MASTERY OF GIMONSHI STUDENTS OF JAPANESE
LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
Justin R.
Wuisang Japanese Study Program.
Faculty of Language and Arts Universitas Negeri Manado.
Tondano.
Indonesia Email : justienwuisang@unima.
Abstract : The study was conducted to obtain clear information about the ability of Japanese Language Education Study Program students to use Japanese gimonshi .
uestion The method used in this study is a descriptive method through a quantitative approach with percentage data analysis techniques.
The data collection was carried out through an ability test by giving 15 questions related to question words in Japanese.
The results of research conducted on the second semester students of the Japanese Language Education Study Program in 2021/2022, which amounted to 30 people, showed that many were not able to use it because the analysis value showed 46.
which was still in the range of 50%.
Keywords : Question Words.
Gimonshi.
Japanese INTRODUCTION Bunpo or grammar theoretically is a system of word form, word order, word function in a sentence.
(Thompson Post 2020.
Abd-Alrazaq et al.
Each language has its own rules which govern matters of sound and their order, matters of words and their forms, matters of sentences and their arrangements.
This rule also applies in Japanese(Tamara and Shishido 2.
In learning Japanese, learners need to understand grammar because it is a common phenomenon when constructing sentences in any language.
Japanese recognizes several types of words as well as in Indonesian (Lypez-De-lanieta et al.
Seguel and Sonesson gimonsh.
All these types of words have different structures and ways of using them, so that if they are not understood properly and properly they can cause obstacles for Japanese language learners (Kohagura et The question word in Japanese is Japanese .
are often taken for grantedand simple, whereas if studied more deeply it will be seen how the level of difficulty of its use.
Reference revealed that question words are words that function to form interrogative sentences (Ricon-Becker et So the question word is an element that forms an interrogative Each question word in Japanese has a different and varied meaning and usage (Karyati and Rachmawati 2.
The things that are asked can be in the form of people, goods, places, directions, circumstances, amounts, including asking for the number and the like in number aids (Ramadhany.
Merri Silvia Basri, and Adisthi Martha Yohani 2022.
Yamamoto and Lloyd 2019.
Mawatari et al.
Here are some examples of gimonshi .
uestion word.
and their usage:
DareOACUO It means "who", is used to ask people.
Sono hito wa dare desuka AyAA ACUAAoAUAC Who is that person? (The Japan Foundation, 1983:.
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DoreOACUO Is a question word from the pointers .
, afternoon .
and are .
means "which one".
Otoko no booshi wa dore desuka iA aA ACUAAoAUAC Which men's hat? (The Japan Foundation, 1983:.
NaniOiO Used to ask about things, it means "what".
Kinoo nani o shimashitaka AsAAI iCe aUAC What did you do yesterday? (Ogawa, 1998: .
DonnaOACeAO It means "how" / Ay used for state the content of the problem.
Anata wa donna ryoori ga suki desuka ACa ACeA noaIAU AoAs AAoAUAC What kind of cuisine do you like? (Chandra 1991:.
In Japanese, the word Tanya .
has various kinds, namely dono, dare, dore, doko, dochira,ikutsu, ikura, itsu, doo, donna, doshite and nani.
Each of these question words has a different way of being used (Tirtayasa.
Khair, and Januri 2.
There are several question words that must pay attention to the level of language use, in this case for the polite form and the regular form, depending on who the question is addressed to.
In addition, there is also a question word form when paired with an existing particle, the meaning ofand how to use it differently.
Question words are words that are used as markers of questions in sentences (Moss.
Lynch, and OAoD An interrogative sentence can be formed by using these question words .
So, it can be concluded that a question word .
is a word used in an interrogative sentence to get an Question words .
in Japanese that are often used are:
Dono
Which one
Dare
ACU
Dore
ACU
Which one
Doko
AAe
where/where Dochira
AACO
Which side
Nani i Ikura
AEAaCO
how much it costs Ikutsu
AEa
how many/how many pieces Itsu
AEA
AAI
Donna ACeA what / like what Doshite AAIAA An interrogative sentence is one type of sentence that is found in every language, both orally and in writing.
interrogative sentence is used by someone with the intention of being given information about something they do not Question sentences in Japanese are called gimonbun ncianN (Andrian 2.
According to reference quoting Matsuoka's opinion that Gimonbun is a sentence that functions to seek, want or ask for information that the speaker does to the listener (Salloum et al.
The types of interrogative sentences in Japanese can be distinguished between JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
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interrogative sentences without question words and interrogative sentences with question words.
