Kami.
, et.
eScience Humanity Journal 4 .
May 2024 Form.
Function and Meaning of Prefixes Pa- and Particle AeSi in Lio Ende Patrisius Kami1*.
Yakobus M.
Langkelang Niron2.
Adi Iswani Habiba GaAoa3 1,2,3 Universitas Aryasatya Deomuri.
Indonesia *) corresponding author Keywords Form.
Function and Meaning of pa- Prefix and -si Particle Abstract In this writing, discussed about the Form.
Function, and Meaning of the prefix pa- and particle -si in BL in Ende Regency.
Please note that prefixes in BL are always found in one form of prefix, namely pa- and particle Aesi in every speech of the Lio community in In BL, other affixes were also found besides the prefix paand particle Aesi, but the subject of this study only focused on these two forms of affixes.
In BL there are also no infixes, suffixes, and confixes found.
Thispaper aims to describe a subcategory of morphemes in B ahasa Lio (BL) Types of morphemes can be distinguished according to their morphological and semantic According to its morphological behavior, morphemes consist of bases, free morphemes and bound morphemes.
In both types of morphemes can be classified the process of formation, including formed or attached directly with the basic form free of nouns, verbs, and adverbs.
In this study can focus more on the shape of pa- and -si bound morphemes in BL.
INTRODUCTION
As a universal means of communication, language is always idiologically like a piece of metal, where one side contains a string of sounds and the other side contains meaning (Van Valin and Lapola, 1997: .
Sound strands that contain limited meanings and sounds require a rule of sound arrangement of language known as morphology or grammar.
The rules of the arrangement of this sound can be found in the three parts that make it up, namely phonology, morphology and syntax Damayanti, dkk .
138 | P a g e Kami.
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eScience Humanity Journal 4 .
May 2024 Lio language .
ereinafter abbreviated as BL) is one of the languages or dialects found in the southern and northern parts of Ende Regenc.
Flores Island is one of the three major islands in East Nusa Tenggra Province .
wo of which are Sumba island and Timor islan.
is generally used by most people living in East Ndona District.
Ende Regency.
Based on the explanation of the names and places of the BL language above, it can be clearly known the position of the language and its supporting communities.
By knowing the position of BL, it makes it easier for anyone who is interested to research and study to find it.
In this writing, discussed about the Form.
Function, and Meaning of the prefix pa- and particle -si in BL in Ende Regency.
Please note that prefixes in BL are always found in one form of prefix, namely pa- and particle Aesi in every speech of the Lio community in general.
In BL, other affixes were also found besides the prefix pa- and particle Aesi, but the subject of this study only focused on these two forms of affixes.
In BL there are also no infixes, suffixes, and confixes found.
This becomes very interesting to study, considering that in communication there is a need for forms of finished words or formed words in the formation of sentences that can be used to convey information, intentions, wills, desires, and so on.
Chaer .
3: .
states that languages in general have several essential characteristics or properties, such as .
language is a system, .
language is symbolic, .
language is sound, .
language is arbitrary, .
language is meaningful, .
language is conventional, .
language is unique, .
language is universal, .
language is productive, .
language is varied, .
it is dynamic, .
it is a tool of social interaction, and .
it is the identity of its speakers.
Of the thirteen natures of language mentioned above, there are two things that need to be discussed in relation to this writing.
The two things are:
First, every language is a system.
As a system, each language has an orderly and patterned arrangement that forms a meaningful or functioning whole.
This system is formed by a number of elements that are functionally related to one another (Kridalaksana 2007:.
Secondly, language is unique.
It means that it has specific characteristics that other languages .
ncluding BL) do not have.
If each language is said to be unique, then it means that each language has its own characteristics that are not owned by other languages.
This characteristic can concern the sound system, word formation system, sentence formation system, or other systems, for example in BL there are prefixes and suffixes .
From these two natures of language, it is the basis for explaining and describing the form, function and meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle Aesi BL.
Based on the background and description described above, and considering the limited research time, this study only discusses one prefix and one particle, namely the prefix pa- and particle Aesi.
