JURNAL KAJIAN BALI
Hlm. 01­—

Journal of Bali Studies

p-ISSN 2088-4443 # e-ISSN 2580-0698 Volume 15, Number 01, April 2025

Quantum Tourism in Bali: Integrating Cultural
Heritage with Advanced Technologies for
a Transformative Travel Experience
Ni Made Eka Mahadewi1* , Ida Bagus Putu Puja2 , I Wayan Mertha3,
Vijay Singh Rathore4 , Norol Hamiza Zamzuri5
1,2,3
Bali Tourism Polytechnic, Indonesia
4
Shree Kkarni Universe College, Jaipur, India
5
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2025.v15.i01.p08

Abstract: Quantum tourism is an emerging phenomenon that integrates traditional
tourism experiences with advanced technological, cultural, and spiritual dimensions.
This study aims to explore the application of quantum tourism in Bali, analyzing how
cultural and spiritual elements, alongside emerging technologies, can be synergized
to enhance the tourism experience. The research employs a mixed method approach,
where qualitative approach using interviews, data from previous studies, and
quantitative approach using surveys with key stakeholders in Bali’s tourism industry.
Combination of survey modes used were directed to the available sample frame. The
findings enhance the conceptual understanding of quantum tourism by highlighting
the quantum technology and central role of Bali’s spiritual energy, taksu, in shaping
tourist experiences. However, the study also reveals the underutilization of advanced
technologies such as IoT and AI. Findings suggest that, in times of uncertainty,
investing in quantum technologies and sustainable practices could bolster Bali’s hotel,
travel and tourism industry, ensuring it remains competitive and culturally authentic.
Keywords: quantum tourism; cultural heritage; taksu; travel experiences; Bali

1. Introduction
ourism in Bali is a major economic force, contributing significantly to both
the island’s GDP and Indonesia’s overall tourism revenue (Artini et al.,
2020; Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, 2023; The Ministry Of Tourism
And Creative Economy/Agency Of Tourism And Creative Economic, 2023).
It supports a large portion of the local population through direct and indirect

