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Abstract Ikhwan as-Safa, a group of phylosopherwhich rised in 4th century of Higra or l0th century AD, in Basra,Irak, has attracted many scholars to study their thought, especially their scientific ideas which were compiled on their master pieceRasa'il lldwan as-Safawa Khuln al-wafa.
This paper tries to raise their notion on political phylosophyin regard to the assumpsionthat Ikhwan as-Safawas not merely a group of phylosophers whose concerns were purely scientific matters, but also a group of phylosopherswith political concerns.
They dremt of an idealistic country which they callbd al-Madina al-Fadilahas a substitute of an evil country, a country filled with evils, cormptionsan deviationswhich they called al-Madina al-fa'ira.
In order to know further their idealistic country, one should understandtheir conceptsof humanbeing,country,leadershipand how to choosethe leader.
Thesepoints arediscussedhere.
According to Ikhwan, humanbeing are a socialcreature.
They can not live alone and autonomousin doing suchaspectsas trade,industry, scienceand so forth.
For them sociallife For them is a kind of obligatory, for two reasons.
The first is becausehuman being can not autonomously discovertheir potentials,wether in scientific aspectsor in other aspectsof The second is the defferent ability of every single person as well as their natural potentials.
This condition leadsthem to a position in which they can not masterall sciencesand skills.
Umma or society, according to Ikftwan, is a nation with similarities in language,characteristics,traditions, culture, geography,as well as colour of skin andphysicalposture.
The idealisticcountry for them is a country whose society consist of good people Qaumunakhyarun',phylosophersor wise people,and it hasrulesof socialrelation amongthemselves or betweenthem andpeopleof evil country.
Thesecriteria must be based on obedience to Allah.
Dealing with imamaor leadership,Ikhwan AI-lami'ah.
No.
60/1997
PoliticalPhilosophyof IHnnAnAs-Shafi $ccsit as an obligatory.
Imamashouldexist, not only for mundaneaspects rcsolving conflicts, but also for religious goals.
For them a leader.
must havetharecriteria mentionedearlier.
Abstrak Ikhwan As-Shaf4 sebuah perkumpulanpara filusuf yang muncul pada abadke-4 Hijriatr/ke-I0 Masehi di Basrah,Iralg telah menarik minat para ilmuan untuk mengkaji pemikiran-pemikiranmereka,terutama gagnsan-gagasanberbagai cabang keilmuan merekayang terhimpun dalam knrya monumentalnya yang terkenal dengan "Rasaillkhwan al-Shafa Wa Khulan al-Wafa'.
Tulisan ini mencobamengungkapgagasanfilsafat politik kelomprk Ikhwan denganasumsibahwakekrmpoktersebutbukan semata-mata pcrkumpulanpara filusuf yang konsernterhadapkajian-kajiankeilmuan ansih, tetapi juga memiliki tujuan politis, mencit-citakanadanyasebuah ncgara ideal yang merekasebut dengan"AlMadinah al-Fadilah" sebagai pcngganti negara yang penuh kejahatan,penyelewengandan penyim.
nnganyang merekasebutdengan"Al-Madinah al-Jairah".
Untuk memperolehkejelasantentang negara ideal ikhwan ini, pcrlu diketahui konsep-konsepmerekamengenaimanusi4 negarq kepentimpinan .
dan pengangkatan Point'point inilalt yang dicobapaparkandalamtulisan ini.
Menurut Ikhwan, manusiamerupakanmakhluk sosial,merekatidak dapathidup sendiridan mandiri dalammenyelesaikan banyakhal, sepcrti dalam urusan perdagangan,industri, pembangunannegara, merumuskan ilmu pengetahuandan lain sebagainya.
Hidup bersosialbagi Ikhwan adalahsuatukeniscayaan.
Hal ini menurutmerekakarenadua sebnb: Pertama.
ketidak mandirian manusiauntuk dapatmenggalipotensi dlrinya, baik dalam bidang pengetahuanmaupun hal-hal lain.
Kedua.
adanyaperbedaantingkat kemampuanakal seseorangserta potensi-potensi alami yang merekamiliki, menyebabkan merekatidak dapat menguasai scmua pengetahuan dan kecakapanyang merekakehendaki,tetapi mereka hnrusmemintabantuanoranglain yang memilikinya.
IJmat, menurutkonsepsiIkhwan ialah sebuahbangsayang memiliki ciri-ciri kesamaandalam kesatuanbahasa,karakfer,adatistiadat,tradisi dan geografi,juga memiliki kesamaanwarna .
dan postur tubuh.
Al -l ami'ah,No.
60/1997
ZnmzamAfandi Adapun negara .
bagi Ihvan ialah sebuah negara yang masyarakatnya terdiri dari orang-orang baik .
aumun akhyar.
, para filusuf (Hukama\, memiliki tata pergaulan kfiususbaik dengansesamamasyarakat mereka sendiri maupun dengan anggota masyarakatnegarayang jahat .
hl al-Madinah al-Jairal.
, serta berasaskan takwa kepadaAllah.
Sementara itu, mengenai imamah .
, bagi Ikhwan adalah suatu hal yang niscaya adanya, disamping demi kepentingan duniawi .
enyelesaikan konfli.
, juga demi kepentinganagama.
Sedangkanorang yang dapat menjadi seorangimam .
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