Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
Morphological Study of Affixation in Sasak Selaparang Dialect Wahyu Kamil Syarifaturrahman.
Zainuddin Abdussamad.
Lela Rahmawati.
Universitas Bumigora kamil@universitasbumigora.
Universitas Bumigora Samadzain12@gmail.
Universitas Bumigora Lela_rahmawati@universitasbumigora.
Received: 16th June 2.
Revised: 22nd June 2.
Accepted: 22nd June 2022 Email Correspondence: wahyu.
kamil@universitasbumigora.
Abstract Language has many important roles in our life especially for communication.
We can imagine how our life will be without language.
Every nation has its own language such as Indonesia with its own language and spoken by their native speaker for example Japanese spoken by Japanese society.
Balinese by Balinese society and Sasak by Sasak society in Lombok West of Nusa Tenggara.
Although Indonesia consist of thousand tribes and many different local languages.
Indonesia has Indonesia language as its national language and spoken by all Indonesians.
Actually this study gives some descriptions about affixation in Sasak especially in selaparang dialect which has a specific purpose to find out the form of affixation in Sasak in selaparang dialect.
Furthermore, the method that is used in this study is descriptive qualitative method by giving arguments about the aspect of affixation in Sasak.
Finally, the result of this study is found 22 .
wenty tw.
affixes in Selaparang dialect which is divided into 4 .
kinds of affixation namely 8 .
prefixes (/be-/,/peN-/, /me-/, /nge-/,/n-/ /te-/, /ke-/, and /se-/).
m-, and Aeeg-).
suffixes (/-an/ or/-ang/ /-q/, and /in/).
simulfixes (/be- an/,/pe-an/,/peNan/,/per-an/,/ke-an/,/te-an/, /me-an/ or /me-ang/, /nge-an/ or /nge-ang/,/n-q/ , and /n-an/ or /n-ang/).
Keywords: Affixation.
Sasak.
Selaparang .
Dialect
INTRODUCTION
Language plays very significant role in human culture and history.
Beside used for communicating, language is also used to record the history and science discovery.
Language is reflection of societyAos custom and culture that use it (Kridalaksana, 2.
Therefore.
Sasak as the one of the local languages in Indonesian that reflects Lombok societyAos culture and custom.
One of Sasak role and function like other local languages.
Sasak is a symbol of social- cultural values that reflects and bounds at the culture in a group of societies who use it (Halim, 1.
Therefore, local language as an instrument to support the culture must be preserved and protected extinction.
In essence, all of the effort to preserve and Online at https://journal.
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30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
to protect our local language, it is true that we protect and preserve our Indonesian national culture generally because local language and local culture support national language and national cultural.
Furthermore.
I believe that we need to do any necessary efforts to preserve our linguistic diversity in order that we can pass it down to our next generation.
By doing so, we can also pass down the intellectualism heritage.
Hence.
I decided to study my own mother tongue.
Sasak for I do believe that any language can be endangered.
and Sasak is no exception.
Basically I interested to do such library research of Sasak based on the following strong reasons.
Sasak is spoken by 85% or so Sasak people, who never really gain strong economic or political power nationally or regionally, of total Lombok population of 2.
7 million.
Henceforth I think that Sasak might be declined someday because a languageAos fortunes are tired to its culture.
Just as one language nods away over other when its speakers gain power economically or politically.
But it diminishes when they lose that prominence.
Crystal further describes that Welsh, the direct descendant of the Celtic language that was spoken throughout most of Britain when the Anglo- Saxon invaded, has long been under the threat from English because EnglandAos economic and technological dominance has made English the language of choice (David, 2.
Therefore, the number of Welsh speakers had been secondly, many words in Sasak have never been used any longer by its speaker due to the preeminence of the imported .
Lelampak, for example, has never been used anymore to refer to sandals instead, sandal is more popular then lelampak nowadays or even many young people do not even know its existence.
By doing the scientific research on linguistics field of Sasak.
