1st ICASGI 2022 A Brief on Potential of Ternate Coconut Shell Waste as Asphalt Aggregate Mix Filler Gajali S Iskandar # North Maluku River Basin Office AbstractAi North Maluku's status as one of the largest coconut producers in Indonesia shows that coconut deposits in the North Maluku region are relatively abundant.
This makes many people who work as coconut traders.
Most traders peddle coconut in urban areas.
Environmental problems arise from this condition, namely the accumulation of coconut waste in urban areas.
The Environment Agency has tried to control this condition with various methods, but it is still not effective.
This study was conducted as an effort to utilize coconut waste in Ternate City as a useful material for Ternate City.
The method used in this study is an experiment by comparing the characteristics of the asphalt aggregate mixture without filler and using filler.
The results obtained from the Marshall test indicate that the use of filler derived from coconut waste can increase the stability value of the asphalt aggregate mixture.
This indicates that there is potential behind the accumulation of waste that occurs in the urban area of Ternate.
Thus, coconut waste can be used to support development in Ternate City.
KeywordsAi Put your keywords here, keywords are separated by semi colon.
types of oleo chemical, various products from coir and coconut shells, have good market prospects .
INTRODUCTION
Coconut (Cocos nucifer.
is a social commodity whose development has traditionally been passed down from generation to generation in the archipelago, besides that it is an important commodity and has economic value because the leaves, fruit and stems can be utilized.
North Maluku has an area of 200,813 ha of coconut plantations, all of which are smallholder plantations with a total production of 208,518 From the several research, coconut oil, especially VCO, is also good for health.
In addition, coconut oil can be used for energy substitution, namely for biodiesel and fuel oil.
Thus, coconut development centers are very possible to develop coconut oil-based energy supply .
In North Maluku, coconut is only used as a primary product, either in the form of fresh coconut or copra and as raw material for cooking oil.
Product development efforts and utilization of by-products can increase the added value of coconut products which in turn will increase the income of coconut farmers .
The coconut industry can increase the added value of the economy of Ternate City.
North Maluku Province.
Nationally, coconut production in North Maluku from 2014 to 2016 still ranks fourth after Riau.
North Sulawesi and East Java.
Likewise, the land under coconut trees can still be utilized with diversification activities both with food crops and The efforts needed to develop coconut commodities include .
But unfortunately, coconut fruit traders are reluctant to dispose of the coconut shell waste in a garbage dump, because they do not want to pay the waste retribution.
In addition to spoiling the view and disturbing activities, coconut husk waste is a problem that is not easily solved by the Ternate City Government (Pemko.
This is due to the fact that the traders do not comply with established procedures such as paying a garbage retribution.
As a result, a lot of coconut waste is scattered and piled up in the urban area of Ternate.
II.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Coconut Production in Ternate Coconut plant products, in addition to meeting the needs of the community, are also a source of foreign exchange through In addition, this commodity can absorb a large number of workers, which is around 6.
9 million families .
Apart from being a source of vegetable oils and fats, coconut plant products as a source of raw materials for various other industries, such as coconut milk, fresh coconut, various Identification of land area status, coconut production and productivity, types/varieties, pests and diseases/damage of coconut, land potential for development.
Identification of the economic value of coconut and its derivative products.
Description of investment opportunities for coconut development from upstream to Formulation of strategies, policies, and programs for the development of coconut and its derivative products in North Maluku.
Asphalt Aggregate Mix 1st ICASGI 2022 Asphalt is an adhesive material .
, black or dark brown in color with bitumen as the main component.
Asphalt can be obtained in nature or is also a residue from petroleum refining .
Asphalt is a commonly used material for binding aggregates in road pavement structures .
coconut shell waste must be processed first into charcoal powder .
Coconut shell charcoal powder is charcoal made by combining coconut shell and then crushed into powder.
In the process of burning coconut shells which consist of very complex carbohydrates, it will cause a series of reactions, namely thermal decomposition .
and generate heat as a result of the decomposition of various molecular structures .
Although asphalt is a small volume component compared to the components that make up asphalt concrete mixes, it is a crucial part in providing a durable bond and keeping the mixture in an elastic condition .
There are several qualities that must be possessed by asphalt to ensure satisfactory mix performance, including the following .
At a temperature of 2750C, lingo cellulose begins to release H2O and CO2 .
, besides that, charcoal and methane are also formed .
The content of coconut shell charcoal powder in the form of nonpolar carbon compounds is the same as the carbon compounds in asphalt.
Coconut shell charcoal is a local material that is easy to find .
Rheology Rheology is the study of deformation, shape change and mass flow.
