" 'Use your brain'.
Otak .
refers to the intelligence and reasoning of the person as the content of human' brain.
answering the questions on certain examination, the speaker suggested his friend to use the reasoning and intelligence which belongs to human being processed in the brain.
So, the speaker used the word That is why this metonymy expression is categorized as ContainerContent characteristics.
"So Makang Tiga Piring" 'Have eaten three plates'.
Piring .
refers to its contents.
Tiga piring .
hree plate.
refers to its contents.
plates of lunch.
The speaker did not eat the plate as the container of lunch, but he ate the content in the plate.
By saying so makang tiga piring, the speaker intended to say the amount of lunch eaten at that It was not meant that he had eaten three shalow or circulat things instead he had eaten three olates of lunch.
"Ambe Kita Pe Tas Di Rumah" 'Take my bag at home'.
Tas .
refers to its contents.
college files inside.
The speaker wanted her friend to get her stuffs in a bag that she left at home.
So, the bag here represented its contents, important college files in it.
"Satu Klas Da Pigi" 'One class going there'.
Klas .
refers to its member as the content.
The speaker said that the whole one class went to the party instead of saying the members of the class.
So, here klas represented the all students in class.
It did not mean that the square building walking to the party, but its members as the contents of :
"tiga toples kita da bawa" brought three jars' Toples .
as the container refers to the contents.
the butter cookies.
Tiga toples .
refer to the cookies amount and its contents.
Toples the speaker is actually saying the cookies inside.
Then, tiga toples represented the amount of the cookies were there in the jars.
So, it was not only the container the speaker brought from home but the whole contents including the amount of three jars.
Part For Whole Part for Whole category of metonymy is stating only a part of something is referring to the whole part of it.
So, it does not state all the part of something that the speaker wants to say, just pick a part that related to the intended one.
"Cuci Piring" 'Washing the plate'.
Piring .
refers to the whole dirty dishes, including spoons, forks, and glasses.
This expression is included in the Part for Whole category because the speaker washed not only the plates, but all the dirty dishes at the time.
The speaker just said that she washed one part of it piring to represent the whole dirty dishes.
JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
Vol.
No.
1 June 2022 ISSN : 2548-7728 E.
ISSN : 2599-0373
"Bli Akang Nasi" 'Buy me rice'.
Nasi .
the whole content of a lunch package, including fish and vegetable.
This expression is classified as Part for Whole category because the speaker intended to not only buy rice alone as a part of it but with actually the complete menu of lunch package.
fish and vegetable or sometimes they include fruit in it.
Face For Person "Banyak Muka-Muka Baru" 'So many new faces'.
Muka-muka .
describes a person or people.
In the expression of metonymy muka meant person or people.
In this situation, the speaker intended to say that there are many people just appeared then they are new people or persons.
The word muka as the substitution for the people or person.
"Nda Dapa-Dapa Lia Depe Muka" 'Never seen his face'.
Again muka .
here refers to spesific person known by the speaker and the listener.
Actually the speaker did not mean to say muka phisically but she meant the person who is the owner of the face itself.
So, instead of saying the person, the speaker substituted it with the word muka.
Place For Institution "UNIMA Mo Beking Wisuda Tiga Kali Satu Taon" 'UNIMA will hold three times graduation ceremony in a year'.
UNIMA
describes an institution, including the people or person who works on that In this expression, the speaker only state the place UNIMA which refers to the people who work in that institution or as the government officers.
UNIMA mo beking wisuda 3 kali satu taon.
government officer in UNIMA, could be rector or the officers, not the campus or the place where UNIMA is there.
"FBS Da Mo Beking Lomba Pidato Bahasa Inggris" 'FBS will be conducting English Speech Competition'.
This expression is classified as Place for Institution category of metonymy.
FBS here is representing not only a place but also an institution where people work as government officers or even students who is studying there.
Producer For Products "Kita Lebe Suka Mitsubishi Dari Pada Toyota" 'I'd prefer Mitsubishi than Toyota'.
This category of metonymy describes products of the producers.
The speakers state only the name of the producer, but what they intended to say actually the In the expression kita lebe suka Mitsubishi dari pada Toyota.
referred to the product of Mitsubishi such as Kuda.
product of Mitsubishi in Indonesia and Toyota for its product in Indonesia namely Kijang.
"Sony Ericson Kase Kala Nokia" 'Sony Ericson beats Nokia'.
Sony Ericson is used here to refer to the product not to the producer.
This is about the newest type of Sony Ericson cellular phone which beats Nokia with the new slide type.
The speakers intended to say the product of Sony Ericson (K900.
and Nokia (N.
by saying the producers.
Sony Ericson and Nokia.
CONCLUSION
After conducting the research about metonymy expression in Manado Malay, the researcher has some conclusions as the Metonymy is the use of ideas in form of words and phrases in the expressions to replace and represent other ideas which is based on the contiguity or closely connection between those ideas in everyday experience.
The metonymy expression has a reference to other things that related to it according to the context.
Metonymy expressions in Manado Malay consist of five categories proposed by Lakoff and Johnson .
, such as: .
Container for Contents, .
minum tiga makan tiga piring.
) .
Part for JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
Vol.
No.
1 June 2022 ISSN : 2548-7728 E.
ISSN : 2599-0373
Whole, .
cuci piring.
bli akang nasi.
) .
Face for Person, .
muka-muka baru.
nda pernah dapa lia depe muka.
) .
Place for Institution, .
UNIMA mo beking tiga kali wisuda tiap taon.
FBS mo beking lomba pidato.
) .
Producer for Product, .
Sony Ericson kase kala Nokia.
kita lebe suka Mitsubishi dari pada Toyota .
REFERENCES