INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
https://infor.
org/index.
php/infokum Lithium Battery Efficiency Analysis in Solar Power Plants (PLTS) for Rice Field Irrigation Water Pumps Deni Prabowo1.
Muhammad Erpandi Dalimunthe2.
Zuraidah Tharo3 Electrical Engineering Study Program.
Faculty of Science And Technology.
Pembangunan Panca Budi University.
Jln.
Jend.
Gatot Subroto Km.
4,5 Medan Provinsi Sumatera Utara Article Info Keywords:
Lithium Battery Efficiency in Solar Power Generation This is an open access article under the CC BY-NClicense ABSTRACT Solar Power Plant is a power generation system that uses solar energy to generate electricity.
PLTS components consist of solar panels, solar charger controller, battery and inverter.
Solar panels are used to convert solar energy into DC electrical energy.
The solar charger controller functions to regulate the voltage value distributed to the The battery is used to store electrical power and the inverter is used to convert DC current to AC.
In its use, the components installed on the PLTS need to know the efficiency percentage so that the amount of electrical energy utilization that can be generated can be This study aims to analyze the efficiency of electrical energy generation produced by solar panels with a capacity of 250 WP and a 2000 W inverter.
Tests were carried out 5 times within a 5-hour time span .
:00 WIB Ae 14:00 WIB) using a 350 W Water Pump load.
The test results showed that the solar panels were able to produce an average power of 76.
39 W, with the largest power reaching 86.
55 W.
The calculated solar panel efficiency was 15.
The battery efficiency, based on the highest power measured, reached 0.
The inverter's power output varied, averaging 919.
6 watts, with the highest output reaching 935 watts.
Corresponding Author:
Deni Prabowo Electrical Engineering Study Program.
Faculty of Science And Technology.
Pembangunan Panca Budi University.
Jln.
Jend.
Gatot Subroto Km.
4,5 Medan Provinsi Sumatera Utara prabowodeni03@gmail.
INTRODUCTION
Solar radiation received by the Earth's surface is a fundamental input for many aspects, especially as a crucial parameter in the application of solar cells as power generators.
The sun is a device that converts sunlight into electrical energy.
Indonesia, located along the equator, receives abundant sunlight year-round, with an average solar radiation intensity of 8 kWh/mA per day across the country.
The use of solar energy for solar power plants (PLTS) is highly sought after and is being developed throughout the country, with extensive research and testing underway.
This solar energy can be used to recharge batteries, thus reducing gas emissions that contribute to global warming.
To realize this use of solar energy, a device is needed to systematically and monitor battery charging and usage, ensuring efficient use of the PLTS.
A simple solar power plant converts sunlight into electrical energy.
Sunlight is a form of energy from natural resources.
This natural resource Lithium Battery Efficiency Analysis in Solar Power Plants (PLTS) for Rice Field Irrigation Water PumpsAeDeni Prabowo et.
1930 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
https://infor.
org/index.
php/infokum is already widely used to power communication satellites through solar cells.
These solar cells can generate unlimited amounts of electrical energy directly from the sun, without any rotating parts and without the need for fuel.
Therefore, solar cell systems are often described as clean and environmentally friendly.
Solar cell systems used on the Earth's surface consist of solar cell panels, a charge controller circuit, and a 12- to 24-volt DC A solar cell panel is a module consisting of several solar cells connected in series or parallel, depending on the size and capacity required.
The battery charge controller circuit in a solar cell system is an electronic circuit that regulates the battery charging process.
The controller can also regulate the battery voltage within a 12-volt range of 10%.
If the voltage drops to 10.
8 V, the controller will charge the battery using the solar panel as its power Charging occurs when there is sunlight.
If the voltage drop occurs at night, the controller will cut off the power supply.
After several hours of charging, the battery voltage will increase.
When the battery voltage reaches 13.
2 volts, the controller will stop charging.
Based on a journal written by Rusman entitled The Effect of Load Variation on the Efficiency of Solar Cells with a Capacity of 50 WP and a journal written by Munnik Haryanti et al.
entitled Solar Power Plants Using 50 Watt Solar Cells.
In the PLTS, a battery arrangement is used that is not separated so that when charging it takes a long time, because the battery has a large capacity or exceeds the specifications of the panel used.
The research uses a solar panel with a capacity of 50 WP with a charging voltage of 13.