T
*

Corresponding author’s email: eka.mahadewi@ppb.ac.id
Submitted: 7 July 2024; Accepted: 6 April 2025; Published: April 2025
Copyright © 2025 by the author (s). This article is published by Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies),
University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia, under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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employment (Ahmad, 2022; Tajeddini et al., 2017), while also promoting the
preservation of Balinese culture (Picard, 1998; Pickel-Chevalier & Ketut, 2016).
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a sharp decline in the industry (Nuruddin et
al., 2020; Abbas et al., 2021; UNWTO, 2023), but efforts are underway to recover
through domestic tourism promotion and sustainable tourism initiatives
(Lenggogeni & Syafrizal, 2023; Mulyana et al., 2024; Schönherr et al., 2023). While
challenges like environmental concerns remain, the Indonesian government and
local authorities are working towards diversification and responsible growth to
ensure the long-term viability of Indonesia tourism sector (Cahyadi & Newsome,
2021; Rosalina et al., 2023; Tranter et al., 2022). The tourism industry faces several
pressing challenges that demand innovative strategies for sustainable growth.
One significant issue is over-tourism (Chong, 2020), where popular destinations
are overwhelmed by excessive visitor numbers (Baumgart, 2024; Cheung & Li,
2019; Windi Wicaksono, 2024). This strain can lead to infrastructure deterioration,
overcrowding, and diminished tourist experiences (Chaney & Séraphin, 2023;
Sustainable Travel International, 2024). As a result, local residents may face
disruptions to their daily lives, leading to social tensions and the loss of a
destination’s charm (Duignan et al., 2022; Higgins-Desbiolles, 2021).
Cultural degradation is another concern, where the influx of tourists can
dilute or commercialize local traditions and practices (Howe, 2006). Authentic
cultural experiences are at risk of being commodified, eroding the essence of
a destination’s identity (Mckean, 1989). From an environmental sustainability
standpoint, tourism contributes to pollution, resource depletion, and habitat
destruction. Popular natural destinations face threats from excessive waste,
damage to ecosystems, and unsustainable land use (Baloch et al., 2023). Climate
change further compounds these challenges, increasing the urgency for ecofriendly tourism practices (Scott, 2021). Lastly, there is a growing need for
innovation in tourism strategies. To adapt to these challenges, the industry
must explore new approaches, such as digital marketing, responsible tourism,
and personalized travel experiences that balance economic benefits with
sustainability. Incorporating technology, local partnerships, and environmental
stewardship into tourism planning can create a more resilient and sustainable
industry (El Archi et al., 2023; Hoang, 2023; Raji et al., 2024).
Quantum tourism, in the technological sense, refers to the application
of advanced technologies derived from quantum computing, quantum
communication, and quantum-inspired algorithms in the tourism industry.
These technologies can revolutionize data processing, predictive modeling, and
personalized experiences for travelers. For instance, quantum computing could
enable rapid analysis of vast datasets to optimize travel itineraries, manage
tourism flows, and enhance sustainability practices (Aithal, 2023; K S et al., 2024;
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Wang et al., 2021). Quantum communication, with its potential for ultra-secure
data transmission, could be applied to ensure the privacy and security of traveler
information in an increasingly digitalized world (Goldner et al., 2015; Huda et
al., 2024; Jawad et al., 2023; Kalla et al., 2022; Shahjalal et al., 2023). Quantum
tourism, in a metaphysical sense, extends the concept of quantum physics
particularly the principles of superposition and entanglement into the realm
of human experience and consciousness during travel (Ponte & Schäfer, 2013).
It posits that tourism is not merely a physical journey but a multidimensional
experience that transcends time and space (Scuttari, 2021). This perspective
suggests that travelers can exist in multiple states of awareness, interacting
with both the material and spiritual aspects of a destination simultaneously
(Heidari et al., 2018). The idea of entanglement could be interpreted as the
deep connection that travelers form with the places they visit, creating a lasting
impact on their perception and consciousness (Swayne, 2024).
The purpose of this article is to explore how quantum strategies both
technological and metaphysical can be applied to tourism, with a focus on Bali
and other culturally rich destinations. By integrating cutting-edge quantum
technologies with the cultural depth and spiritual heritage of these places, the
article aims to propose innovative approaches to tourism that enhance visitor
experiences while promoting sustainability and cultural preservation. It will
delve into how these strategies can be used to create a more interconnected,
personalized, and transformative travel experience, positioning Bali and similar
destinations at the forefront of the global tourism industry.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Overview of Quantum Theories in Tourism
Quantum tourism is an emerging concept that integrates principles from
quantum theory with tourism management and experience creation. Quantum
