Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2 Risman Sarifudin3 JMH .
Maret-2026, 59-68 Jurnal Media Hukum Vol.
14 Nomor 1.
Maret 2026 Doi : 10.
59414/jmh.
Disproportionality Analysis of Sainte-Laguy Method Using Gallagher Index in Banggai Regency Legislative Election 2024 Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2.
Risman Sarifudin3
1 ,2,3
Jurusan Ilmu Pemerintahan.
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik.
Universitas Tompotika Luwuk e-mail : andihartati.
1985@gmail.
com*, rahmadpalopafisip@gmail.
com, rismansarifudin@untika.
Article Abstract Kata Kunci Sainte-Lague.
Ketidakseimbangan.
Pemilihan Legislatif.
Indeks Kuadrat Terkecil (LS.
Partai Politik.
Keywords:
Sainte-Lague.
Disproporsionality.
Legislative Election.
Least Squares Index (LS.
Political Parties Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan menganalisis tingkat ketidakseimbangan antara suara yang diperoleh partai politik dan jumlah kursi yang mereka terima dalam Pemilihan Legislatif 2024 di Kabupaten Banggai.
Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Metode Sainte-Lague dalam mencapai representasi proporsional dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap tingkat ketidakseimbangan yang ditemukan dalam pemilihan legislatif di Kabupaten Banggai.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk menganalisis data hasil pemilihan umum legislatif 2024 di Kabupaten Banggai.
Analisis kuantitatif akan dilakukan menggunakan Indeks Least Squares (LS.
atau Indeks Gallagher untuk menentukan tingkat ketidakseimbangan antara persentase suara yang diperoleh partai politik dan persentase kursi yang mereka peroleh di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD).
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Indeks Gallagher pada tingkat distrik pemilihan menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan yang signifikan.
Namun, ketika dihitung untuk keseluruhan kursi di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD), indeks ini relatif kecil.
Di daerah pemilihan Kabupaten Banggai, hasil Indeks Gallagher menunjukkan rata-rata di atas 8 atau dalam rentang 5-10.
Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa interpretasi Indeks LSq/Gallagher terhadap sistem pemilu di Kabupaten Banggai menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan moderat.
Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara persentase suara dan jumlah kursi yang diperoleh, di mana beberapa partai mendapatkan lebih banyak atau lebih sedikit kursi dibandingkan dengan persentase suara yang mereka peroleh, hal ini dapat menyebabkan ketidakpuasan di kalangan pemilih.
Abstract This study aims to measure and analyze the level of disproporsionality between the votes obtained by political parties and the number of seats they receive in the 2024 legislative election ini Banggai Regency.
It also seeks to assess the effectiveness of the Sainte-Lague method ini achieving proportional representation and identify factors contributing to the level of disproporsionality found in the legislative election in Bangai Regency.
This research uses a quantitative approach to analyze the election results data from the 2024 legislative election in Banggai Regency.
The quantitative analysis will be conducted using the Least Squares Index (LS.
or Gallagher Index to determine the level of p-ISSN : 2337-5302.
e-ISSN : 2775-7595 Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2 Risman Sarifudin3 JMH .
Maret-2026, 59-68 disproporsionality between the percentage of votes obtained by political parties and the percentage of seats they receive in the legislative council.
The findings in this study show the the Gallagher Index at the electoral district level show significant disproporsionality.
However, whwn calculated for the overall seats in the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD), this index is relatively small.
In the electoral district of Banggai Regency, the Gallagher Index results indicate an average above 8 or within the range of 5-10.
This suggest that the LSq/Gallagher Index interpretation of the electoral system in Banggai Regency demonstrates moderate disproporsionality.
There is a significant diffrence between the percentage of votes and seats, some parties receive more or fewer seats compared to the percentage of votes the obtain, which can lead to dissatisfaction among voters INTRODUCTION The legislative election is one of the main pillars of democratic practice 1, where citizens cast their votes to elect representatives to the legislative body 2.
The legislative elections3 at the district level, including in Banggai Regency, are a crucial moment in determining the direction of policie and development for the region 4.
Banggai Regency, as one of the regencies in Central Sulawesi Province, has unique and diverse local political dynamics5 that reflect the needs and aspirations of its pluralistic society6.
According to data from the Banggai Regency General Election Commission (KPU), there are 271,439 registered voters 7.
A total of 5 electoral districs .
will compete for 34 legislative seats.