I hope that it will bring some benefits to myself, as one of Sasak speaker, and to the Sasak itself.
This study is expected to be able to prevent Sasak from vanishing because henceforth many younger Sasak speakers will be interested in learning more about Sasak and speak it in a more proper way.
Or at least, it can generate more old Sasak words, which is about to die out, to be used as diction again.
More specifically, this study discusses morphological process of Sasak especially the affixation.
This study tried to illustrate the significance of the role played by the affixation in Sasak carefully and draw in general, the form of affixation in Sasak.
The discussion in this study gives a clear notion to the readers in order that they can follow the readerAos conception.
Morpheme is constructed by two Latin words namely AumorheAy that means AuformAy and AuemaAy that means of containing meaning (Yohanes in (W.
Syarifaturrahman et al.
, 2.
So, from these two combination of Latin word we can state that morpheme is the form that containing the certain meaning.
Online at https://journal.
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php/humanitatis/ DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
Hocket, an American linguist, gives the definition and method of finding morpheme by simple According to him, morphemes are the smallest individual meaningful element in the utterances of language (Hocket in (Parera, 2.
While.
Ramlan, in his book AuPengajaran MorphologyAy said that morpheme is smallest grammatical unit that has no other unit as it element (Ramlan, 1.
From the concepts given above we may say that they are actually the same meaning even though they expressed rather differently from one linguist to others.
Morpheme, which is determined by its distribution, can be classified into two categories that are free morpheme and bound morpheme.
Free morpheme is that can be uttered alone or in isolation.
bound morpheme is morpheme that cannot be uttered alone or never occur in isolation.
Free morpheme consists of root.
While bound morpheme includes prefixes, suffixes, suprafixes, infixes, replacives, substractives and some root (Samsuri, 1.
Word is one of the fundamental units of linguistic structure.
Hocket, characterized word based on the pause and insolubility.
He said.
Auword is those any segments or a sentence bounded by successive point at which pausing is possibleAy (Hocket in (Parera, 2.
Leonard Bloomfield gave the definition of word as follow:
AuA free form, which consists of two or lesser free form as, for instance.
Poor John and John runs away or yes sir, is a phrase.
A free form, which is not phrase, is a word.
A word is than a free form, which does not consist in entirely of two or lesser free forms: in brief, a word is minimum free form (Bloomfield in (Parera, 2.
Ay Minimum free form, as it is stated in the definition, is stated in the definition, is clarified in his other book Au a set of postulateAy as one form that can be uttered alone and meaningful, but free form cannot be separated into its part or, in other word its part cannot be uttered alone (Parera, 2.
In his linguistics dictionary.
Kridakasana said about word as morpheme or combination of morpheme which linguist suppose it as a smallest unit that can be uttered as free form (Kridalaksana.
Meanwhile.
Ramlan in his morphology book claims that word is the smallest free form.
In other word, every free form is word (Ramlan, 1.
It has long been recognized that word must be classified into at list of two categories, simple word and complex word.
Simple word is a minimal unit and no way to analyze it or break it down further into meaningful part.
This is closely related to morpheme that cannot be broken down any further into recognizable or meaningful part.
Meanwhile, complex word is made up base morpheme .
imple wor.
and any other morpheme attached to the base morpheme.
In other word, complex word consists of two or more morpheme in combination (Akmajian et al.
, 2.
In discussing about word, we may also Online at https://journal.
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30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
distinguish between content word and function word.
Content word is a word that has meaning as independent word.
This category includes noun, verb, adjective, and adverb.
In contrast, function word is an isolated word, and it seems to have some functions either in phrase or in a sentence.
It includes conjunction, article, demonstrative, and preposition (Akmajian et al.
, 2.
In morphology, we discuss about the process of constructing a word from other word.
This process is called morphological process.
Every language has its own morphological process and so does However, it may or may not be the same from one language to another(Aridawati et al.
, 1.
According to Parera in his book AuMorphologyAy, morphological process is defined as the process of constructing a word having complex morpheme either derivational or inflectional (Parera, 2.