physics emphasizes the interconnectedness of all particles, regardless of distance
(Aspect et al., 1982; Carvacho et al., 2022; Ellis, 2024; Nielson & Chuang, 2010;
Zeilinger, 2005). In the context of tourism, this concept suggests that all elements
of the tourism experience—destinations, travelers, and the environment—
are deeply interconnected (Breiby et al., 2020). This interconnectedness can be
leveraged to create more holistic and immersive tourism experiences (Tran, 2024).
In quantum theory, energy fields represent the forces that exist between
particles (Hooft, 2007; Nastase, 2019; Peskin, 2018; Weinberg, 1995). Similarly,
in tourism, the concept of energy fields can be metaphorically applied to
describe the invisible yet powerful connections that exist between a place and
its visitors (Pearce, 1988; Ramkissoon & Uysal, 2011; Rifani, 2021; Ryan, 2003),
in destinations like Bali, the local culture and spirituality create a unique energy
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field that attracts tourists seeking more than just physical relaxation but also
spiritual rejuvenation (Picard, 1998; Rafael et al., 2024). Quantum computing’s
potential for processing vast amounts of data in real-time can revolutionize
how tourism is managed (Akoh Atadoga et al., 2024; Quantum News, 2024).
2.2 Spiritual and Cultural Dimensions of Tourism in Bali
Bali, known for its rich spiritual heritage and cultural vibrancy (Berger, 2013),
offers a fertile ground for exploring the metaphysical aspects of quantum tourism.
Several works discuss the spiritual and cultural dimensions of tourism in Bali,
particularly emphasizing the concept of taksu—a Balinese term that refers to spiritual
energy or charisma that enhances artistic and cultural performances (Mariasa, 2015).
Taksu is believed to be a divine energy that infuses individuals and places with an
extraordinary quality, making experiences deeply memorable and transformative
for tourists (DIBIA, 2012). Taksu is considered a critical element in creating authentic
and spiritually enriching experiences for tourists in Bali (Yusa, 2020).
The spiritual and cultural practices in Bali, such as traditional dance, temple
ceremonies, and rituals, are deeply intertwined with the concept of taksu (Suranto
et al., 2020). These practices offer tourists a unique opportunity to immerse
themselves in the local culture and connect with the spiritual essence of the place
(Verheijen & Darma Putra, 2020). The experiences are not only memorable but
also transformative, as they allow tourists to engage with the cultural and spiritual
dimensions of the destination on a deeper level (Jarratt & Sharpley, 2017).
2.3 What Quantum Tourism is all about?
Quantum tourism is a relatively new terminology, that laverage quantum
to create unique and immersive travel experiences (Bretos et al., 2024; Song et al.,
2024; Zhan et al., 2023). Scope and limitation of quantum tourism in this study
is quantum physic, quantum mechanic, quantum field theory (QFT), tangible
– intangible products, visible-invisible energy as the quantum products that
useful for tourism (Ahuja & Mukhopadhyay, 2023; Bulchand-gidumal et al.,
2024; Nguyen, 2024; Shu, 2024; Si-tou, 2024; Speirs, 2024;Verma et al., 2022).
Quantum tourism is the adoption and implementation of product base
quantum physic to tourism. Quantum tourism is an emerging concept that
integrated quantum physic, including quantum technologies and principles
into the tourism industry, focusing on enhacing the smart travel experience and
promoting sustainable practices.
3. Research Method
This study uses a mixed method approach to critically analyze Balinese
cultural tourism and compare it with the concept of quantum tourism. Interviews
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with tourism workers and academics provide insights into the application of
quantum technology in tourism. Textual analysis is used to identify key themes
and compare them with existing literature.
Data collection for this study involved a combination of previous research,
literature review, and stakeholders responses regarding the implementation of
quantum for Bali tourism. A survey by online survey, telephone or whatsappcall survey and face to face (FTF) interviews was conducted to situated
the study within the phenomenom of quantum with technology, cultural,
interconnectedness, energy flow, vibration and frequencies in Bali spiritual
integration. Combination of survey modes take advantage of the strength of two
or more survey modes, while reducing their disadvantages (Stopher & Stecher,
2006). For this study, with the online survey, the problem of non-coverage can
be resolved by face to face, telephone or whatsapp-call interviewing of the
respondents that have not familiar by googleforms.
The research respondents consisted of tourism stakeholders from
the regional level, including operational personnel in the tourism industry,
tourism academics, tourism workers, and professionals in the fields of tourism,
hospitality, media, and tourism business. A total of 101 respondents were
willing to contribute to the response, show detail on Table 1.
Table 1. Respondent Demographics
Category Subcategory
Gender
Male
Female
Age
Under 25
25-34
35-44
45-54
55 and above
Profession Academics
Tourism Workers
Tourism Operational Personnel
Hospitality Workers
Media Professionals
Tourism Business
Education High School Diploma or Equivalent
Associate Degree or Specialized
Certification
Bachelor's Degree
Master's Degree & Doctorate
Source: Research Findings (2025)