There are three problems related to the rules of word formation in BL, namely, .
what is the form of the prefix pa- and particle Aesi in BL? .
what are the functions of the prefixes pa- and the particle Aesi in BL? and .
what do the prefixes pa- and particle Aesi mean in BL? This research is a qualitative study that aims to explore and describe the phenomenon of the formation of prefixes pa- and particles Aesi in BL.
The structure of the argument for the formation or affixing of a word by attaching the prefix pa- and the particle Aesi to the formation of the word in BL.
In connection with the problems mentioned above, the purpose of this study is to be able to understand and be able to describe carefully about the form, function and meaning of the prefix pa- and particle Aesi in BL.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Basics of Morpheme Analysis We can see from several points of view the position of a morpheme, both free morphemes and bound morphemes.
There are at least three main things related to first, it has and is a formal entity, and has a phonetic appearance.
second, it has meaning and third, it has a syntactic role in the formation of larger grammatical units.
In this connection the following questions may also be asked: .
which is the basic unit of the structure?.
how are the units expressed in the phonological structure of a sentence? To be able to answer the above question, it is also necessary to point out Hockett's framework of grammatical description models (Hockett "Two Models of grammatical Descripsion", in Martin Joos, 1.
In analyzing morphemes there are several provisions that can be used as references in relation to morpheme analysis and description.
Among them are basic forms if we look at the word sailor, as if it appears that this form takes place from the benthic seabed and undergoes the process of forming a sailor in front of it, then becomes a sailor.
If we also look at the form sank (English past tens.
, then it will remind us of the basic form of sink, and will definitely say that this form undergoes a change from i to a.
In relation to the study of the form, function and feeding of prefixes pe- and particles Aesi in BL, we will discuss several concepts related to the theory used, among others.
Kridalaksana .
gives the notion of morphemes .
is the smallest language unit whose meaning is relatively stable and which cannot be divided into smaller meaningful For example: .
er-}, .
i-}, .
, etc.
Ramlan .
says morphemes are the smallest grammatical units.
a grammatical unit that has no other units as its elements.
While Verhaar .
1: .
said there are two kinds of morphemes, namely free morphemes .
ree morpheme.
which are forms that data stand alone or can be a form of words.
A bound morpheme is a morpheme that is not a word but is always concatenated with one or more other morphemes, becoming one word.
Furthermore, in accordance with this study, it can be used morphophonemic theory where Kridalaksana .
3: .
says morphophonemic is a phonological unit equivalent to several phonemes, which appear in allomorphs of certain morphemes, for example /N/ is a morphophonemic realized in allomorphs /mem/, /men/, /meny/, /meng/, and /menge/ which are members of the morpheme .
eN}.
While Ramlan .
3: .
says morphophonemic studies phoneme changes that arise as a result of morphemes' encounters with other morphemes.
The morpheme .
er-}, for example, consists of three phonemes, namely /b, e, r/.
As a result of the meeting of the morpheme .
er-} with the morpheme .
, the phoneme /r/ changes to /l/, so the meeting of the morpheme .
er-} with the morpheme .
produces the word learn.
Thus occurs morphophonemic process in the form of phoneme change, namely the change of phoneme /r/ in ber- to bell-.
The far view of generative morphology states that morphemes combine in word form.
Segments of adjacent morphemes include changes such as phoneme addition, phoneme change, and phoneme completion (Dardjowijoyo, 1.
The inner structure is generally in the form of sentences in the model is small, and describes morphemic processes and analyzes morphemes on the basis of a language form or morph, and the smallest form of language is called morph.
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May 2024 List of Morphemes (DM) The morpheme list is one of the components of generative morphology that contains free morphemes and bound morphemes (Dardjowijoyo, 1.
Word Formation Rules (KPK) Word formation rules are places or containers for word processing, whether words are really words, or potential words (Dardjowijoyo, 1.
Dictionary The dictionary is the last component that functions as an exact or container storing word forms that escape the filter or filter.
While unacceptable forms will be held in a filter (Dardjowijoyo, 1.
Theoretical Foundation To discuss prefixes and partcles in BL, the theory of Halle's Model of Generative Morphology is used.
