Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.
) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield Tyas Soemarah KD 1 .
Agus Budiyono1 .
Teguh Supriyadi1.
Endang Suprapti1.
Siti Mardhika Sari1*.
Herdyanto Putro1 Agribusiness study program.
Universitas Tunas Pembangunan Surakarta Corresponding Email: mardhikasari.
siti@gmail.
Article Information Abstract Shallots represent a crucial agricultural commodity within Indonesia, necessitating attention for optimal cultivation practices.
Utilizing bacterial Received: 10 January 2024 consortia in shallot farming holds promise in enhancing soil fertility through intricate biochemical mechanisms.
This study endeavors to assess Revised: 18 January 2024 the impact of various microbial consortia on the growth and yield of Accepted: 16 February 2024 distinct shallot varieties.
Employing a Split Plot Design methodology, the experiment incorporates two primary factors: the shallot variety (V1:
indigenous rubber variety.
V2: local white variety.
V3: Javanese indigenous variet.
and the decomposing plant types representing microbial consortia (P0: Control.
P1: M21.
P2: EM4.
P3: Beka Decompose.
Findings reveal significant disparities across multiple parameters including plant height, leaf count, stover weight, tuber diameter, and tuber yield per plot among different varieties.
However, no substantial differences were observed in the number of bulbs per plant or per plot.
Furthermore, the interaction between microbial consortia and shallot varieties exhibited varying outcomes, notably influencing leaf count and bulb diameter.
Nonetheless, factors such as plant height, stover weight, tuber yield, and others remained unaffected.
Notably, the most favorable yield was recorded with the V2P1 combination, featuring the local white shallot variety paired with the M21 microbial consortium, yielding an average of 150.
27 g/plot .
quivalent to 16,905 kg/ha or 16.
tons/h.
Keywords: Shallots, microbial consortium Introduction Shallots represent a pivotal horticultural commodity essential to the populace of Indonesia.
Presently, the demand for shallots persists in an upward trajectory, evidenced by substantial imports and volatile pricing dynamics within the market.
Statistical evidence from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) indicates that shallots are poised to dominate vegetable production in the year 2022, with aggregate production nearing 2 million tons across all Indonesian provinces.
Nonetheless, this output marks a decline compared to the 2021 yield, which stood at 2,004,590 tons.
This reduction aligns with a corresponding shrinkage in shallot cultivation area, diminishing by 10,189 hectares to 184,386 hectares in 2022.
The heightened production levels have yet to satisfy public demand, prompting consideration of intensification and extensification strategies as viable avenues to bolster both the quantity and caliber of shallot output.
(Kurniasih and Huda Ramdan, 2.
How to cite
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Published by Tyas Soemarah KD.
Agus Budiyono.
Teguh Supriyadi.
Endang Suprapti.
Siti Mardhika Sari.
Herdyanto Putro.
Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.
Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield.
JURCS : Journal of Rural and Urban Community Studies.
https://doi.
org/10.
36728/jrucs.
Universitas Tunas Pembangunan Surakarta Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.
) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield In Indonesia, the cultivation of shallot plants has long been established as a lucrative agricultural endeavor among farmers.
However, the escalating demand for shallots, which consistently rises annually, has not been met with a corresponding increase in production.
This discrepancy can be attributed to various constraints in plant cultivation, encompassing soil diversity, pest, disease, and weed management, fertilization practices, and post-harvest protocols.
Fluctuations in yield, stemming from environmental instabilities, underscore the intricate dynamics governing plant resilience.
Efforts in shallot plant development are oriented towards optimizing the harmonization of environmental variables.
In this context, the availability of cultivars well-suited to local conditions, exhibiting high-yield potential, emerges as a pivotal determinant influencing both yield outcomes and varietal adaptability.
Cow manure stands out as a prominent organic input extensively employed in shallot cultivation.
Its application confers several benefits to agricultural plots, including soil structure enhancement, provision of plant nutrients, augmentation of soil microbial activity, and fortification against erosion.
Notably, the utilization of organic fertilizers, such as cow manure, necessitates a protracted decomposition period compared to synthetic counterparts, leading to a gradual release and uptake of nutrients by plants.
Mitigation strategies to address this temporal lag involve the inoculation of decomposer microbes, such as Trichoderma, into organic substrates utilized in plant cultivation (Khatoon et al.
Efforts that can be taken to increase shallot production are to intensify cultivation, especially in areas suitable for shallot development.
The obstacle that is often faced in cultivating shallots is low production due to the carrying capacity of the land, especially low soil fertility.
Various strategies and approaches are taken to maintain or increase soil fertility on shallot cultivation land, including by rotating cultivated plants or by supplying inorganic fertilizer.