Ramlan, .
, further, states that morphological process of constructing a word from other unit of which they are the stems.
Those stems can be word, bound, base, or phrase, they can also be combination of two words, one word, and one bound base or bound bases.
Furthermore.
Ramlan stated that morphological process in categorized into four catagories that is affixation, reduplication, composition, and zero modification (Ramlan, 1.
Meanwhile, there are three kinds of morphological process in sasak.
They are: affixation, compounding, and reduplication (Aridawati et al.
, 1.
Talking about affixation, it is necessary to know what is affix.
Akmajian et al.
, .
stated that affixes are referred to prefixes when they are attached to the beginning of another morpheme .
ike the prefix re- in words such as redo, rewrite, rethin.
and as suffixes when they are attached to the end of another morpheme .
ike the suffix Aeize in words such as modernize, equalize, standardize, centralize.
The statement says that English has two models of affixes they are: prefixes and suffixes.
Ramlan .
says that affix is an unit of bound grammatical that is an element of a word, it is neither a word nor a base word, and it has an ability to attach at other units to form word or a new base word.
Hence, affix is an element of the word, which cannot stand alone and has no meaning.
Affix cannot stand alone but must be attached to another free morpheme, and the process to attach or to put affix to the base morpheme or free morpheme is called affixation.
According to Ramlan .
, affixation is the process of putting affix in the unity although unit of single form or complex form to create word.
Actually, this research use the Ramlan theory in term of affixation.
Further Ramlan divided affixation into 4 .
, there are prefix, suffix, infix, simulfix (Ramlan, 1.
It is called prefixes because the bound morpheme is put at the beginning of the free morpheme or base morpheme.
It is called infixes because the bound morpheme is attached within free morpheme or base morpheme.
It is Online at https://journal.
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30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
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ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
called suffixes because the bound morpheme is attached at the end of the free morpheme or base .
It is called simulfixes because the bound morpheme is attached at the beginning and at the end of the base morpheme or combination of both prefixes and suffixes.
Moreover, in English there are two kinds of affixes namely prefixes and suffixes (W.
Syarifaturrahman et al.
, 2.
Then.
How about in sasak especially on Selaparang Dialect? So that the writer interest in finding the kind of affixation in sasak especially on Selaparang Dialect .
RESEARCH METHOD
Methodology Method of this study is descriptive and explorative.
Descriptive method is used to give all of the aspects of affixation in Sasak Language, whereas explorative method is used for exploration by reading and studying the result of the earlier research.
Especially, in sasak language by looking at the elements relevant to this study.
Population and Sampling In this study, the population is all of sasak people who speak ngeno-ngene dialect or selaparang dialect.
The spreading of people who spoke selaparang dialect had been explained by Azhar as follows:
AuSelaparang dialect is used by most people in Lombok such as East Lombok (Selaparang village.
Pringga-Baya.
Wanasaba.
Apit Aiq.
Aiqmel.
Kembang Kerang.
Lenek.
Kali Jaga.
Suralaga.
Kutaraja.
Lendang Nangka.
Masbageq.
Pengadang.
Pringgasela.
Rempung.
Sukadana.
Tetebatu.
Ketangga.
Montong Betok.
Sikur.
Rarang.
Jenggiq.
Sisiq.
Labuan Lombok.
Labuan Haji, selong.
Gandor.
Peneda.
Rumbuq.
Pohgading,et.
and West Lombok (Ampenan, karang Pule.
Dasan Agung.
Pejeruk.
Rembiga.
Gunung sari, sesela.
Pagutan.
Cakra.
Kediri.
Bengkel.
Gerung.
Mataram.
Lingsar.
Narmada.
Sesaot, sedau, et.
Ay (Azhar, 1.
Because of the width of the population in habitat the area.
I decide to use random and quota sampling The using of the two methods is by interviewing 4 .
of Sasak people in Mataram who come from the villages where the dialect Ngeno- ngene is used.