208

Frequency
55
46
40
30
20
8
3
25
20
15
10
15
16
15
25

Percentage (%)
54.5%
45.5%
39.6%
29.7%
19.8%
7.9%
3.0%
24.8%
19.8%
14.9%
9.9%
14.9%
15.8%
14.9%
24.8%

40
21

39.6%
20.8%

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Quantum Tourism in Bali: Integrating Cultural Heritage with Advanced ...

To ensure comprehensive insights, this study adopts a mixed-methods
approach, combining quantitative data from large-scale surveys with purposive
sampling for broad statistical representation with qualitative data gathered
through in-depth interviews with key person such as academics and business
people. Open and closed questions model were created into the survey.
The study emphasizes gender balance for inclusive representation, with a
gender proportions of 54.5%male and 45.5% female respondents. With 39.6%
participants under 25, the findings underscore the crucial role of technology
adaptation in younger demographics.
Nearly seven in ten respondents (69.3%) belonged to the under-35 age
brackets (<25 and 25-34 years), while the professional composition blended
academic (24.8%), tourism workers (19.8%), and media professionals (14.9%)
provided a holistic cross-sectoral perspective. The sample’s high education
level (60.4% holding bachelor’s degrees or higher) aligns with the study’s focus
on abstract concepts like quantum tourism, taksu, and quantum technology
integration, which require advanced cognitive frameworks. This educational
profile synergizes with Bali’s dual identity as a cultural and innovation hub,
reflected in the combined 44.6% representation of academics and tourism
workers, key stakeholders bridging traditional knowledge and technological
experimentation.
This study sample includes tourism workers (19.8%) who serve as cultural
ambassadors at spiritual sites (e.g., explaining taksu to visitors), hospitality
workers (9.9%) who blend accommodation services with Balinese healing
traditions, and operational personnel (14.9%) who address logistical challenges
like sustainable tourist flow management, together representing 44.6% of
respondents and reflecting Bali’s integrated ecosystem of cultural preservation,
wellness tourism, and tech-driven sustainability. Big-picture insight highlights
the combined 44.6% representation as evidence of Bali’s tourism ecosystem.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1 Result
4.1.1 Quantum Tourism Framework
Quantum Tourism is an emerging concept rooted in the principles of
quantum mechanics, adapted to the tourism sector to explore the dynamic and
interconnected nature of modern travel experiences. This framework draws on
key quantum concepts, including energy flow, interconnectedness, and realtime adaptation, to understand and enhance the interactions between tourists,
destinations, and cultural heritage in a rapidly evolving technological landscape
(Figure 1).
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Figure 1. Quantum Tourism Concept (Source: Quantum Tourism Concepts
adopted and generated from Anggraini, 2015; Irfan et al., 2023; Lee et al., 2018;
Dass, 2013; Picard, 1998)
4.1.2 Energy Flow
In quantum tourism, the concept of energy flow relates to the dynamic
exchanges between tourists and their environments (Irfan et al., 2023). This could
involve the transfer of cultural energy, emotions, and experiences that occur
during interactions at a destination (Joo et al., 2023; Lu et al., 2024; Sterchele,
2020; Xiang et al., 2023). For instance, the energy flow in Bali’s tourism might be
conceptualized as the transfer of spiritual energy (Choe & Mahyuni, 2023), like
the local concept of taksu, which represents the inner charisma or spiritual aura
perceived in cultural experiences (Anggraini, 2015).
Quantum theory emphasizes the interconnectedness of particles
(Marinescu & Marinescu, 2012), which can be applied to tourism to understand
the deep interrelations between different aspects of the tourism experience.
In the context of quantum tourism, this interconnectedness can be seen in the
way technology, culture, and the environment are interwoven to create holistic
travel experiences (Cerdá-Mansilla et al., 2024; Hoang, 2023). A tourist’s journey
is not just about visiting a place but also about interacting with the local culture,
engaging with digital platforms, and being part of a global network of travelers
(European Commission, 2023).
Quantum mechanics’ principle of superposition (Daas, 2013) where
systems exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed, parallels the need
for destinations to adapt in real-time to the changing needs and expectations of
tourists (Long, 2017). Quantum tourism encourages the use of technologies such
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as AI and real-time data analytics to dynamically adapt tourism services and
experiences, ensuring that they are always relevant and appealing to travelers
(Jaelani et al., 2024; Samara et al., 2020; Srivastava et al., 2021).
Quantum tourism also involves such as integrating cultural and spiritual
elements into the travel experience (Picard, 1998), blending traditional practices
with modern technological advancements (Wiweka & Pickel-Chevalier, 2022).
Theoretical perspectives on the intersection of cultural tourism and technology
highlight how digital tools can be used to preserve and promote cultural heritage
while simultaneously offering immersive and personalized experiences.
Theories on cultural tourism emphasize the importance of authenticity
and the preservation of cultural heritage (Lee et al., 2020). In the quantum
tourism framework, technology serves as a tool to enhance these cultural
experiences rather than replace them. Virtual reality (VR), augmented reality
(AR), and other digital platforms can provide deeper engagement with cultural
sites, allowing tourists to explore historical contexts, understand local customs,
and even participate in cultural rituals from afar (Allal-Chérif, 2022).
In Bali, taksu is the spiritual charisma or life force that is believed to be
present in both people and places (Picard, 1998). This concept is central to the
island’s cultural and spiritual life. In the context of quantum tourism, taksu
can be seen as a form of energy that tourists interact with during their visits.
Theoretical perspectives on energy in cultural contexts suggest that such
spiritual elements can be vital in creating meaningful and transformative travel
experiences (Willson et al., 2013). Quantum tourism thus incorporates this
spiritual energy into its framework, offering tourists an experience that is not
just physical but also spiritual and emotional.
4.1.3 Quantum Tourism from Stakeholders Perspective
By coding open-ended responses from 101 diverse respondents most of
them with 39.6% representing young generation who tech-adaptation, with
29.7% from age 25-34, with 19.8% from age 35-44, and from stakeholders
profession as academics, tourism workers, operational personnel, hospitality
workers, media professionals, and tourism business. The 11 definitions of
quantum tourism emerged from qualitative analysis of open ended responses
collected from 101 respondents, and 89 responses collected. All respondents were
given an equal opportunity to fill in the answers to the questions regarding the
definition of quantum tourism. Each perspective is attributed using respondents
identifiers with coding from 1 to 101. Through thematic coding, similar
definitions were grouped when at least 9 respondents expressed conceptually
aligned interpretations, resulting in 11 distinct definitional clusters that reflect
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concencus patterns. The following table shows the grouping of definitions from
research respondent input (Table 2).
Table 2. Grouping Responses for Quantum Tourism Definition
Respondent Number

