PENA
JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN TEKNOLOGI
p-ISSN : 0854-7521 e-ISSN : 2301-6450 Vol.
39 No.
1 Maret 2025 Hal.
41- 50
https://jurnal.
id/index.
php/pena Spiritual Therapy On Anxiety Levels In Preoperative Patients: A Literature Review La Ode Idris Kaimudin.
Kristina Lisum.
Graduate Program.
STIK Sint Carolus Jakarta.
Jl.
Salemba Raya No.
Central Jakarta 10440.
Indonesia.
Korespondensi penulis: Laodeidris21@gmail.
Submitted : 13/06/25 Accepted : 28/05/25 Published: 24/06/25 ABSTRACT Background: Surgery is part of invasive medical procedures that involve opening or injuring a part of the body, which is then concluded with closing or suturing the wound.
This procedure often causes anxiety for patients who are about to undergo surgery.
The reactions that arise in patients include psychological and physiological stress, but the most commonly experienced reaction is psychological, such as anxiety (Fitria & Litasari, 2.
Objective: .
This aims to determine whether an intervention in the form of spiritual therapy can reduce anxiety levels in patients who will undergo surgery.
To provide an alternative nonpharmacological intervention in nursing.
To assess the effectiveness of integrating a spiritual approach in the implementation of nursing.
Research Method: Writing a literature review by analyzing and interpreting research results.
The secondary data used was collected from Google Scholar and PubMed.
The search for journals in this research was conducted from December 7, 2024, to February 2025.
Research Results: From the six journals that have been reviewed, the researcher concludes that there is a significant difference between spirituality and anxiety in patients who are about to undergo surgery (Pre-O.
Conclusion: Patients undergoing surgery mostly experience excessive anxiety, which can increase the body's response in the form of tachycardia, hypertension, and others.
In this case, the importance of applying spiritual therapy in reducing the patient's anxiety level.
Keywords: Spiritual.
Anxiety.
Preoperative Patients ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Operasi merupakan bagian dari tindakan medis invasif yang melibatkan pembukaan atau cedera pada bagian tubuh, yang kemudian diakhiri dengan proses penutupan atau penjahitan luka.
Prosedur ini sering kali menimbulkan kecemasan bagi pasien yang akan menjalani operasi (Defia et al.
Reaksi yang timbul pada pasien berupa stress secara psikologis maupun fisiologis, namun yang paling sering dialami yaitu reaksi secara psikologis seperti kecemasan (Fitria & Litasari, 2.
Tujuan:
ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah intervensi berupa terapi spiritual dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada pasien yang akan menjalani Operasi .
Memberikan alternatif intervensi nonfarmakologis dalam keperawatan.
Menilai efektivitas integrasi pendekatan spiritual dalam mplementasi Metode Penelitian: Penulisan literature review dengan menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan hasil penelitian.
Data sekunder yang digunakan dikumpulkan dari Google Scholar dan PubMed.
Pencarian jurnal dalam Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 7 Desember tahun 2024 Ae 2025 bulan februari.
Hasil Penelitian: Dari enam jurnal yang sudah review, peneliti dapat menyimpulkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara Auspiritual dan kecemasan pada pasien yang akan menjalani operasi (Pre-O.
Kesimpulan: Pasien yang akan menjani operasi sebagian besar mengalami kecemasan yang berlebihan yang dapat meningkatkan respon pada tubuh berupa takikardi.
Pena Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.
Pena Vol.
39 No.
1 Maret 2025 Page.
hipertensi, dan lain lain.
Dalam hal ini pentinya penerapan terapi spiritual dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pasien.
Kata Kunci: Spiritual.
Kecemasan.
Pasien Pre Operasi
BACKGROUND
Surgery is a form of invasive medical procedure that involves opening or causing injury to a part of the body, which is then concluded with a process of wound closure or suturing (Defia et al.
, 2.
This procedure often causes signs and symptoms of anxiety, which can be both emotional and physical and may appear at varying levels.
Common fatigue, insomnia, sweating, tremors, gastrointestinal problems, headaches, and difficulty concentrating (Fitria & Litasari, 2.
(Anzalone et al.
, 2.
Preoperative experienced by patients because they feel Some of this anxiety is related to the fear of postoperative pain, fear of physical changes, fear of facing surgical instruments and medical staff, and fear of the severity of the condition.
Symptoms may include difficulty sleeping, palpitations, and increased blood pressure (Sanjaya et al.