In the book Shin Nihongo no Kiso I, gimonbun questions consist of 3 types, namely:
An interrogative sentence that uses the particle AA.
at the end of the "you"is a final auxiliary .
to end a sentence that expresses a question or Example :
eAiCeA IOiAAoAUAC
Mira san wa sensei desuka
Is Brother Miller a teacher? eAiCeA CEECAAo
AUAC
Mira san wa america genie desuka Is Miller's brother American? Interrogative sentences using question words .
Example :
AeCUA AEAaCOAAoAUAC Kore wa ikura desuka How much is this ? (Chandra, 2000: .
AeaEAA iAAoAUAC Kono akai no wanan desuka What is this red one? Regular form of interrogative sentence Regular form interrogative sentences AA end of the sentence and raising the tone .
at the end of the sentence.
Example :
CeCe OAAO
Want some coffee? AAIa anoCC AAEAoAA
CNAIAC
Tsf I think the ingredients for tofu are soybeans, right? Based on the examples of sentences above, question words .
are one of the types of words used to make interrogative sentences in Japanese.
The following are Japanese interrogative words that are frequently used and how they are used in sentences.
Dono AA Is a question word from the pointer .
: kono OAeAO , sonoOAyAO and anOACAOwhich means : which and is used to ask the choice of several people or things from two or more choices.
Its use is followed by a noun.
Example :
To Inquire Dono Jisho ga ii desuka? AAuAU AEAEAAoAUAC Which dictionary is good Dono atarashii jidousha ga shachou no AAnAAE NUiOAU iAA AoAUAC Which new car is the director's? To Ask Ordinary Form People Ari san wa dono hito desuka? CEAiCeA aoAUAC Mr.
Ari which person? (The Japan Foundation, 1983: .
Dono hito ga Ratana san desuka? aU ECEOAiCeAAoAUAC Which person is Mr Ratana? To Ask People In a Polite Form Dono kata desuka AAn AAoAUAC Which person? Kono shashin no naka de dono kata ga anata no otousan desuka? JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
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AeAIouAA aUAAU AC aOOAiCeAAoAUAC In this photo which person is your Dare ACU It is a question word to ask a person, someone, which means who and in its use it uses the level of language as the question word dono OAAO Common Questions Ano hito wa dare desuka ACAA ACUAAoAUAC Who is that person? Dare no megane ga koko ni ariikuta ACUA CAAUAAU AeAeAACCOA AoAUAC Whose glasses are here? Polite Questions Ano said wa donata desuka? ACAAUAA aoAUAC Who is that person? (The Japan Foundation, 1983:.
Anata wa donata desuka ACa aoAUAC Who are you? Asking Someone Uncertain John san to Ratana san no ushiro ni donata ka imasuka? CEEAiCeAECEOAiCeAAIACs A aUAEAAoAUAC Behind the brothers John and Ratana is there someone? Dare ka imasuka? ACUAU AEAAoAUAC Is there someone? Asking Who's Somewhere Jimushitsu ni dare ga imasuka? UUoA ACUAU AEAAoAUAC Who's in the office? (Chandra, 2000: .
Used in Denial Sentences Dare you imasen ACUCCAEAAuCeAC No one / no one Dare mo shiranai ACUCC ACOAAEAC No one knows (Simanjuntak, 2004:
To select One from a group Kurasu de dare ga ichiban wakai CECA ACUAU AiCaAUAEA AoAUAC In class, who is the youngest? Kazoku de dare ga ichiban se ga takai aA ACUAU AEa EUAU oAEAAoAUAC Who in your family is the tallest? Dore ACU Dore O A CU O is a question word from the pointer: kore (AeCU), afternoon OAyCUO and are OACCUOwhich means :
which, is used to ask something from between two or more choices.
Different from the question word dono O A A O which must be followed by a noun, dore can stand alone.
Dore In The Middle Of The Sentence Begins With The Auxiliary "Wa"OAO Hon wa dore desuka? uA ACUAAoAUAC
Which book? Mira san no kasa wa dore desuka? eAiCeA
AUAC
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AUAiA
ACUAAI
Which is Miller's brother's umbrella? Dore At The Beginning Of The Sentence Followed By The Auxiliary "Ga"OAUO Dore ga jisho desuka? ACUAU uAAoAUAC Which is the dictionary? Dore Which States Something (An.
Followed By The Wordhelp "Mo"OCCO Dore mo oishii desu ACUCC AOAEAAEAAoAC Whichever is delicious.