Raw Definition / Attribute

1, 4, 8, 22, 68, 76, 85, 21

0 – with no definition

2, 3, 86, 88, 19, 20, 57,69

1 – travel motivation: joy, happy

7, 10, 23, 38, 39, 40, 68, 75

2 – culture, energy

5,6, 11, 24, 25, 58, 67, 74

3 – quality, sustainability

13, 14, 15, 45, 56, 59, 73, 83

4 – new environment

22, 27, 42, 43, 44, 60, 71, 72

5 – comfortable travel

26, 28, 47, 48, 49, 61, 70, 82

6- new form of travel

9,84, 41, 46, 54, 62, 76,87

7 – quantum technology

12, 29, 30, 50, 53, 63, 77, 81

8 – travel experiences

89, 31, 32, 33, 52, 64, 78

9 – smart trip, digitaization

17, 18, 34, 51, 55, 65, 79, 84, 86

10 – safety and security

16, 35, 36, 37, 87, 66, 80

11 – travel planning

Source: Data research (2025)

In order to prove scientific truth, system approaches are used from
various stakeholder inputs including input from tourism academician on the
definition of quantum tourism, several definitions related to quantum tourism
can be given as shown on Table 3.
Table 3. Atrributes for Definition of Quantum Tourism from Stakeholders
Perspective
No
Quantum Tourism Definition
1

2

212

Quantum tourism is a travel activity from the origin area to the tourist
destination area that prioritizes the quality of tourism travel by utilizing, using
quantum technology to improve the travel experience and tourism services,
including aspects such as smart trip planning, data security, and more
personalized interaction in travel; and the goal of gaining self-tranquility,
giving and or gaining happiness, acceptance in a new environment, seeking
answers in the destination for previous ignorance, giving and/or getting love,
joy, obtaining peace and even to get enlightenment in the tourist destination
area.
Quantum tourism is a travel concept that emphasizes unique, transformative,
and immersive experiences for travelers, often involving interaction with
technology, culture, and the natural environment that utilizes the basic
principles of quantum mechanics

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No

Quantum Tourism in Bali: Integrating Cultural Heritage with Advanced ...

Quantum Tourism Definition

3

Quantum tourism is the development of quality and sustainable cultural
tourism by utilizing and applying quantum physics
4 Quantum tourism is a tourist travel activity that aims to gain peace of mind
and be accepted in a new environment.
5 Quantum tourism is a tourist activity that uses quantum-based technology
that makes travel easier and more comfortable to travel.
6 Quantum tourism is a new form of travel that integrates quantum technology
into tourism services and experiences
7 Quantum tourism is the convergence of quantum technology with the
travel industry, hospitality and tourism industry which involves the use of
technology such as quantum computing, quantum cryptography, quantum
sensors, and other quantum technologies in improving the experience in
various aspects of tourism.
8 Quantum tourism is a travel concept that emphasizes a unique, transformative
and immersive experience for travelers, often involving technology
interaction, culture and the natural environment that utilizes the fundamental
principles of quantum mechanics.
9 Quantum tourism is a term that refers to the use of quantum technology to
improve travel experiences and tourism services, including aspects of smart
trip planning, data security, and more personalized interactions in travel
based on modern technology.
10 Quantum tourism aims to provide services that are more advanced, safe,
efficient and tailored to the needs of travelers/tourists. Examples of quantum
implementation in tourism include optimal route planning, personalized
travel recommendations, security in payment and data protection, and the
development of virtual reality experiences to visualize destinations and
tourist attractions.
11 Quantum tourism involves applying quantum computing, sensing, or
communication technologies to enhance travel planning, security, and
personalized experienced.
Source: Research Findings, 2025.

This study found and synthesized definition of quantum tourism
incorporating of 11 attributed key terms and previous research:
“Quantum tourism is a transformative travel paradigm where visitors seek joy,
happiness, peace, love, and enlightment through immersive cultural experiences
energized by spiritual and technological synergy. Quantum tourism combining
quantum technology and frequency, energy, vibration. Its prioritizes quality and
sustainability in a new environment, blending comfortable travel with innovative
forms of exploration. By integrating quantum technology, smart trips, and
digitalization, it redefines travel experiences as interconnected journeys that
harmonize physical, emotional, and digital dimensions.”

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4.2 Discussion
Quantum tourism is a burgeoning concept that integrates traditional
tourism experiences with advanced technological, cultural, and spiritual
dimensions. This multifaceted approach seeks to create transformative travel
experiences by embracing the principles of quantum concepts, such as energy
flow, interconnectedness, and real-time adaptation. Bali, with its rich cultural
heritage and deep spiritual roots, offers a fertile ground for the application of
quantum tourism (Photo 1). This paper explores how these quantum tourism
concepts are manifested in Bali and analyze the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats associated with implementing quantum tourism in
this unique destination.

