THE ASSERTIVE ACTS IN SPIDER-MAN NO WAY HOME
MOVIE
Fatizatulo Zega Universitas Putera Batam (UPB).
Batam.
Indonesia pb191210060@upbatam.
Ambalegin Ambalegin Universitas Putera Batam (UPB).
Batam.
Indonesia ambalegin@puterabatam.
Tomi Arianto Universitas Negeri Medan.
Medan Indonesia ta@gmail.
ABSTRACT
This qualitative research aimed at finding out the assertive acts.
To fulfill the objective of this research, the researchers used Searle and VandervekenAos theory about assertive acts.
The theory was applied to the AuSpider-man No Way HomeAy movie as the data source.
The movie was chosen because the characters mostly uttered the truth about the heroAos struggles in the movie.
In collecting the data, the researchers applied the observational method.
This method was used to observe the use of language based on the context of an utterance and it was followed by a note-taking technique to get valid data.
In analyzing the data, the researchers used the pragmatic identity method followed by the pragmatic competence in equalizing technique.
This technique aimed to equalize the data with the theory pragmatically.
Finally, the result was displayed narratively and descriptively.
The researchers discovered twentythree out of thirty-two acts of assertiveness.
The acts were asserting, affirming, stating, denying, assuring, arguing, informing, reminding, objecting, predicting, reporting, suggesting, insisting, hypothesizing, guessing, swearing, admitting, confessing, accusing, blaming, praising, complaining, and boasting.
The researchers did not find any claiming, disclaiming, rebutting, notifying, retrodicting, conjecturing, testifying, criticizing, or lamenting.
The most frequently appeared was informing act.
Characters' utterances contained more social meaning in conveying information to the interlocutors.
The utterances were not only uttered by the speakers, who were the ones who got the effect, but also by the hearers.
The utterances occurred because it was based on a situation that caused the speaker to express the statements.
Keywords: assertive, pragmatics, utterance 33 | P a g e Introduction Language is an important aspect of Rogers and Kincaid .
declared that communication is the act of conveying a message from one person to another to inform and express opinions, either directly or indirectly through the With language, humans can also express a sentence and develop their knowledge by interacting with the environment so that the meaning of an utterance can be understood by a speech partner (Zega & Ambalegin, 2.
In language use, there are elements of language or speech acts that are related to the form and choice of language variety, including who is speaking, with whom, about what, what kind of situation there is, what the purpose is, and all that affects the process of communication.
This form of communication is pragmatically called a speech act that needs to be understood.
speech act arises because the speaker does not merely state speech.
it can contain the meaning behind the speech.
To understand speech acts, we not only treat language as a description of a situation or fact that is bound by truth conditions but also consider non-linguistic communication situations called context (Austin, 1.
The assertive acts, one of the speech acts branches, is the focus of this Assertive acts involve telling the truth of the expressed proposition.
When someone uses an assertive act, it means he or she expresses themselves honestly.
These assertive acts work to state, suggest, boast, complain, claim, and report several speeches belonging to several acts of assertiveness (Leech, 1.
Based on the explanation above, this research was triggered by issues that happened in society, such as social media.
Assertive acts can be found in daily life which is a conversation between two speakers or more.
An example was found in the talk show.
The Kelly Clarkson Show aired on March 22nd, 2022, on NBC.
Daniel Radcliffe was invited to the talk show.
They were Daniel as the speaker and Kelly as the Daniel :
Kelly AuIf you want to like, just, if you come to earth tomorrow and had quickly educate somebody about the last 30 years about of American culture, you could do worse than doing Simpsons.
Ay IAom just saying, itAos a great Ay : Au.
Kelly asked him if it was true that The Simpsons was how he learned about America.
Daniel answered and described it clearly with a small joke.
Then.
Kelly responded by stating the sentence AuIAom just saying, itAos a great show.
Ay This indicates an assertive act and it is called a stating act.
She stated the truth or the correctness of what she said, and everyone agreed with the statement.
The issue was reflected in the A movie is a media that shows or visualizes the communication of speakers.
Flick .
stated that movie is important media to be analyzed in society.
In the movie, society interacts and communicates with each other.
He also added that movie is a discursive part and practice of society, reflecting the condition and structures of society or individuals.
A movie must be analyzed systematically based on the structures, scripts, texts, terms of production and perception, and social context (Flick, 2.
Therefore, the researchers chose Spider-man: No Way Home movie to analyze the utterances of the characters.
This movie was released in 2021 and directed by Jon Watts.
The movie was chosen because the characters mostly uttered the truth about the heroAos struggles in the movie.
Many utterances were spoken by the characters in this 34 | P a g e movie.
One of the utterances is below.
The situation showed Peter was coming to StephenAos house to ask for help.