(Septiyanti.
Mardani.
Ria Kartini Panjaitan.
Husni, 2.
Anxiety may arise specifically in certain situations, such as when someone is about to undergo surgery.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2.
As many as 534 million people, or 60Ae90%, experience anxiety before surgery.
The prevalence of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients ranges from 27% to 80%, with the highest prevalence observed in Spain and the lowest in the Netherlands (Abate et al.
, 2.
The prevalence of preoperative anxiety varies according to the type of surgery, gender, and surgical motivation, reaching as high as 97% in the European region .
, 23Ae.
In India, the prevalence of preoperative anxiety ranges from 47% to 70.
3% .
Ae.
, in Pakistan it ranges from 62% to 97% .
, 22, .
, while in the United States it can be as low as 20.
Meanwhile, 24% of people in Brazil experience preoperative anxiety.
(Maulina et al.
, 2.
(Abate et al.
, 2.
The incidence of anxiety in Indonesia has been increasing annually, reaching 11.
of the adult population, according to data from the Ministry of Health.
The prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients ranges between 75% and 90% (Maulina et al.
Age, gender, marital status, education level, fear of anesthesia, fear of delays, type of surgery, fear of waking up during surgery, fear of financial loss, fear of postoperative pain, fear of death, and fear of the unknown origin can also have an impact (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2.
To avoid these issues, special actions are needed to help improve the motivation of patients who are about to undergo surgery, with the hope of reducing the anxiety they Several journal sources explain that non-pharmacological interventions, such as spiritual guidance, are very effective in reducing patient anxiety.
Spiritual guidance therapy fulfills a fundamental need for every individual to maintain, enhance, and strengthen their faith in God Almighty (Goni et al.
, 2.
Spiritual support for individuals undergoing surgery can help them feel less anxious because they will experience strength coming from God Himself, who provides this assistance (Pragholapati, 2.
Depending on the patientAos beliefs, spiritual care can take several forms, including prayer, dhikr, and reading the Quran.
People tend to feel calmer and more comfortable when they pray, and their faith and optimism .
(Amjadian et al.
, 2.
(Prasetyo et al.
(Satriyawati et al.
, 2.
At Karya Medika Hospital Bantar Gebang, between 2023 and 2024, the total number of surgical patients in the operating room was 1,061, with 225 elective patients .
ourced from the surgical outpatient clini.
La Ode Idris Kaimudin.
Kristina Lisum | Spiritual Therapy On Anxiety Levels Based on nursing diagnostic data collected from the Hospital Information System (SIMRS), approximately 50% of patients scheduled for surgery experience anxiety, especially those undergoing surgery for the first time.
This is reflected in the nursing diagnoses .
established in the nursing care plans.
This phenomenon occurs because patients feel threatened when undergoing surgery.
(Talindong & Minarsih , 2.
There are several nursing interventions that can be applied to preoperative patients, including education about the illness, explanation of the surgical process, family support, and spiritual therapy in the form of spiritual guidance.
Based on the data and phenomena presented above, the researcher is interested in conducting a study titled AoSpiritual Therapy on Anxiety Levels in Preoperative Patients.
Ao The research results are planned to be used as the basis for developing a nursing SOP for patients with anxiety disorders at Karya Medika Hospital Bantar Gebang.
METHODS
This literature review was conducted by analyzing and interpreting research Secondary data were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar.
The search keywords used were Auanxiety and spiritual and preoperativeAy on PubMed and Aukecemasan AND spiritual AND preoperasiAy on Google Scholar.
The journal search process took place from December 7, 2024, to February 2025, using the operator AND to facilitate finding relevant journals or articles.
The literature review method is used to examine scientific works or books, with data obtained from reliable sources (Ridwan et al.
, 2.
The PICOT method is used in this This method is commonly applied in quantitative research and aims to help answer research questions systematically (Hasani.
R et al.
, 2.
The purpose of this study is to determine the "Effectiveness of Spiritual Therapy on Anxiety Levels in Preoperative Patients.
The inclusion and exclusion criteria used as the basis for data source selection are explained narratively as follows:
Inclusion Criteria:
Articles published within the last 5 years, between 2019 and 2024.
Journals available in full-text format.
Sources from Google Scholar and PubMed search engines.
Journals relevant to the research topic.