Photo 1. Interconnectedness, Energy Flow, Kemetug-Gunung Salak Tabanan
view, Bunut Sakti/Batur Sakti Temple – Pura ring Gunung Salak (Photos the first
author’s personal collection, 2025).
In quantum tourism, the concept of energy flow refers to the dynamic
exchanges between tourists and their environments. In Bali, this energy flow is
particularly evident in the interaction between tourists and the island’s spiritual
and cultural energies. As many as 92.1% of respondents indicated that they use
smartphones as their primary tool in tourism-related activities, suggesting that
while technological energy flow is present, it is still in its nascent stages. The
concept of taksu, a form of spiritual energy unique to Bali, plays a crucial role in
this exchange. Taksu is perceived as the inner charisma or spiritual aura that is
central to cultural experiences in Bali.
The study further reveals that 57.4% of respondents were familiar
with the term “quantum tourism,” and 73 respondents affirmed that culturebased quantum tourism has been implemented in Bali. This suggests that the
energy flow in Bali’s tourism is predominantly cultural and spiritual, with
technology acting as a supportive but not yet dominant force. The qualitative
feedback emphasized that the tourist experience in Bali is deeply influenced by
the island’s spiritual energy, highlighting the importance of maintaining this
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unique cultural energy while integrating technological advancements.
Quantum concepts emphasize the interconnectedness of particles, a concept
that can be applied to tourism to understand the deep interrelations between
different aspects of the tourism experience. In Bali, this interconnectedness
is reflected in the way the island’s culture, environment, and technology are
interwoven to create holistic travel experiences. The study showed that 95% of
tourists visit Bali for recreational purposes, with 55.4% specifically aiming to
experience Balinese culture. This underscores the interconnectedness of Bali’s
cultural offerings and the motivations of its visitors. Bali’s quantum tourism
framework involves a seamless blend of cultural and technological elements,
where tourists not only engage with the local culture but also interact with
digital platforms. However, the study notes that while 61 responses indicated
that technology-based quantum tourism has been implemented, there is still
significant room for growth in integrating more advanced technologies such as
the Internet of Things (IoT) and real-time data analytics. The interconnectedness
of cultural and technological aspects in Bali’s tourism is crucial for creating
a comprehensive and immersive travel experience that appeals to both the
spiritual and modern sensibilities of tourists.
The principle of superposition in quantum mechanics, where systems
exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed, parallels the need for
destinations to adapt in real-time to the changing needs and expectations of
tourists . In the context of Bali, real-time adaptation is essential for maintaining
the relevance and appeal of tourism services. The study highlights that despite
the growing use of smartphones, more advanced quantum technologies,
such as AI and real-time data analytics, are still underutilized. The potential
for real-time adaptation in Bali’s tourism is significant. By leveraging these
technologies, Bali can dynamically adjust its tourism offerings based on realtime data, ensuring that the experiences provided are always aligned with the
current preferences and expectations of tourists. This would not only enhance
the tourist experience but also contribute to more sustainable tourism practices
by allowing for better management of resources and tourist flows, especially
in addressing issues such as congestion and waste management, which were
identified as major challenges in the study.
Cultural and spiritual integration is a cornerstone of quantum tourism,
particularly in a destination like Bali, where spiritual and cultural elements
are deeply intertwined with the daily lives of the locals and the experiences
of visitors. The study revealed that 83.2% of tourists visit Bali to seek pleasure,
with 44.6% aiming for peace and 38.6% to realize a dream of visiting Bali.
These motivations highlight the importance of integrating cultural and
spiritual elements into the tourism experience. In quantum tourism, this
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integration involves blending traditional practices with modern technological
advancements. For instance, digital tools can be used to enhance cultural
heritage experiences, offering immersive and personalized encounters with
Bali’s rich traditions. The study suggests that while cultural tourism is well
established, with 71.3% of respondents advocating for investment in cultural
preservation, the integration of technology to enhance these experiences is still
in its early stages. The concept of taksu remains central, serving as a bridge
between the spiritual and physical realms, and technology can be employed to
make these spiritual experiences more accessible to a broader audience.
The integration of technology in cultural tourism is essential for the
evolution of quantum tourism in Bali. The study indicates that while cultural
tourism is a significant draw for visitors, with 95% visiting for recreational
purposes and 55.4% to experience Balinese culture, the use of technology
to enhance these experiences is still developing. Virtual Reality (VR) and
Augmented Reality (AR) technologies offer opportunities to deepen tourists’
engagement with cultural sites, allowing them to explore historical contexts,
understand local customs, and even participate in cultural rituals from afar.In
the context of quantum tourism, technology serves as a tool to enhance rather
than replace cultural experiences.
The study’s findings suggest that while there is an awareness of the
need for technological investment, with 61.4% of respondents supporting
infrastructure investment in technology, the actual implementation of these
technologies is still limited. This presents an opportunity for Bali to lead in the
adoption of quantum technologies in tourism, creating a more engaging and
sustainable tourism model that leverages both cultural heritage and modern
technology. Taksu is the spiritual charisma or life force believed to be present
in both people and places in Bali, and it plays a significant role in the island’s
cultural and spiritual life. The concept of taksu is central to Bali’s quantum
tourism framework, offering tourists an experience that is not just physical but
also spiritual and emotional.
According to the study the presence of taksu is a key factor in the tourist
experience, with qualitative feedback emphasizing its importance in creating a
meaningful and transformative travel experience. The study highlights that Bali’s
strength in quantum tourism lies in its unique blend of natural beauty, cultural
richness, and spiritual energy. However, challenges such as environmental
pollution and waste management, identified by 69.3% of respondents, threaten
this delicate balance. Addressing these challenges while preserving the island’s
taksu is crucial for maintaining Bali’s appeal as a quantum tourism destination.
This requires a holistic approach that integrates sustainable practices with the
preservation of spiritual and cultural heritage.
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Quantum Tourism in Bali: Integrating Cultural Heritage with Advanced ...