Stephen Wong AuBecause someone forgot to cast a monthly maintenance spell to keep the seals tight.
Ay AuThatAos right, he did, because he forgot I, now, have higher Ay Stephen as a speaker and Wong as a hearer.
Stephen came from nowhere and offended Wong.
Wong responded with a boasting act that Stephen forgot that he has a higher duty than him.
Wong used boasting words to respond to it and showed his pride to the interlocutor.
means that this issue is an act of Some research has been studied by previous researchers related to this study.
First.
Ramadhan and Ambalegin .
analyzed the types of assertive acts uttered by the main character in Hacksaw Ridge They used SearleAos theory to analyze the data.
They investigated the main characterAos utterances and obtained 28 utterances of assertive acts which contained asserting with 1 data, reporting with 11 data, complaining with 4 data, suggesting with 1 data, boasting with 2 data, explaining with 2 data, and denying with 7 data.
Second.
Indrawati et al.
analyzed assertive illocutionary in different data sources.
Researchers used local tour guidesAo speeches in one of the tourism objects in Bali as the data source.
By using SearleAos theory, researchers analyzed four They found 31 utterances including informing with 15 data, stating with 2 data, expressing an opinion with 9 data, and reminding with 5 data.
Previous and present research analyzed assertive acts by using SearleAos After finding the issues, the researchers were interested in analyzing and examining more assertive acts.
Uniquely, what distinguishes it from previous research, the researchers used different data sources.
Moreover, the researchers used Spider-man No Way Home movie as the data source.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the assertive acts by using Searle and Vanderveken .
Aos theory uttered in the Speech Acts According to Searle .
, the speech act is the smallest part of linguistic He added, communication is not just a symbol, word, or sentence, but an utterance or result of a word or sentence symbol in the form of the implementation of speech acts.
The speaker also has a purpose in mind when they talk that they want the listener to This theory tends to examine the structure of the sentence.
If someone wants to say something to someone else, then what he puts forward is the purpose of the sentence or the meaning itself.
However, to deliver the meaning or intent, the person must put it in the form of a speech act.
Furthermore.
Austin as cited in Birner .
stated that there are several types of speech acts, namely: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary.
locutionary speech act is an act to express The meaning of the speech is usually a fact or a real-life situation.
In the locutionary speech act, the information conveyed is the truth.
This speech act does not imply any hidden meaning behind the speech and does not require any specific responses or consequences from the interlocutor (Leech, 1.
According to Cutting .
, an illocutionary speech act occurs when someone says something and performs an action that contains intent or meaning and embodies an expression.
The illocutionary speech act is an act of doing something with a specific function and 35 | P a g e purpose.
This is usually related to saying permission, and so on.
It contains meaning and the function or power of speech.
illocutionary speech act is not easy to identify, it has to do with who speaks to whom, when, the situation, and where the speech is made.
A perlocutionary speech act is an act of growing influence or effect on the speech partner.
This act contains the power to do something by saying A perlocutionary speech act is more concerned with the result because this act is said to be successful if the speech partner does something related to the speaker's utterance.
1 Illocutionary Speech Acts Leech .
said that there are five types of illocutionary speech acts based on Searle .
Aos categories:
Assertive acts are speech acts that describe circumstances or events, such as stating, boasting, suggesting, reporting, claiming, and complaining.
Declarative acts are speech acts that can change the situation.
These words change a personAos status from ungraduated to graduate.
This act christening, naming, etc.
Expressive acts are speech acts used by speakers to express feelings and attitudes toward something.
This includes thanking, congratulating, blaming, condoling, etc.
Example: AuCongratulation.
Dicky! You are a dad now.
Ay Directive acts are language expressions used to direct the behavior of the listener, such as commands, requests, or invitations.
They aim to influence the listener to do something or refrain from doing something.
Commissives are speech forms that function to state something in the future, such as promises or threats.
includes offering, promising, and 2 The Assertive Acts According to Alston .
, an assertive act is a type of speech act that requires the speaker to assert the truth of what they are saying.
This means that the speaker is making a statement that they believe to be either true or false.
Assertive is an act that states what the speaker believes to be the case or not.
There are many different types of assertive acts, each Some examples of assertive acts include stating, affirming, denying, and In order to understand the intent behind a speaker's assertive act, it is important to consider not just the words that they are using, but also the context in which they are speaking and how they are delivering their message.
To further classify assertive acts.
Searle and Vanderveken .
introduced a list of thirty-two acts that fall under this Below are the explanations of each act of assertiveness identified by Searle and Vanderveken .
Asserting: involves making a statement about a certain fact or state of affairs.
Claiming:
something is true or valid.
Affirming: similar to asserting but used in more formal contexts and may carry additional connotations or implications.
Stating: similar to asserting but used in more formal contexts and may carry additional connotations or implications.