Apart from that, this is also done by applying organic materials and enriching decomposer microorganisms in shallot cultivation media (Mahfud et al.
, 2.
Enhancing shallot production can be achieved through refining cultivation methodologies and employing organic fertilization practices.
The utilization of organic fertilizers offers several benefits, encompassing enhancements in soil's physical, chemical, and biological attributes, along with mitigating residual effects to prevent adverse environmental repercussions (Laude & Hadid, 2.
A bacterial consortium is a combination of two or more bacterial isolates grown in the same medium (Triyanto, 2.
The microbial consortium can increase the growth rate which triggers increased enzyme production from each isolate to synthesize the IAA Bacterial consortia can provide more optimum results because of the mutually supporting metabolic activities of each bacterial isolate.
(Jadhav et al.
, 2008 in Anggraeni.
The employment of a bacterial consortium .
eferred to as bioboost herei.
within rice cultivation holds promise for enhancing soil fertility through the facilitation of soil biochemical processes.
The supplementation of microorganisms alongside chemical fertilizers, organic manure, or compost stands poised to significantly augment land productivity, thereby fostering an enhancement in agricultural yield encompassing both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of crop production.
Notably, the bacterial consortium's constitution encompasses a diverse array of bacteria that play instrumental roles in the facilitation of plant growth processes .
Wuriesyliane et al.
, 2.
JRUCS : Journal of Rural and Urban Community Studies Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.
) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield Method The investigation took place between December 2022 and March 2023 in Samiran village.
Selo.
Boyolali Regency.
Central Java, focusing on brown lithosol soil.
A Split Plot Design incorporating two treatment factors, namely variety and decomposer .
icrobial consortiu.
, was employed.
The variety treatment, serving as the main plot, included three variations: .
V1: Local Karet variety of shallots.
V2: Local White variety of shallots.
V3: Local Javanese variety of shallots.
The second factor, concerning the application of the microbial consortium, constituted the sub plot and encompassed four variants: .
P0 = Control.
P1 = M21.
P2 = EM4.
P3 = Beka Decomposer.
This arrangement resulted in 12 treatment combinations, each replicated three times for robust analysis.
Observation parameters include growth and yield The parameters under investigation encompass the vertical stature of vegetation .
easured in centimeter.
, leaf count .
uantified in leave.
, mass of freshly harvested plant residue .
xpressed in gram.
, mass of desiccated plant residue .
lso in gram.
, quantity of subterranean storage structures per individual plant .
ounted in unit.
, aggregate quantity of subterranean storage structures per experimental unit .
lso counted in unit.
, dimensions of subterranean storage structures .
easured in millimeter.
, fresh mass of subterranean storage structures .
ecorded in gram.
, fresh mass of subterranean storage structures within a specific cluster .
ssessed in gram.
, desiccated mass of subterranean storage structures within a specific cluster .
easured in gram.
, and desiccated mass of subterranean storage structures per experimental unit .
uantified in Result And Discussion Effect of Microbial Consortium Application on the Growth of Several Shallot Varieties In elucidating the outcomes derived from the examination of growth metrics pertaining to shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.
), encompassing parameters such as plant stature .
easured in centimeter.
, leaf count, fresh biomass .
easured in gram.
, and desiccated biomass .
easured in gram.
, an analysis of variance at the 5% significance level was conducted, as delineated in Table 1.
Table 1.
5% t test (LSD) on growth parameters of shallot plants (Allium ascalonicum L.
Treatment Plant height .
Growth parameters Number of Weight of Dry Stove Weight .
Leaves fresh stover .
JRUCS : Journal of Rural and Urban Community Studies Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.
) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia
Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield
V1P0
V1P1
V1P2
V1P3
V2P0
V2P1
V2P2
V2P3
V3P0
V3P1
V3P2
V3P3
Explanation: In instances where treatments sharing identical alphabetical designations within a given column are subjected to scrutiny via the 5% t-test (LSD).
Utilizing the t-test (LSD) at a 5% significance level to analyze all growth parameters of shallot plants revealed no statistically significant differences across plant height, leaf count, fresh stover weight, and dry stover weight.
This trend persisted for both the local rubber variety (V.
and the white local variety (V.
, while the local Javanese variety (V.
exhibited significant deviations.
Notably, the local rubber variety (V.
demonstrated the highest yield, contrasting with the lowest yield observed in the local Javanese variety (V.
across all growth parameters.
This disparity arises from the comparatively shorter stature, reduced foliage, and smaller size of the local Javanese variety (V.
in comparison to the local rubber variety (V.
and the white local variety (V.