Population or patients who are preoperative and experience anxiety before surgery and receive nonpharmacological interventions .
piritual Articles published in either Indonesian or English.
Exclusion Criteria:
Journals that are inaccessible.
Articles published in languages other than Indonesian or English.
Journals without a stated publication Journals not relevant to the research Journals not available in full-text A total of six journals, consisting of national and international articles published within the last 5 years .
, were reviewed in this literature review as follows:
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Identification Google Scolar n: 338.
PubMed n: 12 Identified articles: n = 350 Screening Articles not available in full text: n = 11 Articles in languages other than English and Indonesian: n = 76 Articles that met the criteria:
n = 81 Results - Studies with Diagram 1.
Pemilihan Artikel Dengan PRISMA Journals relevant to the research title: n = 341 Duplicate articles removed n: 8 inappropriate research design: n = 47 - Studies with interventions: n = 68 Articles reviewed: n = 6 Journals found on the PubMed and Google Scholar websites were analyzed using the PICOT method as follows:
La Ode Idris Kaimudin.
Kristina Lisum | Spiritual Therapy On Anxiety Levels Tabel 1: Analisa Picot Judul Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial To Assess The Effect Of Islamic Spiritual Intervention And Of Breathi ng Technique With Heart Rate Variability Feedback On Anxiety.
Depression And PsychoPhysiologic Coherence In Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (Amjadian , 2.
The Effect of Spiritual Care Services Anxiety Levels in Preoperative Patients Woodward Hospital (Talindong & Minarsih The Effect of Spiritual Support Anxiety Levels in Preoperative Patients in the Operating Room at R.
Balung (Prawiro et al.
The in this study consisted of women and 41 men aged years, who included in and medical The first group, after assessing their levels of anxiety, depression, and coherence, was given religion-based using Islamic teachings and the Quran, followed exercises to be done during certain hours at home Ai in 2-hour sessions The divided into 7 sessions Breathing and group in this Over eight weeks, received care in two-hour sessions with The control received only the standard Analysis (ANCOVA) depression scores across the three groups showed a significant group difference (F = 552.
P = 0.
with the effects of The Rsquared indicate that the religion-based grounded in the Quran and Islamic reduce anxiety and The in this study patients at Woodward Hammer Hospital The anxiety levels of preoperative patients were measured as a pre-test by the researcher .
ependent Afterward, the researcher conducted a post-test to measure the patientsAo anxiety before One of the methods used was a pretestposttest two groups.
The Wilcoxon test results showed a pvalue of 0.
< .
, so the null
(HCA)
was rejected and (HCA) was accepted There were Thirty selected as the sample.
Nonprobability LeiningerAos Transcultural Nursing Theory was used in this study to connect the which is spiritual support.
There were also further variations depending on the location This used a pretest post-test one-group The The Wilcoxon test was conducted at a significance level of = 5% .
Before 7% of the total, in the panic group received most of Most patients in the moderate anxiety group showed a decrease in their Pena Vol.
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with a quota was used Implementatio n of Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) Therapy Reduce Anxiety in Preoperative Patients (Hanandayu Kawanda et al.
The Effect of Spiritual Guidance Anxiety Levels of Preoperative Laparotomy Clients in the Central Surgery Installation (Sanjaya et al.
Case study of 1 patient.
The number The initial step involved the Numeric Rating Scale.
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Next, the three stages of SEFT therapyAi tuningAieach took ten to The therapy was administered once daily for two days, conducted using the STAI The process began with the client filling out a questionnaire as a pre-test conducted in the inpatient After that, the client guidance intervention in the central surgery room as a post-test anxiety levels after receiving spiritual 7% of the total.
The pvalue was less than This used a case approach on a single patient There significant result in the anxiety level of the preoperative patient, decreasing anxiety to mild anxiety after the SEFT intervention Divided into treatment and The results showed p = 0.
< .
, indicating a significant effect patients after the intervention in the RSUD Dokter Soedarso Pontianak.
In the control group, the pre-test score was 2.
65 and the posttest score was 10 A 09, with a pvalue of 0.
> La Ode Idris Kaimudin.
Kristina Lisum | Spiritual Therapy On Anxiety Levels Effect of Spiritist AuPasseAy on Preoperativ Anxiety of Surgical Patients:
A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Double-Blind The taken in this study was 69 (Carneiro et al.
Patients were randomly .