Denying:
disavowing a certain fact or claim.
Disclaiming: involves rejecting or disavowing a certain fact or claim.
Assuring: involves making a promise or giving a guarantee.
Arguing: involves presenting evidence or reasons to support a particular claim or position.
36 | P a g e i.
Rebutting: involves presenting evidence or reasons to refute a particular claim or Informing:
information about a particular topic or Notifying: involves informing someone about something that has happened or will happen.
Reminding: involves bringing to someone's attention something that they may have forgotten or overlooked.
Objecting:
disagreement or opposition to a particular claim or position.
Predicting: involves making a prediction about something that will happen in the Reporting:
information about something that has Retrodicting: involves making a prediction about something that has already happened.
Suggesting: involves proposing a particular course of action or solution to a problem.
Insisting: involves strongly asserting a particular claim or position.
Conjecturing: involves speculating about something that may or may not be true.
Hypothesizing: involves proposing a possible explanation or solution to a problem based on limited evidence.
Guessing: involves making a guess or estimation about something.
Swearing: involves making a solemn declaration or oath.
Testifying: involves giving evidence or testimony about something, typically in a legal or formal context.
Admitting: involves acknowledging that something is true or valid.
Confessing: involves admitting to something that one has done wrong or that is embarrassing.
Accusing: involves making a claim that someone has done something wrong or Blaming:
responsibility for a particular outcome or situation.
Criticizing: involves expressing disapproval or negative feedback about something or someone.
Praising: involves expressing admiration or approval for someone or something.
Complaining: involves expressing dissatisfaction or annoyance about a particular situation.
Boasting: involves bragging or boasting about one's accomplishments or abilities.
Lamenting: involves expressing sadness or regret about a particular situation or Research Method The researchers applied the descriptive qualitative method to conduct this research.
Taylor et al.
stated that qualitative research is in the form of research procedures or steps that aim to produce descriptive data either in written or oral form from the behavior of people who can be observed.
Therefore, the utterances taken from the data source help the researchers to analyze the data in the form of written words based on the context of the utterance.
For the result, this research showed the acts of The observational method was used in collecting the data by using Marshall and Rossman .
Aos theory.
They said that the observational method is done to observe the use of language.
To get valid data, the researchers needed a technique to collect the data.
The technique was the note-taking technique purposed by Sudaryanto .
He said that the note-taking technique is done by 37 | P a g e noting the utterances on the data card which is immediately followed by classification and using certain writing The observation was begun by watching the movie from the beginning to the end.
After watching the movie, the researcher transcribed conversations or utterances from the beginning of the movie to the end using the note-taking Lastly, the researchers presented the data in the form of conversational text.
This text simplifies the researcher in highlighting and analyzing the raw data.
Afterward, this research conducted a pragmatic identity method to analyze the data theorized by Sudaryanto .
The competence in equalizing.
This technique aims to equalize the data with the theory.
The process began by highlighting the data.
Before analyzing, the researchers wrote thirty-two acts by numbering the acts in Next, the researchers selected the utterances that contained the assertive acts and numbered the expressions at the beginning of the sentences.
Lastly, the researchers analyzed the identified data and revealed the assertive acts in the form of narrative text.
Result and Discussion 1 Result This research found 92 data of utterances in Spider-man No Way Home movie that contained assertive acts.
The researchers discovered twenty-three out of thirty-two acts of assertiveness.
There were asserting, affirming, stating, denying, assuring, arguing, informing, reminding, guessing, swearing, admitting, confessing, accusing, blaming, praising, complaining, and boasting.
There were no claiming, retrodicting, conjecturing, testifying, criticizing, or lamenting.
More detail, the results are shown in the table below.
Table 1.
The Assertive Acts in Spider-Man No Way Home movie The Assertive Acts Informing Suggesting Complaining Stating Guessing Asserting Denying Assuring Reminding Insisting Swearing Arguing Objecting Accusing Predicting Reporting Admitting Praising Boasting Affirming Hypothesizing Confessing Blaming Total Freque Percentage 2 Discussion Asserting The expression occurred in the .
:12:.
- .
:12:.
The situation showed the crowd was growing closer and closer to Peter Parker and MJ after the bad news was informed.
They kept their heads down as security guided them through.
Ned followed along trying to protect Peter and MJ from the Below.
Ned as the speaker started the dialogue toward the crowd, 38 | P a g e and a random woman from the crowd as the hearer responded to it.
Ned Random Woman Ned AuBack off!Ay AuWho are you?Ay AuIAom Ned Leeds.
IAom Spider-ManAos best friend.
:12:.
The speaker made a statement toward the crowd to back off so that his friends were able to come through.
The hearer responded to the statement with the question.
AuWho are you?Ay Then, the speaker answered the question.
AuIAom Ned Leeds.