In the context of various microbial consortia applications, discernible differences emerged in plant height and leaf count parameters, whereas no significant distinctions were noted in fresh and dry stover weight parameters.
Specifically, the EM4 microbial consortium (P.
and decomposer beka (P.
yielded significantly different outcomes compared to the M21 microbial consortium (P.
and the control treatment (P.
concerning plant height parameters.
Meanwhile, significant differences were observed between the microbial consortium M21 (P.
and the control (P.
This discrepancy stems from the presence of specific bacteria, namely Pseudomonas and Acetobacter, exclusively found in M21 (P.
but absent in EM4 (P.
and Beka Decomposer (P.
These bacteria play pivotal roles in stimulating growth and enhancing nutrient absorption within the soil.
Analysis of the t-test (LSD) data at a 5% significance level on shallot plant growth parameters, as presented in Table 1, indicates nonsignificant differences in the application JRUCS : Journal of Rural and Urban Community Studies Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.
) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield of various microbial consortia to local rubber variety shallot plants (V.
Notably, no significant differences were observed in plant height, fresh stover weight, and dry stover Conversely, a significant disparity was noted in leaf count parameters, with the highest value recorded at 22.
58 for the V1P2 combination .
ocal rubber onion variety and EM4 applicatio.
This discrepancy is attributable to the presence of Rhodopseudomonas Sp.
hotocytic bacteri.
and yeast within EM4 (P.
, facilitating nutrient absorption optimization in local rubber variety shallots.
Application of diverse microbial consortia to local rubber variety (V.
yielded significant differences in plant height and leaf count parameters but no notable distinctions in fresh and dry stover weight parameters.
Notably, significant variations were observed in comparison to the control treatment (P.
, underscoring the influence of microbial consortia on shallot plant height.
Table 1 further illustrates average plant height discrepancies ranging from 30.
cm to 34.
08 cm, with the highest value recorded for the V2P1 combination .
hite variety shallots with M21 decompose.
and the lowest for the V2P0 combination .
hite variety shallots with contro.
Likewise, significant differences were observed in leaf count parameters, with the highest value of 21.
83 in the V2P1 treatment and the lowest of 17.
in the V2P0 treatment.
This underscores the substantial impact of microbial consortium application on plant height and leaf count while leaving fresh and dry stover weight Conversely, the application of various microbial consortia to local Javanese variety shallot plants (V.
yielded no significant differences in any growth parameters, including plant height, leaf count, fresh stover weight, and dry stover weight.
This suggests that the utilization of microbial consortia on local Javanese variety (V.
shallot plants does not substantially impact plant growth.
Effect of Microbial Consortium Application on the Yield of Shallot Varieties The investigation into the yield parameters of shallot plants (Allium ascalonicum L.
encompassing metrics such as the quantity of bulbs per cluster, bulbs per plot, bulb diameter .
easured in centimeter.
, fresh bulb weight per cluster .
xpressed in gram.
, dry bulb weight per cluster .
lso in gram.
, and the dry tuber weight per plot .
easured in gram.
, underwent rigorous analysis of variance at a significance level of 5%, as delineated in Table 2.
JRUCS : Journal of Rural and Urban Community Studies Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.
) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield Table 2.
5% t test (LSD) on the yield parameters of shallot plants (Allium ascalonicum Result parameters Treatment Number of Number of Tuber Fresh Dry weight Dry Weight Tubers per Tubers per Diameter weight of of tubers of Tubers Plant tubers per per hill .
per Plot .
V1P0
V1P1
V1P2
V1P3
V2P0
V2P1
V2P2
V2P3
V3P0
V3P1
V3P2
V3P3
Explanation : Treatments followed by the same letter in the same column show no significant difference in the 5% t test (LSD).
Utilizing the findings derived from the t-test (LSD) conducted at a significance level of 5% on the yield parameters of shallot varieties, discernible distinctions emerged particularly in the metrics of tuber diameter, fresh weight of tubers per cluster, dry weight of tubers per cluster, and dry weight of tubers per plot.
Conversely, parameters such as the number of tubers per plant and per plot exhibited no statistically significant deviations.
Examination of Table 2 revealed that the local rubber variety of red onion displayed the highest recorded tuber diameter value at 20.
62 mm, while the local Javanese variety indicated the lowest value at 16.
62 mm.
In terms of fresh weight of tubers per cluster, dry tuber weight per cluster, and tuber weight per plot, the local white variety of shallots demonstrated the highest values, juxtaposed with the local Javanese variety reflecting the lowest values.
