p-ISSN: 1411-8912 e-ISSN: 2714-6251 http://journals.
id/index.
php/sinektika IDENTIFICATION OF GEOMETRIC PATTERNS IN ISLAMIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE ABDUL JALIL JATIPURNO MOSQUE.
WONOGIRI Hafidz Mahardika Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta hafidzmhdk33@gmail.
Suryaning Setyowati Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ss207@ums.
Fauzi Mizan Prabowo Aji Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta fmp811@ums.
History of the manuscript:
Manuscript submitted November 12, 2025
Final manuscript accepted January 17, 2026
ABSTRACT
Islam is a religion that not only brings spiritual and social teachings, but also gives birth to unique artistic and architectural traditions.
Mosques as centers of worship, education, and social activities are an important medium in expressing Islamic aesthetic values, one of which is through the use of geometric patterns.
These patterns are not merely decorative ornaments, but also have philosophical meanings that reflect the principles of order, unity, and eternity in the teachings of monotheism.
This study aims to identify and analyze geometric patterns in the architectural elements of the Abdul Jalil Mosque in Jatipurno.
Wonogiri Regency.
The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques in the form of direct observation, documentation, and interviews.
The focus of the analysis is directed at the basic geometric forms, symmetry systems, and the aesthetic and symbolic values of the ornaments used.
The results show that the dominant geometric pattern is fourfold symmetry, with basic shapes consisting of circles, rectangles, and repeating star patterns.
These ornaments are applied consistently to the facade, mihrab, and other structural elements.
This research is expected to become a reference in the development of locally based Islamic architecture and support the preservation of the heritage of Islamic ornamental art.
KEYWORDS: mosque.
Islamic architecture, geometric patterns, ornament.
Abdul Jalil Mosque Islam merupakan agama yang tidak hanya membawa ajaran spiritual dan sosial, tetapi juga melahirkan tradisi artistik dan arsitektural yang khas.
Masjid sebagai pusat ibadah, pendidikan, dan aktivitas sosial menjadi media penting dalam mengekspresikan nilai-nilai estetika Islam, salah satunya melalui penggunaan pola geometri.
Pola-pola ini tidak sekadar ornamen dekoratif, tetapi juga memiliki makna filosofis yang mencerminkan prinsip keteraturan, kesatuan, dan keabadian dalam ajaran tauhid.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis pola geometri pada elemen arsitektural Masjid Abdul Jalil di Jatipurno.
Kabupaten Wonogiri.
Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi langsung, dokumentasi, dan wawancara.
Fokus analisis ditujukan pada bentuk dasar geometri, sistem simetri, serta nilai estetika dan simbolik dari ornamen yang digunakan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola geometri yang mendominasi adalah fourfold symmetry, dengan bentuk dasar berupa lingkaran, segi empat, dan pola bintang berulang.
Ornamen tersebut diterapkan secara konsisten pada fasad, mihrab, dan elemen struktural lainnya.
Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi referensi dalam pengembangan arsitektur Islam berbasis lokal serta mendukung pelestarian warisan seni ornamentasi Islam.
KATA KUNCI: masjid, arsitektur Islam, pola geometri, ornamen.
Masjid Abdul Jalil
INTRODUCTION
Islam is a religion that not only brings spiritual and social teachings but also gives rise to distinctive artistic and architectural traditions (Nursalim & Rahayu.
One of the most tangible manifestations of Islamic cultural expression is the mosque (Nurjayanti.
Not only a place of worship, but mosques also serve as centers of education, social activities, and representations of Islamic aesthetic values.
Over time, demonstrates an acculturation with local culture, reflected in the building's form and ornamentation (Safwan, et al.
, 2.
One of the prominent characteristics of Islamic architecture is the use of geometric patterns (Nurjayanti, 2.
These patterns are not merely decorative elements but also possess high philosophical value, reflecting order, unity, and eternity as a representation of the concept of monotheism (Syamsiyah, 2.
According to Fitriana .
, contemporary Indonesian Islamic architecture utilizes the concepts of symmetry and geometry as the basis for forming visual elements.
Islamic geometric patterns are formed from a complex blend of SINEKTIKA Jurnal Arsitektur.
Vol.
23 No.
January 2026 | 118 Hafidz Mahardika.
Suryaning Setyowati.
Fauzi Mizan Prabowo Aji mathematical principles and artistic traditions (Bonner, 2.
Furthermore, a recent study of traditional mosques in Java has shown that these patterns not only present visual beauty but also convey spiritual and educational values, including in ethnomathematics-based mathematics learning (Zuliana, et al.