The Sainte-Lague method8, one of the seat allocation methods designed to achieve proportionality 9, has been used in various electoral systems, including in Indonesia.
This Method is known for its Ines Levin and Gabriel Katz.
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Yohanes Baptista Chrismayoga.
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p-ISSN : 2337-5302.
e-ISSN : 2775-7595 Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2 Risman Sarifudin3 JMH .
Maret-2026, 59-68 principle of prioritizing fairness and equality10 by placing less emphasis on the votes og large parties11, thus living smaller parties a better 12 chance of gaining representation13 in the legislative body14.
This method is regulated under Law Number 7 of 2017 on General Elections .
lection La.
However, despite its design aimed at proportionality16, the practical application of legislative elections often result in a certain level of disproportionality between the number of votes a party17 receives and the number of seats they obtain in legislative body.
Disproporsionality can create dissatisfaction among voter and political parties and may potentially reduce the effectiveness of political reprentation 18.
The Gallagher Index measures the relative disproporsionality of an electoral system between the votes received and the seats in the legislative body.
This index measures the difference between the percentage of votes each party19 receives and the percentage of seats each party obtains in the legislative body20.
The use of the Least Squares Index (Ls.
or Gallagher Index21 in this study aims to measure the level of disproporsionality in the result of the 2024 legislative elections in Banggai.
this analysis is expected to provide an overview of how effective the Sainte-Lague method is in creating Mouliza Kristhopher Donna Sweinstani.
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F Tawaang et al.
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AuEvaluating Legislative Districts Using Measures of Partisan Bias and Simulations,Ay SAGE Open 10, no.
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1177/2158244020981054.
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AuImplikasi Putusan Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Terhadap Proses Pemilu,Ay Diponegoro Law Journal 8, no.
: 36Ae58.
Ademar Borges de Sousa Filho.
AuThe Use of Votes Conferred to Ineligible Candidates in the Proportional System: A Proposal for Interpretation According to the Constitution of the Sole Paragraph of Art.
16-A.
Law n.
504/97,Ay Revista Opiniao Juridica 19, no.
31 (May 2.
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org/10.
12662/2447-6641OJ.
V19I31.
P196-223.
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AuPartai Politik Dan Perilaku Pemilih Di Indonesia (Studi Pada Pemilu Legislatif 2009, 2014.
Dan 2.
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1 (April 2.
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org/10.
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Sadik Haxhiu and Avni H.
Alidemaj.
AuRepresentative Democracy-Its Meaning and Basic Principles,Ay AUDJ 17, no.
2 (August 2.
: 76Ae91.
Taufikkurrahman Taufikkurrahman.
AuFungsi Partai Politik Pada Kekuasaan Eksekutif Dan Legislatif Berdasar Pada Sistem Pemerintahan Di Indonesia,Ay Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan 16, no.
2 (October 2.
: 145Ae53, https://doi.
org/10.
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M Rizqi Azmi and Riko Riyanda.
AuTinjauan Sistem Proporsional Terbuka Dalam Pemilu Legislatif 2019 Terhadap Dinamika Demokrasi Di Indonesia,Ay UIR Law Review 4, no.
2 (October 2.
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org/10.
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Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell.
AuThe Politics of Electoral Systems,Ay The Politics of Electoral Systems.
February 2006, 1Ae688, https://doi.
org/10.
1093/0199257566.
p-ISSN : 2337-5302.
e-ISSN : 2775-7595 Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2 Risman Sarifudin3 JMH .
Maret-2026, 59-68 proporsionality22 in Banggai Regency, as well as to edentify the factors that contribute to the observed disproporsionality.
METHOD
This Study employs a quantitative approach to analyze the result of the 2024 legislative election in Banggai Regency.
The quantitative analysis will be conducted by applying the Least Squares Index (LS.
or Gallagher Index 23 to measure the level of disproporsionality24 between the percentage of votes obtained by political parties and the percentage of seats they secure in the legislative council.
The data collected includes vote data, consisting of the percentage of total votes each political party received in the legislative elections, and seat data, including the number of seats each political party won in the Banggai Regency legislative council as a result of the 2024 legislative elections.
The data analysis step include: 1.
Data conversion by converting the number of votes and seats into percentages of the total to facilitate Difference and squaring calculation by calculating the difference between the percentage ov votes (V) and percentage of seats (S) for each party, and then squaring the difference.