Photo 2. Adoption of quantum technologies in travel & tourism, intuz.com
(Pratik, 2025)
Bali’s deep spiritual roots and rich cultural heritage are significant
strengths in the context of quantum tourism. The concept of taksu provides a
unique selling point that distinguishes Bali from other destinations. There is a
growing awareness among stakeholders about the importance of integrating
technology into tourism. With 92.1% of respondents using smartphones for
tourism-related activities, there is a strong foundation for further technological
integration (Photo 2). Quantum tourism’s emphasis on interconnectedness
and real-time adaptation aligns well with Bali’s existing tourism model, which
already integrates cultural, spiritual, and natural elements.
Underutilization of Advanced Technologies: Despite the awareness of the need
for technological investment, advanced quantum technologies such as IoT and
AI are still underutilized. This limits Bali’s ability to fully implement a quantum
tourism framework. Issues such as waste management and environmental
pollution, highlighted by 69.3% of respondents, pose significant threats to the
sustainability of Bali’s tourism industry.The study indicates that the carrying
capacity of tourists in Bali has not been adequately addressed. Uncontrolled
tourist inflows could lead to over-tourism, diminishing the quality of the visitor
experience and harming the environment.
Investment in Quantum Technologies: There is a clear opportunity to
invest in advanced technologies that can enhance the tourism experience. This
includes developing infrastructure for IoT, AI, VR, and AR, which can provide
deeper engagement with cultural and spiritual elements. With the growing
global interest in spiritual tourism, Bali is well-positioned to attract tourists
seeking transformative experiences. The island’s spiritual energy, embodied in
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the concept of taksu, is a unique asset that can be leveraged in marketing efforts.
Bali has the opportunity to lead in sustainable tourism practices by integrating
quantum technologies that promote environmental conservation and resource
management. The study highlights concern about cultural shifts, with 44.6% of
respondents noting this as a potential issue. With 44.6% of respondents working
in tourism (19.8%), hospitality (9.9%), and operation (14.9%), these findings
underscore the need for policies that align cultural storytelling, wellness service
standards, and green infrastructure development in Bali’s tourism sector.
The influx of mass tourism and the adoption of new technologies could
lead to the erosion of traditional practices and values. The implementation of
quantum technologies comes with significant challenges, including high costs,
technical complexity, and the need for specialized infrastructure. These barriers
could slow down the adoption of quantum tourism practices. As quantum
tourism becomes more popular, Bali will face increased competition from other
destinations that may also adopt similar models. This underscores the need
for Bali to continuously innovate and differentiate itself in the global tourism
market.
5. Conclusion
The study has identified Bali as an ideal destination for the application
of quantum tourism, a concept that integrates traditional tourism with
technological, cultural, and spiritual dimensions. The purpose of this article
is to investigate the application of quantum startegies, encompassing both
technological advancements (AI, IoT, quantum computing) and metaphysical
principles (in Bali as taksu or energy based experiences, the unseen power).
The research reveals that while Bali’s tourism is deeply rooted in its cultural
and spiritual energy, particularly through the concept of taksu, the integration
of advanced quantum technologies remains in its early stages.
The study found of tourists use smartphones for tourism-related
activities, and respondents are familiar with quantum tourism, that Bali has
a unique opportunity to lead in the field of quantum tourism by leveraging
its rich cultural heritage and spiritual energy while investing in advanced
technologies such as IoT, AI, VR, and AR. These technologies can enhance the
tourism experience by providing deeper engagement with Bali’s cultural and
spiritual elements. However, the underutilization of these technologies and the
environmental challenges highlighted by the study indicate the need for a more
strategic approach to ensure the sustainable development of quantum tourism
in Bali.
The study is primarily focused on the internal aspects of Bali’s tourism
framework, particularly the integration of cultural and spiritual elements with
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Quantum Tourism in Bali: Integrating Cultural Heritage with Advanced ...