2 V, meaning the current flowing is 50 WP / 13.
2 V = 3.
79 A.
If a battery with a capacity of 25 Ah is used, the time spent on charging is 25 Ah / 3.
79 A = 6.
6 hours or 6 hours 36 minutes, while the effective time of sunlight is 9 hours .
00 WIB - 17.
00 WIB) during this effective time the sun cannot shine every hour due to several factors, one of which is cloudy and rainy, so the battery cannot be fully charged in one day so that the use of large capacity batteries in the PLTS is inefficient, in this research a system will be designed that will control battery charging, and control the number of batteries used based on the load power and control the use of solar panels on the load so that the use of batteries in the PLTS can be more efficient.
METHOD
This research will utilize observation and data collection methods on solar panels and inverters over a period of time.
The voltage, current, and power data obtained will be analyzed using statistical methods and other analytical techniques.
The results will be used to determine the voltage and current characteristics, as well as the power efficiency of the solar panels, inverters, and batteries.
The solar power system used for data collection in this study consists of solar panels, a solar charger controller, batteries, an inverter, and a 175-watt water pump.
Solar panels are the main component of a photovoltaic (PV) system, converting energy from sunlight into The electricity produced is direct current (DC).
The power capacity of solar modules is measured in Watt-peak (W.
, which represents the maximum power a solar module can produce when the sunlight or solar radiation received is 1000 W/m2 and the ambient temperature is around 25AC.
The power and current generated by the solar modules will fluctuate depending on the intensity of the sunlight received.
The specifications Lithium Battery Efficiency Analysis in Solar Power Plants (PLTS) for Rice Field Irrigation Water PumpsAeDeni Prabowo et.
1931 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
https://infor.
org/index.
php/infokum of the solar panels used in this study can be seen in the table below:
Table 1.
Solar Panel Specifications Kreteria
Kapasitas Maximum Power
250 WP
Optimum Operating Voltage 30,3V Optimum Operating Current 8,25A Short Circuit Voltage 36,3V Short Circuit Current
8,75A
Ukuran Panel Surya 1645 x 995 x 50 mm The inverter converts DC current from the solar module to AC current.
The specifications of the inverter used in this study can be seen in the table below:
Table 2.
Inverter Specifications Kreteria Kapasitas Power Output 2000 Watt Input Voltage DC 24 V Output Voltage AC 220V Frequency 50 Hz Table 3.
Battery Specifications Kreteria Kapasitas Type Aki Kering Kapasitas 24 V Dimensi 20 cm x 30 cm x 15cm The power generated by the solar panels is stored in batteries and controlled by a solar charger controller based on the battery's charging voltage.
To ensure the power generated by the solar panels can be used by loads such as water pumps, an inverter is used to convert DC current to AC.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Solar Power Plant Current and Voltage Measurement Data The power analysis results are obtained from the following calculation:
P = V.
Where:
P = Power (Watt.
V = Voltage (Volt.
I = Current (Ampere.
The power analysis results for the solar panel output are as follows:
Table 4.
Results of Solar Panel Output Power Analysis Waktu (Wi.
Tegangan (V) Arus (V) Daya (Wat.
25,84 2,19 56,58 27,85 2,55 70,01 Lithium Battery Efficiency Analysis in Solar Power Plants (PLTS) for Rice Field Irrigation Water PumpsAeDeni Prabowo et.
1932 | P a g e
INFOKUM
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php/infokum Waktu (Wi.
Tegangan (V) Arus (V) Daya (Wat.
29,98 2,59 86,04 30,16 2,87 86,55 30,10 2,75 82,77 Based on the results of the solar panel power calculations as in the table above, a graph of power against time can be made as in the figure below.
Daya Panel Surya
90,00
86,04
80,00
86,55
82,77
70,01
70,00
60,00
56,58
50,00
40,00
Waktu (WIB) Figure 1.
Hourly Solar Panel Power Graph In the graphic above, there are 5 times of Solar Panel data collection.
Each measurement is carried out by recording the power generated by the solar panel.
Based on the figure, it can be seen that the solar panel output power varies with changes in voltage and current.
The largest power generated is 86.
55 W in the 4th measurement with a voltage of 30.
16 V and a current of 2.
87 A.
This shows that the solar panel output power is affected by the intensity of sunlight radiation received, so that when the intensity of sunlight is higher, the power generated also increases.
Table 5.
Inverter Input Power Analysis Results Waktu (Wi.