By doing so.
I take a part among the respondents life for investigating purpose.
All of the respondents chosen have a specific qualification as needed and also took from both male and female, different occupation such as fisherman, farmer, state officer, trader, and so on.
Thus, it is truly expected that the data collected will be valid reliable, and representative.
Method of Collecting Data To collect the data.
I used the following steps:
Observation Online at https://journal.
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30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
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: 2477-2267
Observation is done toward feature and characteristic of the expression used, especially the expression that has relation with affixation in Sasak language.
Interview Interview is focused to look for additional information and to verify the data.
Library research It is done for two purposes.
the first is to understand about linguistics especially in Selaparang dialect or Ngeno-ngene dialect.
Data Analysis After collecting the data.
I analyzed the data by the following steps, they are:
Representing the data obtained from the data sources All of the data gathered represented on the chapter four.
The way to represent data divided into four columns of item, they are data column, bound morpheme column, free morpheme column, and the last is the meaning of free morpheme column.
Data column.
This column represented the data obtained from the data sources.
The data represented based on its affixes.
Bound morpheme or affixes column.
This column represented the bound morpheme or affixes of the data column .
o find out the bound morpheme of the data gathere.
Free morpheme column.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
In this part of writing, the writer would like to present the result of the data gathered in the previous process.
The data gathered discussed and analysed that is expected to lead the result of investigation which is intended to answer the problem stated.
Prefixes Table 1.
Samples of prefixes Data Begawe Bekedek Bepanas Bedue Peraiq Peranget Ngeraos Ngerim Bound Morpheme Freemorpheme BeBeBeBePeNPeNPeNNgeNge- Gawe Kedek Panas Due Aiq Raos Rim The meaning of free morpheme English Party Play Hot Two Water Speak Online at https://journal.
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Indonesia Pesta Air Berbicara Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
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ISSN (Onlin.
Kadu
Rase
Pasek
Teloq
Bale
Use Taste Pin
Egg
House : 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
Pakai Rasa Telur Jauh From the table above, the writer found 8 .
perfixes in sasak especially in selaparang dialect they are /be-/,/peN-/, /me-/, /nge-/,/n-/ /te-/, /ke-/, and /se-/ then all of prefixes is productive in create the new word.
Prefixes /be-/ and /peN-/ are more productive prefixes than the others because it can be attached to the part of speech namely noun, verb, and adjective as the root .
ree morphem.
see data .
in the table 1.
Furthermore, prefixes /nge-/,/me-/ and /n-/, can be attached to the part of speech namely noun, and verb, as the root .
ree morphem.
) see data .
,9,11,12,13,.
then prefix /se-/ can be attached to the part of speech namely noun, and adjective as the root .
ree morphem.
see data .
in the table 1.
The last, prefixes /ke-/ can be attached to the part of speech namely adjective, as the root .
ree morphem.
) see data .
and /te-/ can be attached to the part of speech namely verb, as the root .
ree morphem.
) see data .
in the table 1.
Infixes Table 2.
Samples of infixes Data Gegitaq Bound Morpheme Freemorpheme -eg-eg-em-em- Gitaq The meaning of free morpheme English See/ look Indonesia Lihat From the table above, the writer found 2 .
infixes in sasak especially in selaparang dialect they are /-eg-/,and /-em-/, then all of infixes is not productive in create the new word .
Moreover, both infixes found in Sasak especially slaparang dialect.
The infix /-eg-/ may attach to part of speech verb and noun as root .
ree morphem.
see data .
in the table 2.
Then, infix /-em-/ may attach to part of speech verb and adjective as root .
ree morphem.
see data .
in the table 2.
Suffixes Online at https://journal.
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Table 3.