IAom Spider-ManAos best Ay This utterance shows the asserting act because the speaker believed it to be true and in accordance with reality (Searle & Vanderveken.
The speaker asserted the true statement in accordance with the facts that occur throughout the movie.
The expression was found after the hearer addressed a question to the speaker and the answer from the speaker was the data found.
Affirming The conversation began with the last moments of Quentin BeckAos broadcast, from the end of the previous movie, on the big screen of the building, so that the crowd paid attention to it.
Jameson, who was a broadcaster, made a statement related to an edited video and believed it was true.
The expression was uttered by Jameson as the speaker and the viewers .
ncluding the crowd and Peter Parke.
as the hearers.
Jameson : AuThere you have it, folks: conclusive proof that Spider-Man was responsible for the Mysterio! warrior who gave his life to protect our planet, and who will no Quentin Beck Peter Parker Jameson doubt go down in history as the greatest superhero of all time.
But that's not all, folks.
Here's Brace yourselves, you might wanna sit down.
Ay : AuSpider-Man's real.
Spider-Man's name is.
Spider-Man's name is Peter Parker!Ay : AuWhat the f!Ay : AuThatAos right, folks.
Peter Parker.
A 17year-old high school delinquent harbouring a homicidal hunger is in fact the vile vigilante villain SpiderMan.
Ay .
:01:.
The speaker uttered the expression between .
:00:.
- .
:01:.
The way he showed people the edited video confirmed that the information cannot be avoided.
The utterance occurred after showing the short video of Quentin Back and the speaker concluded the statement.
AuThatAos right.
Peter Parker.
A 17-year-old high school delinquent harboring a homicidal hunger is in fact the vile vigilante villain Spider-Man.
Ay This utterance is an affirming act.
The speaker affirmed a confirmation to the hearer about information that the speaker uttered, and the hearer cannot avoid the information.
Stating The conversation happened between AVC as the speaker and Peter as the Doc Oct thought Peter Parker was his Peter Parker from another universe (Peter Tw.
Doc Oct caused chaos and attacked Peter Parker.
Peter Parker saved the people around the bridge, including AVC (Assistant Vice 39 | P a g e Chancello.
from MIT which he and his friends were about to join.
AVC
Peter Parker : AuPeter.
youAore Ay .
:33:.
: AuNo, well.
IAom.
No.
Ay Peter Parker rescued AVC from the car that was about to fall into the river.
Then.
AVC uttered a statement.
This statement is stating act.
AVC said.
AuPeter.
youAore a hero.
Ay This utterance conveys the information based on the understanding and experience of the speaker and can be proven true.
The utterance occurred because Peter Parker helped AVC out from the car.
Denying The conversation took place under Sanctum Sanctorum.
StrangeAos building.
Peter Parker succeeded in arresting the bad guys in the cell.
Peter Parker as the speaker assured to fix them, but Doc Oct as the hearer denied the statement.
the short dialogue below, there were Peter Parker as the speaker, and Max Dillon.
Norman, and Doc Oct as the Peter Parker Max Dillon Peter Parker Norman Doc Oct : AuI think I can help you If I can fix what happened to you, then when you go back, things will be different, and you might not die fighting Spider-Man.
Ay : AuWhat do you mean fix us?Ay : AuLook, our technology is advanced, and IAom,Ay : AuI can help you.
You know.
I'm something of a scientist myself.
Octavius knows what I can do.
: AuFix? You mean like a Ay :00:.
The speaker tried to explain how to fix the hearers from their bad futures, so they can go back to their families in another universe.
Instead, the hearer refused the statement.
Focused on Doc Oct as the hearer, he refused the explanation of the speaker.
The hearer said.
AuFix?Ay You mean like a dog? I Ay This means that the hearer asserted denying act.
The utterance occurred when the speaker addressed an explanation and the hearer responded to it.
The hearer refused the existence of the kindness of the Assuring The conversation happened in the Peter tried to catch Max Dillon and put him in the teleportation cell.
Somehow.
Flint Marko reacted to the He thought that Peter killed Max Dillon because Max Dillon suddenly disappeared with the magic-webbing of Peter.
The conversation happened between Peter Parker as the speaker and Flint Marko as the hearer.
Peter Parker : AuI You just have to trust me.
Ay.
:46:.
Flint Marko : AuI donAot trust you! I donAot know you!Ay Flint Marko thought that Peter Parker killed Max Dillon.
It was just a Then.
Peter Parker tried to convince Max Dillon.
Peter parker as the speaker assured the hearer, by asserting an utterance.
AuYou just have to trust me, please just trust Ay The utterance is assuring act.
The expression occurred when Flint Marko asked Peter Parker something out of Then, the hearer had to feel sure what the speaker uttered was a Searle Vanderveken .
added the perlocutionary intention of this act is to strengthen the illocutionary utterance 40 | P a g e and convince the hearer about the doubt of the truth of the utterance.