Tegangan (V) Arus (V) Daya (Wat.
24,25 2,17 52,62 24,15 2,50 60,37 24,35 2,55 62,09 24,55
2,85
69,96
24,40
2,70
65,88
In the table above, there are 5 inverter data measurements.
Each measurement is carried out by recording the inverter input power.
Based on the figure, it can be seen that the inverter input power varies in each measurement.
The largest power produced is 69.
W in the 4th measurement with a voltage of 24.
55 V and a current of 2.
85 A.
The input power of the inverter is affected by the power source used, such as solar panels or batteries.
The intensity of sunlight received by the solar panels and the condition of the battery Lithium Battery Efficiency Analysis in Solar Power Plants (PLTS) for Rice Field Irrigation Water PumpsAeDeni Prabowo et.
1933 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
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org/index.
php/infokum connected to the inverter can affect the input power.
The input power of the inverter shows the amount of power produced by the solar panels or batteries and will be converted into alternating current (AC) which is used to operate electrical loads.
Table 6.
Inverter Input Power Analysis Results Waktu (Wi.
Tegangan (V) Arus (V) Daya (Wat.
4,09 4,11 4,22 4,25 4,23 The table above shows five inverter data collection sessions.
Each measurement recorded the inverter's output power.
The figure shows that the inverter's output power varied with each measurement.
The highest power output was 935 W in the fourth measurement, with a voltage of 220 V and a current of 4.
25 A.
This inverter's output power is the result of converting DC electricity to AC, which is used to operate a water pump.
Table 7.
Battery Output Power Analysis Results Waktu (Wi.
Tegangan (V) Arus (V) Daya (Wat.
24,25 2,17 52,62 24,15 2,50 60,37 24,35 2,55 62,09 24,55
2,85
69,96
24,40
2,70
65,88
Battery Efficiency Calculation Based on the Input Voltage from the Solar Panel and the Output Voltage Entering the Inverter:
Efficiency () = 69.
96 x 100% = 0.
Solar Power Plant Efficiency Calculation Solar panel efficiency is calculated based on the ratio of the solar panel's output power to the input power, expressed as a percentage.
The manufacturer's calculation for solar panel efficiency is as follows:
PIn = J .
FF = VMax .
IMax VOc .
ISc POut = VOc .
ISc .
= POut x 100% PIn Where:
= Efficiency (%) Pout = Output power (Watt.
Pin = Input power (Watt.
Given:
J = 1000W/m2 .
tandard solar radiation intensit.
Lithium Battery Efficiency Analysis in Solar Power Plants (PLTS) for Rice Field Irrigation Water PumpsAeDeni Prabowo et.
1934 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
https://infor.
org/index.
php/infokum A = Solar Panel Area = 164.
5cm y 99.
5 cm = 16,367.
75 cm2 = 0.
16367 m2 Vmax = 30.
3V V
Imax = 8.
25 A Voc = 36.
Isc = 8.
So the calculation results are as follows: Input power calculation (Pi.
Pin = 1000 W/m2 y 0.
16367 m2 = 1636.
Fill Factor (FF) calculation:
FF = VMax.
IMax = 30.
3V 8.
25A = 0.
VOc .
ISc 3V .
Calculation of output power (Pou.
POut = VOc .
ISc .
= 36.
3 x 8.
75 x 0.
78 = 247.
Calculation of Solar Panel Efficiency Based on Manufacturer:
Efficiency ( ) = 247.
747 x 100% = 15.
From the calculation above, we can see the solar panel efficiency results obtained based on the manufacturer and measurements.
The table shows an average power efficiency of 11.
The manufacturer's power efficiency is 15.
Low power efficiency at certain times can be influenced by several factors, such as low sunlight intensity, weather conditions, and the condition of the solar panel itself.
CONCLUSION
Based on observation data on the solar power generation system, specifically the solar panel and battery components, the following conclusions were obtained: Measurements of the solar panel voltage and current revealed an average solar panel output of 76.
39 Watts, with the highest output reaching 86.
55 Watts.
The calculated solar panel factory efficiency The battery efficiency, based on the highest power at the time of measurement, was 0.
Low power output at certain times can be influenced by several factors, such as low sunlight intensity and weather conditions.
Measurements of the inverter power output varied, with an average of 919.
6 Watts, with a maximum output reaching 935 Watts.
REFERENCE