EFFECT OF HYPNOPRESSURE ON BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY
AND BREAST MILK PRODUCTION IN POSTPARTUM MOTHERS
Etik Khusniyati Universitas Bina Sehat PPNI Kab.
Mojokerto Corresponding Email: etik.
khusniyati@gmail.
ABSTRACT
Keywords Background: Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) and milk production are two important components that directly influence breastfeeding success.
Hypnopressure is considered capable of improving the psychological condition of mothers and stimulating the physiological mechanisms involved in the lactation process.
This study aims to analyze the effect of hypnopressure on BSE and milk production in breastfeeding mothers.
Methods: The study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretestAeposttest approach.
The sample consisted of 17 normal postpartum mothers selected through purposive sampling.
BSE was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy ScaleAeShort Form (BSES-SF), while milk production was measured using an electric pump.
The hypnopressure intervention was given for seven days with a duration of 40 minutes per session.
The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in milk production, with the average volume increasing from 10.
29 ml before the intervention to 58.
18 ml after the intervention .
= 0.
Similarly, the BSE score increased significantly from an average of 49.
82 to 56.
= 0.
Hypnopressure plays a role in increasing relaxation, reducing anxiety, and strengthening hormonal responses through increased secretion of oxytocin and Conclusion: This intervention is recommended as a nonpharmacological strategy that can be integrated into midwifery services to support breastfeeding success, especially for mothers with high stress levels or low milk production.
Hypnopressur Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE).
Breast Milk Production.
Lactation INTRODUCTION Breast milk is the main source of nutrition provided by mothers to their babies during the ear.
ly stages of life.
(Solikhah, 2.
The benefits of breastfeeding for babies are extensive and varied.
(Chen, 2.
Breastfeeding is considered the best method of providing necessary nutrition, which has benefits not only for the mother's health but also for the optimal growth and development of the child.
(Khusnul International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
Issue 3.
December 2025 Khotimah.
Exclusive breastfeeding has also been proven to be one of the effective interventions to reduce infant mortality.
There are many problems associated with exclusive breastfeeding, one of which is caused by poor milk production.
This problem affects the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding coverage in infants aged 06 months.
The target for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG.
in 2030 is to end preventable infant and child deaths, with all countries striving to reduce neonatal mortality rates to 12 per 1,000 (Elis, 2.
Based on UNICEF data from December 2023, the worldwide, particularly in Southeast Asia, reached 38% in terms of Early Breastfeeding Initiation (EBI) and 68% for exclusive breastfeeding.
(UNICEF,
In Indonesia, the coverage of 6month-old infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding in 2023 is 63.
(Ministry of Health.
Indonesia Health Profile 2023, 2.
Meanwhile, the percentage of infants under 6 months of age who were exclusively breastfed in 2022 was recorded at 67.
(Ministry of Health, 2.
decreased from 69.
in the previous year.
The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding coverage in East Java Province in 2023 is 72%.
However, this figure has not yet reached the national target of 80%.
Low breastfeeding rates are caused by various factors, one of which is maternal factors.
There are many reasons why mothers do not exclusively breastfeed their babies.
Several factors that significantly influence exclusive breastfeeding patterns are age (Lestari, 2.
, mother's education level (Fauziyah, 2.
and parity (Ernawati, 2.
In addition, family support is the external factor that has the greatest influence on the success of exclusive (Lindawati.
Another breastfeeding is belief and motivation to The higher a mother's motivation, the more likely she is to exclusively breastfeed her baby.
(Yulianti, 2.
A mother's confidence in breastfeeding her baby will influence her intention to breastfeed, her efforts to breastfeed, and her emotional ability to respond to breastfeeding.
(Brockway M.
, 2.
The mother's psychological factors .
er confidence in her milk productio.
are the most significant (Hobbs.
Psychological factors that influence low breast milk production are mothers who are under stress.
Emotional states are regulated by oxytocin in the brain, so oxytocin can function as a potential therapeutic target for improving mood and social affiliation behavior patients with deep social control.
Oxytocin is also capable of expressing dopamine receptors (Bryant.
, &
Hung.
During hypothalamus plays an important role in producing the hormones oxytocin and This is because the hypothalamus is stimulated during Prolactin produced during breastfeeding functions to regulate the process of lactogenesis and accelerate the synthesis of milk proteins such as casein, lactoglobulin, -lactalbumin, and The psychological state has a significant influence on the production of these hormones, which directly affects Psychological factors play a major role in breast milk production because milk flow from the breast is smoother when the mother feels relaxed and (Award, 2.
A calm state International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
Issue 3.
December 2025 of mind and a relaxed body will help increase the production of the hormone oxytocin, which is responsible for producing breast milk.
In this way, mothers will be able to produce enough breast milk to meet their babies' needs.
(Lubis, 2.
The impact of insufficient breast milk production includes pain due to swollen breasts, mastitis and even breast abscesses, which can lead to infection.