Arguing The conversation showed the situation of the characters in the middle of a They tried to cure the bad guys, but the bad guys did not want to be cured and they tried to defend In the middle of the action.
Peter Three as the speaker and Peter Two as the hearer in the conversation Peter Three Peter Two Peter Three Peter Parker : AuWhat the hell is going on out there? I keep yelling at you.
PeterTwo.
Peter-Two.
PeterTwo.
Ay : AuI know, but I thought you were Peter-Two.
Ay : AuWhat?! IAom not PeterTwo!Ay .
:45:.
: AuStop arguing! Both of you! Listen to Peter One.
Look, weAore clearly not very good at this!Ay The conversation happened between .
:45:.
- .
:45:.
The speaker asked the hearer, why the hearer did not answer the speakerAos yell.
However, the hearer did not recognize who Peter Two was.
The hearer thought that the speaker was Peter Two.
Then, the speaker argued that statement by saying.
AuWhat?! IAom not Peter-Two.
Ay Here indicates an arguing act.
It can be assumed, the arguing act occurred when the speaker responded to the hearerAos answer.
The speaker tried to against the statement from the hearer.
This arguing act is strengthened by the next hearer.
Peter Parker.
The hearer said.
AuStop arguing!Ay Informing The conversation happened in Sanctum Sanctorum.
When Peter Parker asked Strange to solve his problem.
In this case.
Peter wanted to go back in time to when his problem started.
Then.
Strange cast one spell to make people forget something, not a spell to return to the past.
The quoted conversation below consists of Strange as the speaker and Peter Parker as the hearer.
Strange Peter Parker Strange Peter Parker : AuThe Runes of Kof-Kol.
Ay : AuThe Runes of KofKol?Ay : AuOh, itAos just a standard spell of It wonAot turn back time, but at least people will forget that you were ever Spider-Man.
:21:.
: AuSeriously? That would beAAy The conversation started with the speakerAos assertion.
He said AuThe Runes of Kof-Kol.
Ay Peter parker was strange with these words.
So, he asked for more information about it.
Then, the speaker continued with complete information that the hearer did not know before.
The speaker answered.
AuOh, itAos just a standard spell of forgetting.
It wonAot turn back time, but at least people will forget that you were ever Spider-Man.
Ay It can be said that the utterance occurred when the hearer asked.
The answer of the speaker showed informing act.
The speaker informed the information that the hearer did not know what was being informed.
Reminding The conversation happened in the forest, at night.
The night was Max DillonAos arrest.
In the middle of the mission.
Flint Marko, the guy from the other universe (Sandma.
, appeared and helped Peter Parker by making the 41 | P a g e sand wall whirl up.
Then the face suddenly appeared toward Peter Parker.
Below, the conversation started with Flint Marko as the speaker and Peter Parker as the hearer.
Flint Marko Peter Parker Flint Marko Peter Parker Flint Marko AuPeter, itAos me! Flint Marko! You remember?Ay .
:44:.
AuIAom Peter, but IAom not your Peter.
Ay AuWhat do you mean youAore not my Peter? What the hell is going on?Ay AuIAoll But first, can you help me stop this guy?Ay AuOkay.
Ay In the conversation above.
Peter Parker was shocked by the appearance of Flint Marco's face.
Then, the speaker expressed an utterance to remind the The speaker said.
AuPeter, itAos me! Flint Marko! You remember?Ay This utterance is a reminding act.
This reminding utterance aimed to assert something with condition that the speaker might be forgotten things.
Therefore, the speaker intended to remind the hearer.
It can be assumed that the identified utterance occurred when the speaker expressed something.
Objecting The conversation happened in the donuts shop.
Peter entered the shop with an envelope in his hand.
They gathered and were ready to open their MIT envelopes together at the same Peter Parker : AuThis is so not fair.
mean, this is so not fair! I didnAot do anything wrong.
definitely didnAot do .
:17:.
Ay MJ.
Peter Parker, and Ned read MITAos The statement showed the rejection of the MIT application on their Then.
Peter Parker objected to it.
He said.
AuThis is so not fair.
I mean, this is so not fair! I didnAot do anything I mean, you guys definitely didnAot do anything wrong.
Ay They should have been accepted to MIT.
Therefore, the speaker stated the objecting act.
This objecting act occurred after the issue of MITAos rejection letters Searle and Vanderveken .
said that objecting is an act to assert with additional preparatory conditions that some proposition which is incompatible with the propositional content that has been previously asserted.
Predicting The conversation below happened in the ancient chamber.
Sanctum Sanctorum.
There were some guys from other universes arrested in the In the conversation, there were Peter Parker as the speaker, and Max Dillon as the hearer below.