emerging technologies. However, it does not extensively explore external factors
such as the impact of global tourism trends or the role of government policies in
promoting quantum tourism. The research is limited in its examination of the
practical challenges involved in implementing advanced quantum technologies,
which could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the barriers to
adoption. Future research should expand on the current study by exploring the
role of customer engagement in promoting quantum tourism.
Investigating how tourists can be more actively involved in the
sustainability efforts of Bali’s tourism industry could provide valuable insights.
Moreover, research should also examine the broader implications of quantum
tourism on Bali’s local economy, including the potential for job creation and
the economic benefits of attracting a new segment of spiritually-minded
tourists. Additionally, studies could focus on the development of policies and
frameworks that support the integration of advanced quantum technologies in
tourism, addressing the technical and infrastructural challenges identified.
Bali’s rich cultural heritage and spiritual energy position it as a leading
destination for quantum tourism. The study underscores the importance
of balancing the island’s traditional practices with the adoption of modern
technologies to create a more engaging and sustainable tourism model. While
the potential for quantum tourism in Bali is significant, it requires careful
management to avoid the pitfalls of over-tourism and cultural erosion. By
investing in advanced technologies and promoting sustainable practices, Bali
can differentiate itself in the global tourism market and ensure that its unique
cultural and spiritual identity is preserved for future generations.
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Authors’ Profiles
Ni Made Eka Mahadewi is an associate professor in tourism at Bali Tourism
Polytechnic, Ministry of Tourism of Republic Indonesia. She graduated with
a Diploma in Tourism Management, a Bachelor of Social Science in Tourism
Business Administration, a Master’s in Tourism Studies, and a PhD in Tourism
Planning and Development program, Udayana University. Research areas in
tourism planning and development, tourism destination management, MICE,
and event management. Email: eka.mahadewi@ppb.ac.id
Ida Bagus Putu Puja is an associate professor of tourism investment feasibility
study and the director of Bali Tourism Polytechnic, Ministry of Tourism of
Republic Indonesia. Under his leadership, the institution has focused on
developing a tourism program emphasizing cultural and green tourism. This
includes initiatives in traditional medicine and international collaboration
to enhance tourism education and practices. He graduated with PhD from
Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja Bali at Educational Study Program.
Email: ibpuja@ppb.ac.id
I Wayan Mertha is an assistant professor of ecotourism, environmental studies,
and tourism economics. He earned his PhD and Bachelor’s degree in Economics
from Udayana University, Bali, and his Master’s degree from the Bogor
Agricultural Institute (IPB), West Java. He was a member of the senate and
formerly served as the Head of the Tourism Department at the Bali Tourism
Polytechnic. Mertha is actively involved in developing the tourism destination
at Kedonganan Beach, Badung, Bali. Email: wayanmertha@ppb.ac.id
Vijay Singh Rathore is presently working as Professor-CSE & Director of
Research and International Relations at IES University, Bhopal and also running
his own establishment Shree KKarni Universe College, Jaipur (in partnership).
He is Membership Chair, ACM Jaipur Chapter, and Past Chairman, CSI Jaipur
Chapter. Having Teaching Experience of 22+ Years, Former Professor - CSE and
& Director – Out Reach, JECRC, Jaipur, 5 Patents published, 20 PhD Supervised,
Published 94 Research Papers and 10 Books, Edited 12+ Conference Proceedings
with Scopus/SCI indexing and associated as Editor & Reviewer in some reputed
Journals, Received 20+ National and International Awards of Repute. His core
research areas include Internet Security, Cloud Computing, Big Data, and IoT.
He has organized and participated 25+ National & International Conferences of
repute. Email: vijaydiamond@gmail.com
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Norol Hamiza Zamzuri is an Associate Professor from the faculty of Business
and Management, Universiti Teknologi (UiTM) MARA, Puncak Alam,
Malaysia. She hold PhD in management from Putra Malaysia, and is actively in
research related to event management, policy development, social innovation
and sustainability. She was a member of the UiTM academic committee for
establishment of Malaysia’s first bachelor’s degree in Event Management in
2006. Email: norol@uitm.edu.my

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