, 2.
Other research also shows that the use of geometric patterns in mosque architecture can be analyzed structurally (Mazloum & Soroush, 2.
, such as in a study of the Jamik Mosque in Sumenep.
this study, the ornamentation on the mosque's gate exhibits fractal characteristics that can be understood through the Lindenmayer system approach, illustrating the geometric complexity contained in classical Islamic design that has been adapted to the local context (Wahyuni & Sari, 2022.
Alghar & Marhayati, 2.
This demonstrates that geometric patterns are not only a cultural heritage, but also a means of learning and reflection on the order of nature and the greatness of God (Necipolu, 1.
The Abdul Jalil Mosque is one of the largest mosques in Jatipurno District.
Wonogiri Regency.
Built in 1987, the mosque has not escaped the developments of time and culture, as reflected in its architectural style.
To understand how Islamic geometry is applied in the mosque, a study of the geometric patterns in the Abdul Jalil Mosque's architecture is necessary.
This research aims to identify the geometric patterns applied to the Abdul Jalil Mosque in Jatipurno.
The benefits of this research include increasing public knowledge about Islamic ornamental art and providing architects with references regarding the use of Islamic geometry in mosques.
METHODS
This research used a descriptive qualitative approach (Creswell, 2.
This approach was chosen because it is appropriate for exploring and understanding the meaning, form, and function of geometric patterns in Islamic architecture in depth, contextually, and This research does not aim to test a hypothesis, but rather to identify the geometric patterns found in the architectural elements of the Abdul Jalil Mosque.
Data collection was conducted in a natural Several data collection techniques were used, related to the research aims and objectives, including:
Observation: Data collection relies primarily on direct observation.
The data obtained consists of actual and factual images.
Interviews: Interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding the profile of the Abdul Jalil Jatipurno Mosque.
Once the data is collected, the next stage is data This stage will identify the geometric patterns found in the mosque's ornaments to determine the basic geometric shapes used.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Figure 1.
Location of Abdul Jalil Mosque .
ource: Google Maps, 2.
The Abdul Jalil Mosque is located in Pule Hamlet.
RT 01/RW 03.
Jatipurno District.
Wonogiri Regency.
Built in 1987 by the Jatipurno LDII PC, the mosque was renamed the Baitushoffa Mosque.
In 2021, the mosque underwent renovations to become the Abdul Jalil Mosque, which was completed in 2023.
During the renovations, worship services were moved to the Bairuha' Islamic Boarding School hall next to the In addition to serving as a prayer hall, the mosque also serves as a place for religious study for local residents and for Islamic boarding school Near the mosque, there are also early childhood education (PAUD), elementary school (SD), and junior high school (SMP) under the auspices of the Budi Utomo Jatipurno Foundation.
Figure 2.
Fayade of Abdul Jalil Mosque .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
The mosque features ornamentation using geometric patterns across nearly the entire facade.
Geometric patterns are also found in the design of the mihrab .
rayer nich.
, pillars, and dome, all featuring SINEKTIKA Jurnal Arsitektur.
Vol.
23 No.
January 2026 | 119 Identification of Geometric Patterns in Islamic Art and Architecture of The Abdul Jalil Jatipurno Mosque.
Wonogiri similar ornamentation.
The ornaments used are manufactured in East Java.
The floors and walls are 60x100 granite.
Here are some documented photos of the ornamentation at the Abdul Jalil Mosque:
Analysis The basic shapes used in creating ornaments are circles combined with squares and circles combined with triangles (Pramono, 2.
Broadly speaking, the three categories of geometric design patterns commonly found in Islamic art are:
Fourfold: this is a pattern that can be based on dividing a circle into four equal parts.
Figure 6.
Fourfold pattern .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Figure 3.
Design of the Mihrab .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Fivefold: this is a pattern that can be based on dividing a circle into five equal parts.
Figure 7.
Fivefold pattern .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Sixfold: this is a pattern that can be based on dividing a circle into four equal parts.
Figure 4.
Design of the column .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Figure 8.
Sixfold pattern .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Figure 5.
Design of the facade .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
120 | SINEKTIKA Jurnal Arsitektur.
Vol.
23 No.
January 2026 In addition to these three categories, there are several others based on the number of division patterns within the circle (Critchlow, 1.
Based on these categories, the author analyzed the ornaments Hafidz Mahardika.
Suryaning Setyowati.
Fauzi Mizan Prabowo Aji of the Abdul Jalil Mosque to determine the geometric patterns used in the ornaments.
is instantly recognizable because it uses only basic shapes without any other geometrical variations.