Dore mo sukijanai desuka? ACUCC uAsAoCEAAE AAoAUAC Don't you like any of them? Is a question word from the pointer .
: konoOAeAO, sonoOAyAO and ano O AC A O which shows the So dokoOAAeO means "which" or "where".
Its use is as follows:
Doko In The Middle Of The Sentence Begins With The Auxiliary "Wa" Koko wa doko desuka.
AeAe A AAe AAo AU Here where? Anata wa doko de umaremashitaka.
ACa AAeAiACUaUAC where were you born? Doko At The Beginning Of The Sentence Followed By The Auxiliary "Ga" Dokono toire desuka? AAeAU EOCEAAoAUAC where is toilet? (The Japan Foundation, 1985:.
Yoroppa de doko ga ichiban yokatta ecA AAeAUAiCOAUa AoAUAC In Europe which one is the best? Expresses An Uncertain Place Chin san wa doko ka ni imasuka? EAEAiCeA AAeAUAAEAAoAUAC Brother Chin is somewhere? Ski ni ikitain desuga, doko ka ii tokoro CCEA UAsAAECeAAoAUa AeAUAEAEAAeCsACCOAAuCeAUAC I want to ski, is there somewhere Used In The Sentence Deny Chin san wa doko ni mo imasen.
EAEAiCeA AAeACCAEAAuCeAC Brother Chin is nowhere to be found.
Gakusei wa doko ni mo imasen.
iA AAeACCAEAAuCeAC
There are no students anywhere Saying Something That Is Not Certain
Fuyu yasumi wa doko ka e
IcAA AAeAUA UAsa
AUAC
During the winter holidays do you go Doko ka ni denwa or not arimasenka? AAeAUA uAUACCOAAuCeAUAC Is there a phone around here? If it is followed by the auxiliary "mo" and the form of denying, it shows an absolute negative sentence and is no longer a question word.
Doko e mo ikimasen.
AAeACCUAsAAuCeAC Do not go anywhere Asking A Place of a Person or A Thing that is Familiar with The Person We Talk with B wa doko ni arimasuka? aeA ACCOAAoAUAC Where is B? Otearai wa doko desuka? JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
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AOOUAEA AAeAAoAUAC
Where is the toilet? Dochira
AACO
Dochira OAACOOis a question mark from a pointer .
: kochiraOAeA COO, sochiraOAyACOO and achiraOAC A CO O which means Auwhich side/which wayAy:
In The Middle of the Sentence Begins with an Auxiliary Word AuWaAy Minami wa dochira desuka? sA AACOAAoAUAC Which side is south? Erebeetaa wa dochira desuka? CEEoECEA AACOAAoAUAC Which side is the lift? At The Beginning of the Sentence Followed by an Auxiliary Word AuGaAy Dochira ga minami desuka? AACOAU sAAoAUAC Which way to the south? Dochira ga higashi desuka? AACOAU yAAoAUAC Which way to the east? Ask one of the circumstances between the two options.
It means "which one" with a sentence pattern: .
to dochira Shinkansen to hikouki to dochira ga hayai desuka? noAuUA AACOAU AEAAoAUAC Which is faster shinkansen or Tokyo to Osaka to dochira ga ookii yAoA AACOAU AsAE AAoAUAC Which city is bigger Tokyo or Osaka? Politely Ask Who The Interlocutor Is Dochira sama desuka? AACOoAAoAUAC Who am I talking to? For comparison of people, things, places and times always use dochira with mention of dotchi, however dochira is more subtle and polite than dotchi.
Doo AAI Dou (AAI) means "how".
Used to ask impressions, opinions or thoughts about a person, thing, state seen, witnessed by the Nihon no seikatsu wa doo uuAiA AAIAAoAUAC How is life in Japan? Kare wa kuru ka dooka wakaranai.
AyuCUAU AAIAU CaAUCOAAEAC Whether he will come or not I don't Donna ACeA It is a question word .
konna(AeCeA), sonna (AyCeA)and anna( ACCeA) which means "what it looks like" In its use as follows:
Asks the nature or state of an object and its location in front of the noun in Kimura san wa donna hito desuka? uycAiCeA ACeaoAUAC How is Mr.
Kimura look like? Anata wa denwa de Yamada san to donna hanashi wo shimashitaka? ACauA iAiCeAACe A ACeaUAC What do you talk about with mr.