Furthermore, results stemming from the analysis of variance underscored the consequential impact of applying a microbial consortium on the number of tubers per plant, while its influence on other parameters such as tuber diameter, fresh weight of tubers per cluster, dry weight of tubers per cluster, and dry weight of tubers per plot was deemed statistically insignificant.
This phenomenon can be attributed to the facilitative role of specific bacteria strains, including Rhodopseudomonas Sp.
Bacillus Sp.
, and Pseudomonas Sp.
, in enhancing nutrient absorption within the soil, thereby influencing tuber production.
Notably, the number of tubers per plant exhibited a range between 5.
JRUCS : Journal of Rural and Urban Community Studies Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.
) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield 11, with the highest value observed in the M21 treatment (P.
and the lowest in the control treatment (P.
Upon closer examination, it was observed that the local rubber variety of shallot (V.
manifested statistically significant disparities in parameters such as the number of bulbs per plant, number of bulbs per plot, and bulb diameter.
Contrastingly, the application of various microbial consortia, namely M21 (P.
EM4 (P.
, and Beka decomposer (P.
, yielded non-significant differences in the number of tubers per plant and per plot when compared to each other, albeit significantly differing from the control treatment (P.
Additionally, concerning tuber diameter parameters, while the M21 treatment (P.
did not exhibit any discernible effect, both EM4 (P.
and Beka decomposer (P.
treatments yielded noteworthy impacts.
This discrepancy is hypothesized to stem from the genetic predisposition inherent in the local rubber variety of shallots, thereby impeding the optimal functionality of the bacteria present in the M21 treatment (P.
Furthermore, variations in bacterial composition between M21 (P.
and EM4 (P.
elucidate the observed discrepancies, which significantly deviate from the control behavior (P.
Conversely, the Beka decomposer treatment (P.
yielded results comparable to M21 (P.
and EM4 (P.
, attributed to the shared bacterial strains such as Bacillus Sp.
Trichoderma Sp.
, and Streptomyces Sp.
The most favorable outcomes were discerned in the V1P3 treatment, featuring a blend of local rubber onion varieties (V.
coupled with the utilization of Beka decomposer (P.
, boasting the highest recorded values of 8.
25 for the number of bulbs per plant and 99.
for the number of bulbs per plot.
Conversely, parameters including fresh weight of tubers per hill, dry weight of tubers per hill, and dry weight of tubers per plot failed to exhibit significant deviations.
These results imply that the application of microbial consortia solely impacts the number and diameter of bulbs within the local rubber variety of shallot (V.
Similarly, the local white variety of shallots (V.
mirrored analogous outcomes, signifying substantial disparities in parameters such as the number of bulbs per plant, number of bulbs per plot, and bulb diameter, while other metrics remained statistically This underscores the singular influence of bacteria contained within all microbial consortia (M21 (P.
EM4 (P.
, and Beka decomposer (P.
) on the aforementioned parameters.
Conversely, the local Javanese variety of red onion (V.
exhibited divergent outcomes compared to both the local rubber (V.
and white (V.
Noteworthy differences were solely evident in the parameters of the number of bulbs per plant and per plot, while other metrics exhibited no significant deviations from the control treatment (P.
Additionally, all microbial consortia yielded non-significantly different results, indicative of a consistent influence exerted by the bacteria strains on shallot plants.
Ultimately, the V3P1 treatment, incorporating the local Javanese variety of shallots (V.
alongside the utilization of M21 (P.
as a microbial consortium, showcased the most favorable results, attaining a peak value of 8.
41 for the number of bulbs per plant and 101 for the number of tubers per plot.
Conversely, the V3P0 treatment, combining local Javanese varieties of shallots with the control treatment (P.
, yielded the lowest yield.
Conclusion Based on the findings elucidated above, it is evident that significant disparities were observed among varieties in various parameters including plant height, leaf count, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, tuber diameter, fresh tuber weight per cluster, tuber JRUCS : Journal of Rural and Urban Community Studies Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.
) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield dry weight per cluster, and tuber dry weight per plot.
Conversely, no statistically significant variance was detected in the number of tubers per plant and per plot.
Furthermore, the integration of a microbial consortium with diverse shallot varieties demonstrated a notable impact on leaf count and tuber diameter, while exhibiting no statistically significant influence on plant height, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, tuber count per plant, tuber count per plot, fresh tuber weight per cluster, dry tuber weight per cluster, and dry tuber weight per plot.
Notably, the most substantial yield was achieved through the utilization of a local white variety onion treatment combined with the application of the M21 (V2P.
microbial consortium, yielding an average of 150.
grams per plot or 16,905 kilograms per hectare .
quivalent to 16.
9 metric tonnes per References