Peter Parker :
Max Dillon Peter Parker :
AuI think I can help you guys.
If I can fix what happened to you, then when you go back, things will be different, and you might not die SpiderMan.
Ay .
:00:.
What do you mean AofixAo us?Ay AuLook.
Ay According to Peter Parker, if he sent the guys back to their universes, they would be dead.
Hence.
Peter Parker as the speaker stated the utterance.
can be assumed that the utterance 42 | P a g e occurred because the speaker responded to the current situation.
This response is predicting act.
The speaker responded.
AuIf I can fix what happened to you, then when you go back, things will be different, and you might not die fighting Spider-Man.
Ay However, the hearer still doubted it.
Next, the speaker responded with evidence that they had advanced technology to help them.
Searle and Vanderveken .
stated that predicting is an act to assert something that the condition is future concerning the time of the utterance and with an addition that the speaker has evidence in support of the utterance.
Reporting The conversation happened at Midtown High, the school where Peter Parker and his friends went to.
There was chaos outside the front doors.
There were reporters, fans, and This situation happened after the shocking news that Peter Parker killed Mysterio .
he enemy from the previous seque.
The reporters reported the information regarding the situation outside the They reported the information through television.
The scene started with reporter 1 as the speaker and the hearer as the viewer, because it was live on television.
Reporter 1 AuThe crowd has continued to grow here all morning Midtown School of Science Technology.
:12:.
The speaker asserted the utterance about the chaos outside the school.
This bold utterance is reporting act.
This act is an expression to report something to the viewer in the past.
can be said, the utterance occurred because of the current situation.
AuThe crowd has continued to grow here all morning long at the Midtown School of Science and Technology.
Ay The speaker reported about the crowd at the front doors had continued to grow.
Searle and Vanderveken .
strengthened that reporting act is an utterance to report something or it can be about the past or present, but it cannot in general be about the future.
Suggesting The conversation happened on top of the bridge.
There were MJ as the speaker and Peter Parker as the The people of the whole city were on them.
It happened after the shocking news revealed Peter ParkerAos Peter Parker :
AuWe should go.
should go, come on!Ay .
:02:.
AuBut you said you donAot Ay MJ as the speaker started the The crowds looked at MJ was not comfortable.
So, he asked Peter Parker to swing her and It can be said that the utterance occurred because of the situation that happened and made the speaker utter She said.
AuWe should go.
We should go, come on!Ay This utterance is a suggesting act.
contains something that suggests the hearer should do and can be Insisting The situation showed that Peter Parker was having a phone call with Flash.
As he knew that Flash got into MIT, he asked Flash where was the MIT Thus, he could meet the MIT lady and talk about consideration of his friendsAo acceptance.
However, in this 43 | P a g e situation.
Flash was hard to work with.
In the conversation, there were Flash as the speaker and Peter Parker as the Flash Peter Parker :
Flash Peter Parker Flash Peter Parker Flash Peter Parker :
Flash AuWhatAos in it for me? IAom risking a lot just talking to you.
Ay AuOkay.
I will, um.
pick you up and swing you to school for one week?Ay AuFor a month.
Ay AuFor a week.
Ay AuTwo weeks.
Ay AuFlash, please come on, help me!Ay AuYou know what I Ay .
:26:.
AuOkay.
IAoll youAore my best Flash, please help me!Ay AuCool, cool, cool.
Ay The conversation started with the speaker refusing the request from the The hearer understood that the speaker needed something.
Thus, the hearer offered several things, so that the speaker was willing to Instead, the speaker insisted on the hearer by demanding the hearer more.
The speaker said.
AuYou know what I want.
Ay This response contains insisting act.
It can be said that this utterance occurred when the speaker responded to the hearerAos The speaker tried to insist on the hearer more than the speaker Finally, the hearer agreed to tell everyone that Peter Parker was FlashAos best friend.
Hypothesizing The conversation took place at the upper scaffolding of the Statue of Liberty.
Doc Oct dropped Max Dillon onto the scaffolding gently after Max Dillon was tapped out.
It meant that Max Dillon became an ordinary person and was cured.
Peter Three was dropped down beside him.
Max Dillon as the speaker started the conversation and Peter Three as the Max Dillon Peter Three Max Dillon Peter Three AuYou gotta nice face.
You just a kid.
Ay AuUmAy AuYou from Queens.
You got that suit.
You help a lot of poor people.
I just thought you was gonna be Black.
:52:.
AuOh man.
IAom sorry.
Ay The speaker started the conversation with some reasons or evidence.
These reasons lead to the hypothesizing Which was uttered.
AuI just thought you was gonna be Black.
Ay The speaker hypothesized to think that Peter Three was Black.
Hypothesizing act requires at least some evidence or other sort of reason, therefore this utterance is hypothesizing act.