Yamada on the phone? Ask for the choice of a group Donna undo ga suki desuka? ACeA AUAU AoAsAAoAUAC What sports do you love? Anata wa donna ongaku ga suki JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
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ACa ACeAuAUuAsAAo
AUAC
What music do you like? Doushite AAIAA Used to ask cause or reason.
Same meaning and use with the question word "naze".
In Indonesian it means "why".
its use it is often used in conjunction with the auxiliary word "no" Doushite asobi ni dekakenai no AAIAA AOAA NAUAcAAEA AAoAUAC Why do not go playing around? Doushite anata wa Tanaka san wo AAIAA ACaiAiCeCe IauCeAUAC Why do not you wait for mr.
Tanaka? Itsu AEA Question mark itsu O AEAO means Au Ay.
In its use itsu can be placed according to its needs Itsu Nihon e kimashitaka? AEAuuA yuaUAC When have you arrived at Japan? Anata Indonesia ACa AEACEEOEsCCA COAAoAUAC When you will come home to Indonesia? Ikutsu AEa Ikutsu is a question word .
to ask how many or how many pieces.
Tamago wa ikutsu arimasuka? aiA AEaCCOAAoAUAC How many eggs are there? Kyoushitsu ni ikutsu no tsukue ga ioA AEa aOAUACCO AAoAUAC In the classroom how many tables are Ikura AEAaCO The word ask to ask the "price" of But it can also ask the amount of something.
Ookii bara no hana wa ippon ikura AsAEACOAOA Au AEAaCO AAoAUAC How big roses do a sprig cost? Ikura ga hikemasuka? AEAaCOAU AAcAAoAUAC How much can it be reduced? Nani AA The word tanya nani( A A ) means "what" is used specifically to ask objects.
In its use nani becomes nan if:
The word that follows it begins with a letter AnA.
AdA, dan AtA Sore wa nan desuka? AyCUA iAAoAUAC What is that ? Nan no hon desuka? iA uAAoAUAC What book? Nan to iimasuka?.
iaEAAoAUAC What it say? To ask a number or numbers.
Teresa chan wa nan sai desuka? EIECAACECeA iAAoAUAC How old is Teresa? Enpitsu wa nan bon arimasuka? AOCea iuACCOAAoAUAC How many pencils are there? The use of nani with the auxiliary word 'mo' is always followed by a form of denying which means "it's okay" and is not a question sentence anymore but rather a sentence of absolute denial.
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Reizoko no ue ni wa nani mo IiAAOA AiCCACCOAAuCeAC There Above Kare wa nani mo wakarimasen.
A iCCOIAUCOAAEAC He does not know (Chandra, 2000 : .
Stating something unclear followed by an auxiliary word AukaAy OAUO Nani ka arimasuka? iAU ACCOAAoAUAC Is there something? Nani ka shinpai na koto arun desuka? iAU EIsAAeAACCUCeAAoAUAC Is there something making you (Ogawa, 1998 : .
Stating something a clear statement
using an auxiliary word AugaAy Soko ni nani ga arimasuka? AyAeA iAUACCOAAoAUAC
What is there? Anata
ACa auy iCe ao
AUAC
What do you drink every morning? To say yes or justification in add demo Nihon ryouri wa nan de mo uunoaIA iACC ACOCUA AoAC What Any Japanese cuisine I can eat? Mainichi undou shite, nan demo taberu youni shite imasu.
auAUUiaiACCACUCOAI aEAAoAC Every morning I exercise and don't pick and choose food.
RESEARCH METHOD
The quantitative research study was applied to this study (Moss.
Lynch, and OAoD The population in this study were all students of the Japanese Language Education Study Program FBS Unima.
The sample of this research is students in semester 2 of 2021/2022 class A and class B, totaling 30 people with the method used in this study is the descriptive To obtain complete and accurate data, the researchers used research tools in the form of tests.
This test is equipped with an implementation guide and consists of 15 numbers.
The steps taken in collecting research data are as follows: developing research conducting instrument trials.
collect from research subjects through instruments that have been tested earlier The first step in this data collection process is to develop a research The developed instrument is in the form of an ability test which is divided into choosing and translating questions.
The test material given is in the form of question words that have been studied previously in the book Minna No Nihongo.
The next step is testing the The existing instruments were distributed to research subjects, namely students of the Japanese Language Education Program Semester II FBS Unima.
The data from this study were processed using the following formula:
% = x 100 Information :
% =
Percent Total respondents who answered correctly N = Total respondents JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
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Fixed number(Ali, 1985: .