Infected breasts cannot be used to feed the baby, resulting in the baby not receiving adequate nutrition, a weakened immune system, a lack of bonding between mother and baby, and a 3.
times higher risk of death from diarrhoea compared to babies who are exclusively (Purnamawati, 2.
One method that can be used to increase breast milk production and a mother's confidence in breastfeeding is This method combines hypnosis therapy and acupressure, which are used to balance energy and bodily Hypnosis is a state in which an individual is able to internalise specific thoughts and suggestions to achieve desired psychological, physical, or spiritual changes that occur naturally.
(Armini, 2.
Acupressure is believed to relieve pain and muscle tension, improve circulation and release (Radyanto, 2.
The points for increasing breast milk production by massaging SI1 (Shaoz.
CV17 (Shanzhon.
ST 18 (Ruge.
and LI4 (Heg.
are a combination of points located between the first and second metacarpal bones, halfway along the radial edge of the second metacarpal bone, commonly referred to as the god (Rajin, 2.
This acupressure point is a meridian point that provides stimulation through a transmitter and releases substances in the brain that inhibit pain signals, thereby increasing endorphins, which help release prolactin into the body.
(Rosetti, 2.
Hypnopressure endorphins, blocks pain receptors and stimulates the release of oxytocin and (Shafaei, 2.
(Catsaros, 2.
The combination of hypnotherapy practices with positive affirmations for breastfeeding mothers towards clients will achieve deep relaxation and increased breast milk secretion through massage on the body's meridian areas.
(Brockway M.
, 2.
According to several studies, hypnopressure is beneficial for colostrum production and exclusive breastfeeding.
(Catsaros, 2.
, (Rosetti, 2.
Hypnopressure is one technique that increases prolactin levels .
hormone involved in breast milk productio.
and promotes relaxation, thereby blocking or reducing factors that inhibit breast milk production and secretion, such as anxiety, pain after (Shafaei, 2.
The application of hypnopressure focuses on the brain's nervous system activation, which affects the entire central nervous This therapy is performed for approximately 40 minutes in the morning and evening to achieve maximum relaxation.
(Kosovo, 2.
In several studies, hypnopressure has been found to be more effective in increasing breast milk production.
This is because the relaxation method used in hypnopressure utilises changes in beta wave patterns to alpha or theta waves, and shifts the conscious mind to the When subconscious mind is open, any suggestions given will enter the subconscious mind, stored as memory, and the changes in alpha or theta brain waves cause the brain to produce serotonin and endorphins, which create a sense of comfort and activate the International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
Issue 3.
December 2025 thereby relaxing the body during (Yellow, 2.
Acupressure using pressure techniques on the breast area will allow energy or qi to flow properly to the organs and systems of the body in accordance with the meridian flow massage used.
The pressure from acupressure massage provides a calming, relaxing effect, regulates and stabilises emotions, and stimulates the nerve tissue in the breasts, which functions to stimulate the brain to release breast milk and produce milk with each expression of breast milk.
(Rosetti, 2.
Several previous studies have examined hypnobreastfeeding and acupressure, but no research has been conducted in this area.
This study was conducted over seven days, focusing on the early postpartum period, with measurements taken in terms of psychological aspects and breast milk This study is guided by BanduraAos Self-Efficacy Theory, which states that an individualAos confidence and perceived ability influence behavioral Hypnopressure strengthen maternal belief and emotional regulation, thereby improving BSE.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Hypnopressure on Breastfeeding Self Efficacy (BSE) and breast milk production in nursing supplements, having a BMI of 18.
5Ae 9, and having full-term and healthy Exclusion criteria included psychological disorders, cardiovascular or endocrine diseases, breastfeeding barriers, and formula feeding during the data collection period.
BSE was measured using the Breastfeeding SelfEfficacy ScaleAeShort Form (BSES-SF) Breast milk production was assessed through breast milk volume The hypnopressure intervention consisted of affirmations for 40 minutes over seven Bivariate analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test.
RESULTS
Table 1.
Respondent characteristics based on age, education, parity, and mother's METHOD This study used a preexperimental analytical design with a one-group pretestAeposttest approach.
The study population included all normal breastfeeding their babies.
The sample was selected using purposive sampling based on the following inclusion criteria:
breastfeeding mothers with infants aged 7 days, not consuming breast milk
Variable Mother's age
< 20
Frequ
20 Ae 35
> 35
Parity First-time mother Education Primary and Secondary School Senior High School/Vocational High School Work Working Not working TOTAL International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
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December 2025 The respondents in Table 1 show that most respondents .
%) were aged between 21-35 years old.
Most respondents .
%) had a secondary education .
igh school/vocational Most respondents were multiparous 82.
andunemployed or housewives 88.
Table 2.
Difference in breast milk production before and after treatment Breast milk Before After Differ Avalue The results of the statistical test using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a p-value of 0.
-value 0.
which means there was a significant difference in scores before and after hypnopressure therapy.
, which means that there is a significant difference in scores before and after hypnopressure therapy.
Table 3.