Samples of suffixes Data Piaqan/ ang Ingesan/ ang Taunan Seribuan Tangkongan Taliq Bound Morpheme Freemorpheme -an/ -ang -an/ -ang -an/ -ang -an/ -ang -an/ -ang -in Piaq Inges Taun Tali Tai Tokol The meaning of free morpheme English Make Beautiful Year One thousand Rope Shit Sit Indonesia Buat Cantik Satu ribu From the table above, the writer found 3 .
sufixes in sasak especially in selaparang dialect they are /-an/,or /-ang/, /-q/ and /-an/.
then all of suffixes is productive in create the new word .
Sufix /-an/ or /-ang/ is the most productive infix because it can be attached to the part of speech namely noun, verb, adverb, and adjective as the root .
ree morphem.
see data .
in the table 3.
Furthermore, suffixes /-q/, and /-in/, can be attached to one category of part of speech.
suffix /-q/ may attach to the noun as the root .
ree morphem.
) in form the new word see data .
then suffix /-in/ can be attached to the part of speech namely verb as the root .
ree morphem.
see data .
in the table 3.
Simulfixes .
ombination of prefix and suffi.
Table 4.
Samples of simulfixes Data Bound Morpheme Freemorpheme Bejaguran Bekotaqan Betaunan Peteluan Kemanisan Tekodeqan/ tekodeqang Tejauqan Tesimbutan Tepelastikin Tepanasin Memaleqan/ memaleqang Ngelawanan/ ngelawanang Ngebeleqan/ ngebeleqang Be- an Be- an Be- an Be- an Be- an PeN- an PeN- an PeN- an Ke-an Ke-an Te- an Te- an Te- an Te-in Te-in Te-in Mem-an/ ang Nge-an/ ang Nge-an/ ang Jagur Taun Manis Kodeq Jauq Simbut Panas Paleq Lawan Online at https://journal.
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The meaning of free morpheme English Hit Box Big Year Sweet Little Bring Blanket Hot Sit Catch for Against/ opposite Indonesia Pukul Manis Kecil Kejar Lawan Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
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ISSN (Onlin.
Tali
Miliar
Rope
Put
Billion
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
Tali Taruh From the table above, the writer found 9 .
sufixes in sasak especially in selaparang dialect they are /be- an/,/ peN-an,/ke-an/,/te-an/,/te-in/ /me-an/ or /me-ang/, /nge-an/ or /nge-ang/,/n-q/, /n-an/ or /n-ang/, and /se-an/ then all of simulfixes is productive in create the new word .
Simulfix /be-an/ or /be-ang/ is the most productive simulfix because it can be attached to the part of speech namely noun, verb, adjective, numbering and adverb as the root .
ree morphem.
see data .
in the table 4.
Furthermore, simulfixes /peN-an/,/te-an/, and /te-in/ are also productive, they can be attached to the part of speech namely adjective, noun, and verb, as the root .
ree morphem.
) see data .
,7,8,11,12,13,14,&.
then simulfixes /ke-an/, /nge-an/ and /se-an/ can be attached to the part of speech namely 2 ( tw.
words category.
Simulfix /se-an/ can be attached to number and noun as in data .
/nge-an/ can be attached to verb and adjective as in data .
/ke-an/ can be attached to adjective and verb as the root .
ree morphem.
see data .
in the table 4.
The last, simulfixes /mean/ and /n-an/ are less productive because they just can be attached to the part of speech namely .
ne word categor.
verb as the root .
ree morphem.
) see data .
,20,&.
in the table 4.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the kind of affixation in Sasak especially Selaparang Dialect can be classified into four they are 8 prefixes (/be-/,/peN-/, /me-/, /nge-/,/n-/ /te-/, /ke-/, and /se-/), 2 infixes (/- em-/, and /Ae eg-/), 3 suffixes (/-an/ or/-ang/, /-q/, and/-in/), 9 simulfixes (/be- an/,/ peN-an,/ke-an/,/te-an/,/te-in/ /mean/ or /me-ang/, /nge-an/ or /nge-ang/,/n-q/, /n-an/ or /n-ang/, and /se-an/).
, so the total of affixes I have found in selaparang dialect is 22 affixes and each of them created a unit of meaning.
REFERENCES