Asphalt has two important rheological properties, namely thermoplastic and visco-elastic.
Thermoplastic means that the asphalt viscosity decreases with increasing heat and vice versa increases with decreasing temperature .
Visco-elastic means that when the forces acting on the asphalt structure are distorted as to flow.
Distortion is a reversible movement and is described as elastic behavior.
METHODOLOGY
This study is an experimental study.
In this study, the following are the steps taken to obtain the results Cohesion Cohesion is the ability to maintain bonds between fellow forms/compounds .
The ability of the cohesive power of an asphalt with a certain level of penetration is measured by a ductility test instrument at low temperature .
oom temperatur.
IV.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The coarse aggregate used in this study was crushed stone with a size of 5 mm and 10 mm, while for the fine aggregate used was local sand.
To obtain good asphalt, the gradation of the aggregate must meet the specified specifications, it is necessary to examine the physical properties of the aggregate as shown in the following table:
Adhesion Adhesion is the ability to maintain bonds between the form of compounds with other compounds .
sphalt with aggregate.
The ability of asphalt adhesion is approximated by the Marshall Retained Strength Index .
Preparation of tools and materials Coarse aggregate and fine aggregate inspection Manufacture of Marshall test specimens with variations in asphalt content Making Marshall test specimens with additional TABLE I AGGREGATE TEST RESULTS Properties Methods Requirement Result Note Coarse Aggregate Durability Durability is the ability to maintain good rheological quality, cohesion and adhesion of The factors that affect the durability of asphalt are Oxidative hardening.
Evavorative hardening and Exudative hardening .
Absorption
SNI 031969-1990
Maximum 3% 2,86% Passed Specific Gravity SNI 031970-1990 Minimum 2,5 gr/cm3 2,74 gr/cm3 Passed Fine Aggregate Coconut Waste as Filler The importance of highway planning has been widely studied regarding the development and modification of asphalt by utilizing fillers from waste to make asphalt mixtures that are environmentally friendly .
In this study, the waste that was studied to be used as a filler is coconut shell
To be used as a filler in the pavement mixture, the Absorption
SNI 031969-1990
Maximum 3% 1,44% Passed Specific Gravity SNI 031970-1990 2,5 gr/cm3 2,60 gr/cm3 Passed Based on the overall aggregate test, it is known that coarse and fine aggregates can be used for asphalt mixtures because all tests have met the requirements.
Meanwhile, the examination of the physical properties of asphalt is shown in the following table:
1st ICASGI 2022
TABLE II
ASPHALT TEST RESULTS
Properties Method Penetration .
Requirement Min.
Soft Point
(AC)
Incinerate Point
(AC)
of 1%, 1.
5%, and 2% with the number of each content being 3 test objects.
Result
Filler Content (%) SNI 0624561991
SNI 0624341991
SNI 0624331991
Note Max Passed No.
Properties Requirement VMA (%) VFA (%) VIM (%) 3,5 5,5 Stabilitas (K.
Flow .
MQ (Kg/m.
Passed Ductility .
Passed 61,96 63,61 18,37 18,53 17,26 48,49 54,19 57,91 1444,74 1422,82 1364,95 5,57 5,60 4,97 259,60 254,08 254,70 SNI 0624321991
62,18
Passed Based on the results of the marshal test carried out on the marshal test object using variations in filler content, it can be seen that the property values obtained between samples without filler and using filler have different values.
With the presence of filler, the stability value of each mixture content increases with increasing filler content.
From the test results on the physical properties of asphalt, it is known that asphalt material can be used for asphalt mixtures because all tests have met the requirements.
Marshall testing of the optimum asphalt content was carried out to determine the stability and flow values, and was used to find the optimum asphalt content.
The asphalt content used is the result of determining the approximate asphalt content of 4.
5%, 5%, and 5.
The results of the Marshall Test on the optimum asphalt content are shown in the following table:
CONCLUSIONS
The use of filler material in the mixture of aggregate and asphalt can increase the stability value.
In this case, it is proven that the filler derived from coconut shell waste can be used as a filler material that can increase the stability of the asphalt aggregate mixture.
With these results, it can be concluded that the utilization of coconut waste in Ternate City can be done one of them by processing coconut waste into filler material to support local development using local waste.
TABLE i MARSHALL TEST RESULTS ON VARIED ASPHALT CONTENT Asphalt Content (%) No.
Properties Requirement VMA (%) VFA (%) VIM (%) 3,5 5,5 Stability (K.
61,34 58,19 61,04 15,32 18,97 18,18 51,94 47,19 49,94 1325,19
1413,47
1285,31
5,37
4,27
4,83
247,91
331,62
267,15
REFERENCES