Guessing The conversation took place in the ancient chamber.
Sanctum Sanctorum.
There were some guys from other universes arrested in their cells.
In the conversation, there were Curt Connors as the speaker, and Max Dillon as the hearer below.
Curt Connors Max Dillon Curt Connors AuSpeaking of which, what happened to you? Last I recall, you had bad teeth, glasses, and a combover.
Did you get a You know I can give you a real makeover.
Ay AuLet me guess, into a lizard?Ay .
:47:.
AuExactly!Ay 44 | P a g e The speaker asked multiple questions to the hearer.
The speaker said that he could give the hearer a real makeover.
Then, the hearer responded.
AuLet me guess, into a lizard?Ay This utterance occurred because of the questions, and someone needs to respond with the answer.
This kind of response is a guessing act.
The speaker responded with the expression that it was true.
strengthened with the English assertive, guess.
Guessing act aims to estimate or suppose without sufficient information to be sure of being Swearing The conversation happened in the ancient chamber.
Sanctum Sanctorum.
There were Peter Parker as the speaker, and Strange as the hearer.
Strange began to cast the spell that made everyone forget who Peter Parker was.
The conversation started at 00:24:08 below.
Peter Parker :
Strange AuOkay.
IAom done.
IAom I swear IAom IAom done.
Ah! But my Aunt May should really know!Ay .
:24:.
AuPeter, tampering with the Ay Strange stated that everyone would forget that Peter Parker was SpiderMan.
Peter Parker requested his girlfriend and Ned still remembered He forgot to include his aunt May.
Strange readjusted the spell many He told Peter Parker to not change the spell anymore.
Then.
Peter Parker responded.
AuOkay.
IAom done.
IAom done.
I swear IAom done.
IAom done.
Ay This utterance is a swearing act.
The speaker committed something to the hearer that he swore that he was This act refers to the ways of confirming that the speaker is telling the truth.
The utterance has an English assertive AoswearAo in it.
It is Admitting The conversation happened in New York City.
Jameson did live on The Daily Bugle program and face timing with a Peter Parker appearance.
The broadcast was played on a TV in a restaurant and on giant video billboards in Time Square.
They discussed the mess Peter Parker made.
Below, there are Jameson as the speaker and Peter Parker as the Jameson Peter Parker Jameson Peter Parker Jameson Peter Parker Jameson : AuLadies gentlemen, the Bugle tip line has just received a call from none other than the fugitive known as Spider-Man! Fresh from his rampage in Queens.
So.
Peter Parker.
What propaganda are you peddling?Ay : AuJust the truth.
Ay : AuOh sure.
Ay : AuThe truth is, that this is all my fault.
Ay : AuHmm.
Ay : AuI Ay .
:39:.
: AuWell, he admits it!Ay Jameson as the speaker, asked the hearer.
AuWhat pernicious propaganda are you peddling?Ay Then, the hearer answered the truth that it was his However, the speaker seemed to disbelieve it.
Then, the speaker continued.
AuI accidentally brought 45 | P a g e those dangerous people here.
Ay The speaker confessed the expression to be true or to be the case.
In some way, it was connected to the speaker.
Therefore, this utterance is admitting Admitting is an act to assert with the additional preparatory conditions that the state of affairs represented by the propositional content is bad (Searle & Vanderveken, 1.
Confessing The setting took place on a midtown Peter Parker accompanied by Ned.
MJ.
Peter Two, and Peter Three.
Below consists of Peter Parker as the speaker.
Peter Parker :
AuSheAos gone.
And itAos all my fault.
She died for nothing.
IAom gonna do what I should have done in the first place.
Ay This happened after MayAos death.
and his friends felt sorry about his loss.
Then.
Peter Parker uttered something.
AuSheAos gone.
And itAos all my fault.
She died for nothing.
So IAom gonna do what I should have done in the first Ay This utterance showed a confessing act.
He confessed that it was his fault.
He would make up for the mistake he had made.
Confessing is to admit something, and the speaker is responsible for his certain affair (Searle & Vanderveken, 1.
Accusing The conversation happened in the hall of Sanctum Sanctorum.
Peter Parker invited MJ and Ned to help him arrest the bad guys.
In the conversation, there were Ned as the speaker, and Strange as the hearer below.
Ned Strange AuSo, how did the bad guys get here?Ay AuHe screwed up a spell trying to get you into Ay .
:37:.
Ned as the speaker started the He asked Peter Parker how the bad guys were arrested.
Instead of the answer from Peter Parker.
Strange as the hearer answered the question.
AuHe screwed up a spell trying to get you into Ay Strange accused Peter Parker that this all happened because of Peter Parker.
Peter Parker must be responsible for his chaos.
Searle and Vanderveken .
said that an accusing act is to assert something to someone that the content predicates responsibility for the existence of the state of affairs.