The data that has been collected through the test results are then analyzed with the following procedure .
midentify the placement of the question word .
, each question word that appears is identified according to its function, .
identify the question word .
that is incorrectly placed according to the number of respondents who answered incorrectly, .
massign a score or value to each number.
In this case, the respondent is expected to get a score of 100 out of 15 questions The researcher assigns a score based on the number of true and false of the 15 questions given, to determine the level of the respondent's ability.
The standards used for the assessment of percentage figures are as follows:
Table 1.
Percentage of standard values of Number Perce Ability Level Capable Has not been able to RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The score of each research subject will be described through a table, as well as the total score of part I multiplied by 5 and the total score of part II is multiplied by 10.
The expected result is that all research subjects get a score of 100.
In the table below, the symbol "B" indicates correct AuSAy incorrect answer.
Table 2.
Data tabulation of student ability test results using question words by students of the Japanese language education program FBS UNIMA Test I Serial Subject Test II Score Right Score Total JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
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After the data is tabulated as table 2, then it is processed based on the percentage formula, namely n/N x 100.
Table 3.
Analysis of the level of student mastery of Question words for each question.
Number of Respondents No.
Proble (Perso.
Who answered correctly Who answered wrong Person Person Amount Total Test Results:
= 46.
= 211 x 100
___
Table 3 shows that there are 30 respondents with a total of 15 questions These numbers and questions can be broken down as follows:
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Question number 1 can be answered by 20 people or 66.
Question number 2 can be answered by 12 people or 40% Question number 3 can be answered by 21 people or 70% Question number 4 can be answered by 17 people or 56.
Question number 5 can be answered by 17 people or 56.
Question number 6 can be answered by 4 people or 13.
Question number 7 can be answered by 17 people or 56.
Question number 8 can be answered by 18 people or 60% Question number 9 can be answered by 16 people or 53.
Question number 10 can be answered by 9 people or 30% Question number 11 can be answered by 14 people or 46.
Question number 12 can be answered by 9 people or 30% Question number 13 can be answered by 11 people or 36.
Question number 14 can be answered by 3 people or 10% Question number 15 can be answered by 23 or 76.
Furthermore, the level of difficulty of the test questions can be seen in table 4:
Table 4: Easy questions and difficult Number Question Number of Respondents who answered True Perso The table above shows that the question that is easy to answer is question This question can be answered correctly by 23 people or 76.
Question 3 can be answered correctly by 21 people or 70%, while question number 1 can be answered correctly by 20 people or Question number 8 can be answered correctly by 18 people or 60% then questions number 4,5 and 7 can be answered correctly by 17 people or 56.
Furthermore, question number 9 can be answered correctly by 16 people or 53.
Question number 11 can be answered correctly by 4 people or 46.
Question number 2 can be answered correctly by 12 people or 40%, question number 13 can be answered correctly by 11 people or 36.
then questions number 10 and 12 can be answered correctly by 9 people or 30%.
Furthermore, question number 6 can be answered correctly by 4 people or 13.
The criteria or standard values determined to conduct research on the percentages obtained by respondents in this study.
If the student's ability level states 50%, it means that the student is able to use question words .
in Japanese sentences well.
However, if the student's ability level is 50%, it means that the student has not been able to use question words .
in Japanese Based on the results of data analysis using the percentage formula, it is known that the level of student ability in using question words .
in JELLT (Journal of English Language and Literature Teachin.
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Japanese sentences is 46.
accordance with the assessment criteria that have been determined above, the overall level of ability to use question words .
in Japanese sentences shows 50%.
Thus, based on the available data, it can be concluded that the second semester students of the FBS UNIMA Japanese language education program have not been able to use question words .
in sentences properly.
This conclusion is based on the achievement of the overall score which shows 46.
9% and this value is below the range of values of CONCLUSION From the results of this study, it is known that the second semester students of the Japanese Language Education Program FBS Manado State University do not understand the use of question words .
well, the hypothesis can be accepted based on the results of the study that it is known that the respondents who were the research subjects with 30 people only achieved a score of 46, 9 % or within the range of values 50 %.
Thus, second semester Japanese students have not mastered how to use question words .
in sentences.
This can be seen from the answers given by the From the results of the study, it can be seen that students are still lacking in training themselves in terms of composing Japanese sentences using question words .
Referring to the value obtained, which is 46.
9%, which is in the range of values that are still low, teaching about gimonshi needs to be further improved as well as intensive training in composing Japanese sentences, especially sentences that use question words .
REFERENCES