:1:.
treatment with Spiritual Healing (SP), where the spiritual healer applied longitudinal techniques:
from the top of the patient's head and slowly sliding their hands along the patient's body for 5 laying-on-ofhands techniques.
Then, they placed their hands above the patient's head and chest, about 10Ae15 cm away, for 5 minutes.
The placebo group consisted of volunteers who were not trained spiritual healers but placed their hands with the intent to heal, without any spiritual Intervention medical care Patients in the 'passe' intervention group anxiety .
< 0.
and muscle tension .
< 0.
, as well as improvements in well-being .
< More anxiety and muscle tension, along with patients exposed to the spiritual 'passe' compared to those receiving sham or standard medical RESULTS The results from the journal review are explained in the following table Tabel 2.
Karakteristik Hasil Artikel Yang Disertakan Authors (Amjadian et al.
Methods Using Intervention Religion-based therapy using Islamic teachings and the Qur'an was given, followed by homework and exercises at designated hours at homeAiin 2-hour sessions over 8 weeks.
The implementation was divided into 7 sessions (Talindong Minarsih One of the methods used was a twogroup pretestAe posttest design (Prawiro et al.
This was a using a onegroup pre-test Preoperative patients' anxiety levels were measured by the researcher as a pre-test .
ependent variabl.
After the intervention, a post-test was conducted to measure the Using a quasi-experimental technique related to providing spiritual support before and after the intervention Results The results were significant (F = 12.
552, p = 0.
, with the effects of convergent variables controlled.
This indicates that religious interventions based on the Qur'an Islamic teachings can significantly The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.
< 0.
alternative hypothesis (HC.
was accepted.
The Wilcoxon test at a significance level of = 0.
showed a significant effect, indicating a decrease in Pena Vol.
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post-test A case study was conducted on a single (Hanandayu Kawanda et al.
(Sanjaya et al.
Divided treatment and control groups.
(Carneiro et al.
Intervention medical care The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) metric was Subsequently, therapy consisted of three stages: setup, tapping, and adjustment, each lasting ten to fifteen minutes.
The therapy was administered once daily for two days, and evaluation was conducted using the STAI Clients complete a questionnaire as a pre-test in the inpatient ward.
Afterward, intervention in the central surgical ward, followed by a post-test assigned .
:1:.
to treatment with SP (Spiritist healer applying the longitudinal PEMBAHASAN Anxiety before undergoing surgical procedures often triggers fear in patients.
Patients may fear experiencing pain during surgery, worry that the operation will cause physical changes or deformities, and have other related concerns.
This anxiety can lead to symptoms such as nervousness, restlessness, irritability, fatigue, insomnia, concentrating (Grossman et al.
, 2.
(Fitria & Litasari, 2.
Various nursing interventions are carried out by nurses to reduce anxiety experienced by patients, one of which is providing spiritual support therapy.
This is based on the belief that each individual sees their illness as predestined by God, and that there is no other place to seek healing except from Him, who is the giver of both illness and cure (Talindong & Minarsih M.
, 2.
The anxiety levels after receiving spiritual support There was a significant reduction in the anxiety level of the preoperative patient, decreasing from moderate anxiety to mild anxiety after the SEFT The results showed p = 008 .
< 0.
, indicating a significant effect of the The Spiritist 'passe' intervention group showed significant reductions in anxiety .
< 0.
and muscle tension .
< 0.
, as well as improvements in well-being .
< 0.
compared to the sham or spiritual guidance provided includes inviting patients to pray together, encouraging them to perform religious rituals before surgery, advising Muslim patients to regularly recite dhikr .
emembrance of Go.
, and providing access for patients to read their respective religious texts according to their beliefs.
The journal review is also supported by research conducted by Weni Guslia Refti .
, which concluded that the majority of patients who received spiritual therapy showed overall positive responses.
It can be concluded that spiritual guidance has a significant effect on reducing preoperative anxiety levels in major surgery patients in the inpatient ward of RSAI Kota Bandung.
CONCLUSIONS
This is very important to implement across various healthcare services, especially in hospitals.
Most patients undergoing surgery experience anxiety.
Excessive La Ode Idris Kaimudin.
Kristina Lisum | Spiritual Therapy On Anxiety Levels anxiety can trigger physiological responses such as tachycardia, hypertension, and If left unmanaged, this can affect the length of hospital stay and lead to unnecessary increases in healthcare costs.
Therefore, spiritual guidance becomes an essential intervention that cannot be DAFTAR PUSTAKA