Therefore, the bold utterance above is an accusing act.
Blaming The conversation took place at the Statue of Liberty, upper scaffolding.
Doc Oct dropped Max Dillon onto the scaffolding gently after Max Dillon was tapped out.
It meant that Max Dillon became an ordinary person and was Peter Three was dropped down beside him.
Max Dillon as the speaker started the conversation and Peter Three as the hearer.
Max Dillon Peter three Max Dillon : AuYou from Queens.
You got that suit.
You help a lot of poor I just thought you was gonna be Black.
Ay AuOh man.
IAom sorry.
Ay AuNo, donAot ThereAos gotta be a Black Spider-Man Goddamn Ay .
:52:.
The speaker hypothesized that he thought the hearer was Black.
Then, the hearer apologized to the speaker.
However, the speaker refused it.
This 46 | P a g e was not Peter Three fault.
AuGoddamn eels.
Ay The speaker uttered blaming act because the speaker assigns responsibility for a fault or wrong.
This expression is done by the speakerAos thought, not toward the hearer.
Praising The conversation below happened before the battle.
The scene took place around the scaffolding of the Statue of Liberty.
The dialogue involved Peter Three as the speaker and Peter Two as the hearer.
Peter Three Peter Two Peter Three Peter Two Peter Three Peter Two Peter Three : AuIAom lame.
Compared, like.
I fought a Russian guy in, like, a rhinoceros machine.
Ay : AuCan we wind it back to the AuIAom lameAy part? Cause you are Ay : AuAw, thanks.
No, yeah.
I appreciate it.
IAom not saying.
AuIAom lame.
Ay IAom just saying, like,Ay : AuBut itAos just the selftalk maybe we should, you know,Ay : AuYeah, listen, uh.
Ay : AuCause youAore.
youAore amazing.
Just to take it in for a Ay .
:42:.
: AuYeah, yeah, yeah.
I can take it in.
I can take it in.
Ay Peter Three as the speaker started the conversation by stating that he was However.
Peter Two as the hearer convinced him that Peter Three was not lame.
Instead.
Peter Two said.
AuCause youAore.
youAore amazing.
Ay This utterance is called a praising act because the hearer expressed the warm approval and admiration of the It can be assumed that the speaker must utter this expression because of the hearerAos statement.
The hearer praised the speaker and said that the speaker was amazing.
Complaining The conversation below happened on New York streets.
The conversation involved MJ as the speaker and Peter Parker as the hearer.
After the big news about Peter Parker.
MJ and Peter Parker felt unsafe in society.
Then.
Peter parker swung MJ repeatedly.
Peter Parker :
AuI told you I never wanted to do this again!Ay .
:01:.
AuMJ.
IAom so sorry, but I canAot see anything with your hand in my,Ay MJ tired of Peter Parker swung her MJ felt it was dangerous.
Then.
MJ uttered a sentence.
AuI told you I never wanted to do this ever again!Ay This utterance is a complaining act.
complained about Peter Parker swinging her again.
Searle and Vanderveken complaining speech is speech that expresses or reflects the suffering and hurt of a situation.
Boasting The conversation happened in StarkAos Lab.
Peter Two spit out the web from his own hands.
There were Ned was the speaker and Peter Two was the hearer involved in the conversation Ned Peter Two AuThat came out of you!Ay AuYeah.
You canAot do that, huh?Ay .
:37:.
Ned as the speaker uttered the statement.
AuThat came out of you!Ay He was amazed by what Peter Two did.
Then.
Peter Two responded to the He said.
AuYeah.
You canAot do that, huh?Ay This expression is a 47 | P a g e boasting act.
The utterance contains an expression that shows pride.
Conclusion This research analyzed assertive acts as the aim of this research.
Spider-man No Way Home movie was the data source used in this research.
The utterances were spoken by characters in the movie as the data analysis.
This research found 92 data of utterances in Spider-man No Way Home movie that contained assertive acts.
The researchers discovered twenty-three out of thirty-two acts of assertiveness.
There were asserting, affirming, stating, denying, assuring, arguing, informing, reminding, guessing, swearing, admitting, confessing, accusing, blaming, praising, complaining, and boasting.
There were no claiming, retrodicting, conjecturing, testifying, criticizing, or lamenting.
Informing act was the most frequently uttered by the characters in AuSpider-Man No Way HomeAy Characters' utterances contained more social meaning in conveying information to the interlocutors.
The utterances were not only uttered by the speakers, who were the ones who got the effect, but also by the The utterances occurred because it was based on a situation that caused the speaker to express the statements.
The speakers showed confidence in presenting their views or factual information, using assertive behavior to communicate in an honest and direct manner.
They were not hesitant or passive in expressing themselves, but rather displayed a strong and confident approach.
References