Mihrab Ornaments In the mihrab, 3 ornaments appear to use geometric Figure 12.
Mihrab Ornamental Pattern .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Figure 9.
Mihrab Ornaments .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
The ornament above features a fairly complex Based on the author's analysis, this ornament uses a Tenfold pattern, with a basic shape consisting of two pentagons.
Here's the process of exploring the geometric pattern:
Figure 13.
Mihrab Ornamental Pattern .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Pillar Ornaments Figure 10.
Analysis of the Geometric Patterns of Mihrab Ornaments .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Figure 14.
Pillar ornaments pattern .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Figure 11.
Example of Pattern Application .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
The other two mihrab ornaments share the same geometric pattern: the Fourfold pattern.
This pattern The ornamental pattern above is the most common geometric pattern found in most mosque ornaments, especially in decorative elements that emphasize harmony and repetition of form.
Based on the author's SINEKTIKA Jurnal Arsitektur.
Vol.
23 No.
January 2026 | 121 Identification of Geometric Patterns in Islamic Art and Architecture of The Abdul Jalil Jatipurno Mosque.
Wonogiri analysis, this ornament utilizes a combination of two complementary Fourfold patterns, where one pattern is used to form the inner structure and the other is used to strengthen the outer form.
The combination of these two patterns creates a stable geometric arrangement while still maintaining visual dynamics.
Overall, the process of exploring the shape is relatively easy because the basic structure of the pattern is not as complex as the ornament on the mihrab, which usually has a denser composition and more complex Thus, the geometric exploration can be done gradually through repetition of the basic shape, alignment of lines, and adjustment of proportions.
The complete process of exploring the geometric pattern is described as follows:
Figure 17.
Facade ornament pattern .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
From the results of the analysis that has been carried out, the following data was obtained:
Table 1.
Geometric Ornaments Photo Geometric Patterns Tenfold patterns Mihrab ornaments Fourfold patterns Mihrab ornaments Figure 15.
Analysis of Geometric Patterns of Pillar Ornaments .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Fourfold patterns Mihrab ornaments Fourfold patterns Figure 16.
Example of Pattern Application .
ource: AuthorAos Document, 2.
Facade Ornaments The ornamental forms used on the facade are the same as those on the pillars.
The difference is that the facade has gaps or spaces between each ornamental Pillar ornaments Fourfold patterns Facade ornaments 122 | SINEKTIKA Jurnal Arsitektur.
Vol.
23 No.
January 2026 Hafidz Mahardika.
Suryaning Setyowati.
Fauzi Mizan Prabowo Aji
CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis above, it can be seen that the ornaments in the Abdul Jalil Mosque have similar geometric patterns and show strong visual consistency across its various architectural elements.
The various types of geometry applied are dominated by the use of Fourfold patterns, which almost always appear in every ornament, whether on wall elements, room dividers, or other decorative details.
The dominance of these patterns indicates an aesthetic preference that emphasizes order, balance, and the principles of symmetry that are characteristic of Islamic geometric In addition, calligraphic ornaments are also found in the mihrab area in the form of the phrase "ALLAH" combined with fourfold geometric elements, thus creating a harmony between spiritual expression and visual beauty.
This integration between calligraphy and geometry simultaneously emphasizes the artistic identity of the mosque and shows how decorative elements are used not only as visual sweeteners, but also to strengthen the religious values contained within it.
Nursalim.
, & Rahayu.
Etnomatematika pada arsitektur tradisional Indonesia: Kajian sistematis pada pola dan bentuk geometris.
Jurnal Etnomatematika Nusantara, 4.
, 30Ae42.
Pramono.
Pola geometri pada seni dan arsitektur Islam di Andalusia.
Journal of Islamic Architecture, 2.
, 1Ae8.
Safwan.
Zulfikar.
, & Ramadhana.
Konsep simetri dan geometri pada elemen arsitektur Masjid Harun Keuchik Leumik.
Jurnal Serambi Engineering, 8.
, 105Ae113.
p/jse/article/view/166 Syamsiyah.
Nur Rahmawati.
Kajian perbandingan gaya arsitektur dan pola ruang masjid agung surakarta dan masjid gedhe kauffman Yogyakarta.
Jurnal Arsitektur.
Wahyuni.
, & Sari.
Geometri fraktal pada ornamen gerbang Masjid Jamik Sumenep menggunakan sistem Lindenmayer.
DEFERMAT:
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 5.
, 20Ae27.
REFERENCES