The difference in breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) before and after Mea
Differen
ABSE
Befo 49.
After The results of the statistical test using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a p-value of 0.
-value 0.
which means there was a significant difference in scores before and after hypnopressure therapy.
, which means that there is a significant difference in scores before and after hypnopressure therapy.
DISCUSSION
The results of the statistical test using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a p-value of 0.
-value 0.
which means there was a significant difference in scores before and after hypnopressure therapy.
Psychological factors also influence breast milk production.
The higher the stress level, the less prolactin hormone stimulation is received for breast milk production (Rahmaniasari & Zhafirah.
The "hypno" component of hypnopressure produces a deep relaxation effect.
This relaxation effect lowers stress hormone levels such as cortisol, which is known to inhibit prolactin function.
The relaxation induced by hypnopressure can create a state, thereby supporting hormonal responses during This is reinforced by several studies proving that relaxation therapy significantly increases breast milk production and is more effective in maintaining breastfeeding success.
(Levene I, 2.
Another study by Amalia .
showed a significant relationship between stress levels and breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers after giving birth.
(Amalia, 2.
Hypnopressure significantly increases breast milk production and breastfeeding confidence in postpartum mothers, which is in line with research by Anugerah.
(Anuhgerah, 2.
The study confirmed that the combination of hypnotherapy and acupressure works psychological condition of mothers through relaxation, while also providing physiological stimulation to meridian points related to breast function.
Consistently, the study reported a significantly higher average increase in breast milk production in the intervention group compared to the influence the psycho-neuro-endocrine International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
Issue 3.
December 2025 Overall, the results of this study intervention, both physiologically and psychologically, in increasing breast milk production and confidence in The integration of hypnopressure into midwifery practice can be a relevant strategy to support the success of exclusive breastfeeding, especially in mothers with high anxiety, low milk production, or lack of confidence in breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) The results showed that there was a significant increase in Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) after indicated by a p-value of 0.
These findings indicate that hypnopressure plays an effective role in strengthening breastfeeding abilities.
BSE is a strong predictor of breastfeeding success, as mothers with high efficacy tend to be more consistent in providing exclusive breastfeeding and are able to overcome lactation barriers (Brockway M.
Acupressure symptoms of stress/depression through central effects, such as the release of noradrenaline and serotonin, and increased release of beta-endorphins and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
(Moriarty & Sharp, 2.
Affirmation relaxation can create physical and emotional relaxation.
Decreased stress levels cause the hypothalamus to send signals to the anterior and posterior pituitary glands to increase prolactin and oxytocin production.
Mothers who are relaxed .
ot feeling pain, anxiety, or stres.
will increase their breastfeeding self-efficacy.
(Brockway M.
, 2.
(Arumsari, 2.
The significant increase in BSE in this study is consistent with Anuhgera's study.
(Anuhgerah, 2.
which shows that hypnopressure can significantly increase BSE and breast milk production.
The mechanism of hypnopressure combines light hypnosis techniques with acupressure point stimulation, resulting in deep relaxation and increasing the acceptance of successful breastfeeding.
This process strengthens the cognitive components of BSE, such as self-perceived ability and confidence in overcoming obstacles, as described by Bandura in his selfefficacy theory (Bandura, 1.
The psychological, but also has an impact on physiological responses related to The deep relaxation created during therapy can reduce anxiety, increase parasympathetic nervous system activation, and facilitate the release of the hormone oxytocin.
Oxytocin plays an important role in milk ejection through the let-down Asih Research (Love, 2.
supports these findings by showing that hypnobreastfeeding can significantly reduce anxiety and increase BSE.
At the stimulation has been shown to improve blood circulation and lactation hormone sensitivity, as reported by Nurhasanah and Masluroh .
, who found an increase in breast milk production in postpartum mothers after acupressure intervention (Nurhasanah, 2.
Thus, hypnopressure provides a dual effect: psychological relaxation that strengthens the mother's confidence and physiological stimulation that supports smooth milk production.
The integration of these two mechanisms can increase BSE.
This is the result of a International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
Issue 3.
December 2025 comprehensive intervention, not just a temporary suggestive effect.
Compared advantages in terms of more profound cognitive and emotional changes.
Counselling can improve BSE, but the psychological effects of hypnopressure are stronger because it involves a process of changing perceptions through directed (Wahidi, 2.
In addition, a meta-analysis by Brockway et al.
showed that theory-based interventions and behavioural modification strategies are the most effective approaches for improving BSE.
Hypnopressure falls into this category because it has a direct influence on internal beliefs, positive emotional experiences, and stress management, all of which are important determinants of BSE.
CONCLUSIONS
This hypnopressure has a significant effect on increasing Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) and milk production in breastfeeding mothers.
Hypnopressure intervention, which combines hypnosis relaxation techniques and acupressure point stimulation, has been proven to stimulate the psycho-neuro-endocrine mechanism endocrine mechanisms involved in the lactation process by increasing oxytocin and prolactin hormones and reducing anxiety.
REFERENCES