According to Halle in Dardjowijoyo .
3: .
there are three fundamental things in this theory.
The three things are first, the basis of its formation is morphemes and not words.
Second, its formation through the morpheme list (DM), so that all types of morphemes can be registered on this morpheme list, third.
Halle uses the term word formation rules (KPK), so that what happens to the KPK is special in the sense of not being free.
In Halle's model generative morphology theory there are four components, namely:
List of morphemes abbreviated DM Word formation rules abbreviated as KPK.
Filter or filter Dictionary.
In the first coponent, the list of morphemes (DM) is listed by members of morphemes, namely free morphemes and bound morphemes.
In the second component, namely the rules of word formation (KPK), there are all rules regarding word formation from morphemes contained in the list of morphemes that meet the requirements.
The third component is a filter that serves to see all kinds of idiosyncretion that are phonological, semantic, and lexical.
The fourth component is the dictionary which is a place for acceptable words from the process of word formation rules from the results of the filter.
List of Morphe Word Rules Filter Dictionary Output Phonology Syntax 141 | P a g e Kami.
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May 2024 Halle's workflow theory based on the chart above is that in the list of morphemes (DM) found two kinds of morpheme members.
The morphemes contained in the list of word formation rules form words that actually exist and potential word forms, namely lingual unit forms that do not yet exist in reality but may exist because they meet the requirements of the KPK.
Words that have met the KPK requirements will be included in the filter or filter.
Then in the filter all sorts of idiosyncretion contained in phonological, semantic, and lexical words are filtered.
Words that have passed the filter will become members of the dictionary, and can also be processed in the KPK to obtain new formed words and become members of the dictionary again.
The formed words that have been contained in this dictionary will become material in the formation of syntax, following phonological rules.
Thus, the KPK is a channel to enter the dictionary.
RESEARCH METHODS
The approach used in this study is descriptive-ualitative because the results of this analysis provide a description of the state of language and language use at a certain time Sugiyono .
This paper is the result of field research so that the data consists of primary data.
Data collection techniques through observation and interviewing with a list of words that experience the process of affixing and discourse.
The theory used in this study is the theory of generative morphology, so that the technique of analyzing data by means of generative analysis, which consists of analyzing word forms at the level of morphology, phrases, clauses, sentences and discourses.
It should also be emphasized that the tools used to solve the problem consist of a list of vocabulary that has been tested for language research in Lio.
Data sources are always related to location, language, and informants.
The location used is the southern Lio region.
In relation to the research area, the variety of BL taken is the Wolokota dialect.
The Wolokota dialect of Ndona District.
Ende Regency, which is located in the southern part and is located on the southern coast, is recognized as a wider area, its population is homogeneous and the influence of outside areas is lower than other Lio In addition.
BL is still used as a mother tongue.
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Halle's concept can be used and applied in BL, like this.
KPK
SIEVE
Free morphemes .
a-} V {-s.
, .
a-} V {-s.
Bound morphemes .
a-} V {-s.
a-}, {-si/partke.
DICTIONARY Paparusi Pakasi Form.
Function and Meaning of Prefixes pa- and Particle Aesi in BL Prefix form pa- and particle -si BL The prefix form pa- and the particle Aesi in BL can be added to free morphemes in the categories of nouns, verbs, and adverbs.
This can happen when both bound forms are added simultaneously to the basic noun, verb and adverbial free forms of BL.
If the two basic forms 142 | P a g e Kami.
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eScience Humanity Journal 4 .
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refixes pa- and particle Aes.
are attached, each with a different free base form, will have different meanings or meanings.
Basically, prefixes can be joined to suffixes, but in reality not all prefixes can be joined to just any suffix.
In BL, there are changes that occur in the suffix called the particle Aesi.
Free morphemes .
Bound morphemes .
a-} {-s.
Chart 1
Prefix form pa- and particle Aesi affixed to noun
KPK
SIEVE
DICTIONARY
a-} N {-s.
Pakakisi Pafaisi Here's another example:
The prefix .
a-} particle{-s.
is added to the verb .
a- V -s.
as follows:
a-} .