Application of the LSq / Gallagher Index formula by using the formula: LSq=Oo2 yu.
cOIO Oe ycIIO)2 to calculate the overall disproporsionality between index of the election results.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The 2024 Legislative Elections held in Banggai regency were contested by 18 national parties, four of which are new parties.
The Banggai Regency General Election Commission (KPU) has designated four electoral districts, each with seat allocations adjusted according to the number of registered voters.
A total of 35 seats were allocated, the same as in the previous election.
The number of valid votes is a key indicator in determining voter participation and the legitimacy of election In this election, out of a total of 271,439 registered voters, 215,707 valid votes were counted.
This means that the voter turnout reached 78%, a figure that indicates active citizen engagement in the democratic process.
The number of valid votes reflects the validity of the votes cast, after excluding invalid votes, which may have resulted from technical errors or voter misunderstanding.
The following are the election results based on the seat allocations for each political party in the 2024 legislative elections in Banggai Regency.
Kenneth Benoit.
AuWhich Electoral Formula Is the Most Proportional? A New Look with New Evidence,Ay Political Analysis (July 381Ae88, https://doi.
org/10.
1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.
PAN.
A029822.
Sweinstani.
AuFormula Konversi Suara Sainte Lague Dan Dampaknya Pada Sistem Kepartaian:
Evaluasi Pemilu Serentak 2019.
Ay Gallagher Index Made Easy, 2016.
p-ISSN : 2337-5302.
e-ISSN : 2775-7595 Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2 Risman Sarifudin3 JMH .
Maret-2026, 59-68 Table 1.
Sainte-Lague Vote Conversion in Electoral District 1 Party Valid Divided Divided Divided Divided Divided Number Name Votes of Seats Golkar 15.
Gerindra 9.
PDIP
PAN
Nasdem 3.
PKB
Hanura 3.
PKS
Total Source: Reference .
Table 2.
Sainte-Lague Vote Conversion in Electoral District 2 Party Valid Divided Divided Divided Divided Divided Number Name Votes of Seats Golkar 23.
Gerindra 9.
PDIP
Nasdem 6.
PKB
PKS
Hanura
PAN
Total Source: Reference .
Table 3.
Sainte-Lague Vote Conversion in Electoral District 3
Party Name
Nasdem
Gerindra
Golkar
PDIP
PKB
PKN
Hanura
PAN
Total Valid Divided Divided Divided Divided Divided Number Votes of Seats Source: Reference .
p-ISSN : 2337-5302.
e-ISSN : 2775-7595 Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2 Risman Sarifudin3 JMH .
Maret-2026, 59-68 Table 4.
Sainte-Lague Vote Conversion in Electoral District 4 Party Valid Divided Divided Divided Divided Divided Number Name Votes of Seats Golkar 16.
PDIP
Gerindra 11.
Nasdem 6.
PKB
PAN
PKS
Hanura Total Source: Reference .
From the data above, it is evident that the Golkar Party dominated by securing 32% of the total valid votes.
This dominance can be interpreted as GolkarAos success in attracting voter support through an effective campaign strategy that resonates with the needs and aspirations of the people of Banggai Regency.
The election results in Banggai Regency also provide important insight into the political dynamics of the region.
The high number of valid votes reflects active citizen participation, while the distributionof votes among parties and legislative candidates to formulate their strategies moving forward.
By understanding their strenghts and weaknesses, they can more effectively respond to the needs of their constituents and contribute to the development of a stronger democracy.
Analysis of the Calculation Result
Percentage of Votes and Seat Allocation for Political Parties in the Electoral District 1
Nama Partai Persentase Jumlah Suara
Kursi
28,01 %
GOLKAR
GERINDRA
17,45 %
PDIP
11,57 %
PAN
6,45 %
NASDEM
6,14 %
HANURA
5,75 %
PKB
5,58 %
Total selisih dikuadratkan Jumlah / 2 Hasil Gallagher Index Persentase 22,22 % 22,22 % 11,11 % 11,11% 11,11% 11,11% 11,11% Indeks Gallagher (LS.
33,5241 22,7529 0,2116 21,7156 24,7009 28,7296 30,5809 162,2156 81,1078 9,05
Source: Reference .
p-ISSN : 2337-5302.
e-ISSN : 2775-7595 Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2 Risman Sarifudin3 JMH .
Maret-2026, 59-68
Percentage of Votes and Seat Allocation for Political Parties in the Electoral District 2
Nama Partai GOLKAR
GERINDRA
PDIP
NASDEM
PKB
Persentase Jumlah Suara
Kursi
37,79%
16,12 %
10,69 %
10,05 %
8,47 %
Total selisih dikuadratkan Jumlah / 2 Hasil Gallagher Index Persentase Indeks Gallagher (LS.
149,0841 15,0544 0,4761 0,0025 2,3409 166,958 83,479 9,13 Source: Reference .
Percentage of Votes and Seat Allocation for Political Parties in the Electoral District 3
Nama Partai NASDEM
GERINDRA
GOLKAR
PDIP
Persentase Jumlah Suara
Kursi
23,47%
21,16 %
20,37 %
10,05 %
Total selisih dikuadratkan Jumlah / 2 Hasil Gallagher Index Persentase Indeks Gallagher (LS.
2,3409 14,7456 21,4369 223,5025 262,0259 131,01295 11,44 Source: Reference .
Percentage of Votes and Seat Allocation for Political Parties in the Electoral District 4
Nama Partai GOLKAR
PDIP
GERINDRA
NASDEM
PKB
PAN
PKS
Persentase Jumlah Suara
Kursi
22,22%
15,86 %
15,65 %
8,70 %
6,35 %
5,14 %
4,93 %
Total selisih dikuadratkan Jumlah / 2 Hasil Gallagher Index Persentase 33,33 % 16,66 % 16,66 % 8,33 % 8,33 % 8,33 % 8,33 % Indeks Gallagher (LS.
123,4321 0,64 1,0201 0,1369 3,9204 10,1761 11,56 150,8856 75,4428 8,68
Source: Reference .
Based on the analysis of the data above, there is a situation where the Gallagher Index at the electoral district (Dapi.
level shows siginificant disproportionality.
In The electoral districts of Banggai Regency, the Gallagher Index results show an average above 8 or within the range of 5-10, indicating that the percentage of votes and seats.
Some parties gained more of fewer seats compared to the percentage of votes they received, which could lead to dissatisfaction among voters.
p-ISSN : 2337-5302.
e-ISSN : 2775-7595 Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2 Risman Sarifudin3 JMH .
Maret-2026, 59-68 Based on the result of the legislative election in Banggai Regency, the author identifies several factors that may contribute to disproportionality in the Sainte-Lague methode, including:
Scale and Data Aggregation At the electoral district level, the Gallagher Index is calculated based on the distribution of votes and seats in the district.
Disproportionality arises because the seats are not evenly distributed, and one party may dominate in the district.
For example, in electoral district 2 of Banggai Regency, the Gallagher Index is quite high at 9.
13, indicating moderate disproportionality.
Only five parties secured seats from a total of 10 available seats.
According to the data.
Golkar Party had a dominant share of the vote compared to other parties, winning five seats, or 50% of the total seats in that district.
Electoral District Size Smaller electoral district tend to produce less proportional results compared to larger district.
In smaller district, the limited number of seats can result in a distribution that does not accurately reflect the vote share.
This occurred in electoral district 3 of Banggai Regency, where the seat quota was only four.
The seat distribution became highly disproportional, as some parties failed to secure any seats despite receiving a significant share of the votes, resulting in a Gallagher Index of 11,44, indicating very high disproportonality compared to other dstrict.
Calculating and Rounding Decision The Sainte Lague method uses odd divisors .
,3,5 and so o.
to devide the number of votes each party receives and allocates seats.
Disproportionality can occur depending on how these numbers are rounded during the seat allocation process.
If two parties have nearly the same number of votes, rounding in the calculation may result in one party receiving more seats than the other.
CONCLUSION
Disproportionality in the electoral system has a significant impact on political representation and public trust.
Unfair representation, marginalization of smaller parties, and domination by larger parties can diminish political diversity and dynamics.
Voter dissatisfaction, declining voter turnout, erosion of trust in democratic institutions, and political polarization are some of the negative effects on public trust.
To maintain the health of democracy, it is important for policymakers to consider electoral system reforms that can enhance proportionality and more accurately reflect the will of the voters.
p-ISSN : 2337-5302.
e-ISSN : 2775-7595 Andi Hartati1*.
Rahmad Palopa2 Risman Sarifudin3 JMH .
Maret-2026, 59-68
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