{-s.
machete be please cut a-} .
ire } {-s.
Abstinence becomes abstinence, abstinence .
a-} .
ia N} {-s.
face to be forward, please go first a-} .
{-s.
back to back, please back
Chart 2
Prefix form pa- and particle Aesi affixed to verbs KPK
SIEVE
DICTIONARY
Free morphemes .
a-} V {-s.
Pakesosi Gare Tweets Pagaresi Bound morphemes .
a-} {-s.
Here's another example:
The prefix .
a-} particle{-s.
is added to the verb .
a- V -s.
as follows:
a-} .
{-s.
pakysesi Ramas become each other's ramas, please fight .
a-} .
ysa } {-s.
pakysasi add to like add, add each other, please add .
a-} .
{-s.
Run into a run, please run .
a-} .
{-s.
call to be calling each other, panggilah, please call .
a-} .
{-s.
Give, give becomes giving to each other, give, please give 143 | P a g e Kami.
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Free morphemes .
Bound morphemes .
a-}, {-s.
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Chart 3
Prefix form pa- attached to adverbs KPK
SIEVE
DICTIONARY
a-} Adv .
Palausions Paghelesi Here's another example:
The prefix .
a-} particle {-s.
is healed on the adverb .
a- Adv.
-s.
as follows:
a-} .
{-s.
becomes there .
, please go there .
a-} .
iaAd.
{-s.
front becomes sitting in front, please in front, please first .
a-} .
become there .
, please go there .
Above has been presented the merging between prefixes and particles Prefix Functions of pa- and Particle -si in BL The prefix functions of pa- and Aesi particles in BLE that are affixed to noun-free morphemes, verbs and adverbs are derivative functions.
It means changing the category of words .
ixed adjectives to verb.
, for example:
The meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle -si affixed to the noun-free morpheme The prefix function pa- and the particle -si in BL affixed to a noun-free morpheme are derivative functions, meaning that they change the category of words, for example:
Miu aji no ka'e ola patoposi You brother and sister, don't cut each other 'You brother and sister, don't cut each other' While the prefixes .
a-} and paricles {-s.
affixed to noun-free morphemes do not function This means that there is always a change in the category of words .
ouns remain The meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle -si affixed to verb-free morphemes The meaning of the prefix pa- which is affixed to the free morpheme categorized as a verb is to have the same properties as the root word, for example:
Papaisi no ata rewo ngeni Call with others too 'Please call with someone else' The meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle Aesi affixed to the verb-categorizated free morpheme is also to mean errand, for example:
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Papatisi miu kolo rua Share ye heads two 'Please divide the two of you' The meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle Aesi affixed to a free morpheme categorized as an adverb can mean to make it like an invitation, for example:
Pakakisi rewo-rewo Husbanding carelessly 'Splease have a husband with anyone' The meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle Aesi attached to the free morpheme categorized as adverbs can be ordered, for example:
Ndua pamenasi kau Descending there already .
you 'Please go there' The meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle -si affixed to verb-free morphemes The meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle Aesi attached to the adverb-category free morpheme is also to mean order and retention as well as an exclamation, for example:
You mera pamenasi You sit beside .
'Let me sit on the left' .
Miu paniasi sadeka You're the front one 'Please come first' The affix forms Aepa and -si on the free base of adverbs in BL, the free base form is potential and is also the basic form of nouns e.
g, nia 'face' 'front', longgo 'back' 'back'.
The adverbial form in BL is always formed based on context and pragmatic.
CONCLUSION
Based on the previous discussion, it can be concluded that matters related to the form, function and meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle -si in BL as follows.
The prefix pa- in BL can be applied to root words categorized as nouns, verbs, and adverbs.
The function of the prefix pa- and the particle -si affixed to nouns, verbs or adverbs function derivatives, these affixes do not exist or function inflexively.
The meaning of the prefix pa- and the particle Aesi added to the noun is to have properties and make things, which is added to the verb means to do what is called in the root word, while that which is added to the adverb means to explain based on a certain object as in the base word.
REFERENSI