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, 233-244 .
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ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF FISHING BUSINESS
USING GILLNETS IN SALEMO ISLAND.
PANGKEP DISTRICT
Analisis Aspek Finansial Usaha Perikanan Alat Tangkap Gillnet Rajungan di Pulau Salemo Kabupaten Pangkep Khusnul Khatimah Hasrun1*.
Ahmed Absi2.
Arwin1.
Muh.
Ardiansyah1 1Muhammadiyah University of Mamuju (Water Resources Management.
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences.
Muhammadiyah University of Mamuj.
, 2Kyungdong University (Department of Smart Computing.
Faculty of International Studies.
Kyungdong Universit.
Goseong.
South Korea Pattalundru Street No.
Mamuju *Corresponding author: khusnul@unimaju.
(Received September 13th 2025.
Accepted June 22nd 2.
ABSTRACT Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicu.
is one of the economically important marine commodities produced from the waters of Pangkajene Islands.
Market demand for blue swimming crabs continues to increase.
According to the Pangkep Regency Marine and Fisheries Department, in 2010, crab production from fishing activities in the waters of Pangkep Regency reached 1,819.
7 tons.
The fishing gear used to catch blue swimming crabs is the crab Based on the above, it is necessary to conduct fishing activities that are more profitable and responsible.
Therefore, this study aims to analyze the financial aspects of the crab gillnet fishing gear in Salemo Island during MarchAeMay 2018.
This research employed a survey method, with data collected through questionnaires using the random sampling method from fishermen operating crab gillnets.
Based on the results, the R/C ratio > 1, with an average R/C ratio value of 1.
31, meaning that for every Rp 1 invested, the return is Rp 1.
31, or a margin of Rp 0.
This indicates that the blue swimming crab gillnet fishery business in Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency, is financially feasible and has the potential to continue and develop further.
Keywords: Keywords: Financial Aspects.
Crabs Gillnet.
Fishing Gear
ABSTRAK
Rajungan (Portunus pelagicu.
merupakan salah satu komoditi hasil laut ekonomis penting yang dihasilkan dari perairan Pangkajenen Kepulauan.
Permintaan pasar terhadap komoditas rajungan terus meningkat.
Menurut Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Pangkep, pada tahun 2010 produksi rajungan yang berasal dari penangkapan di perairan Kabupaten Pangkep sebesar 1819,7 ton.
Dan alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk menangkap rajungan adalah gillnet rajungan .
aring insang rajunga.
Berdasarkan hal tersebut diatas, perlu adanya suatu usaha penangkapan ikan agar lebih menguntungkan dan bertanggung jawab.
Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek finansial alat tangkap gillnet rajungan di Pulau Salemo pada bulan Maret Ae Mei 2018.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian e-ISSN : 2622-1934, p-ISSN : 2302-6049 Fisheries Journal, 16 .
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survey, data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan daftar kuesioner metode random sampling terhadap nelayan yang mengoperasikan alat tangkap gillnet rajungan.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, nilai R/C ratio > 1, dengan nilai rata rata R/C ratio adalah 1,31 yang berarti setiap mengeluarkan uang Rp 1,- maka diperoleh hasil sebanyak 1,31 atau margin sebesar 0,31 sehingga diketahui bahwa usaha perikanan gillnet rajungan di Pulau Salemo Kabupaten Pangkep dapat melanjutkan dan mengembangkan usahanya.
Kata Kunci: Aspek Finansial.
Gillnet Rajungan.
Alat Tangkap
INTRODUCTION
Pangkajene and Islands Regency (Pangke.
is one of the regions in South Sulawesi Province that possesses substantial potential in the fisheries and marine sectors.
As implied by its name, this region consists of 115 small islands scattered in the waters of the Makassar Strait.
Administratively.
Pangkep Regency has a total area of 12,362.
73 kmA, comprising 898.
29 kmA of land area and 11,564.
44 kmA of marine area.
This geographical configuration results in a coastline extending 42.
57 km along the mainland and 63.
57 km across its island clusters (DKP Pangkep, 2.
Salemo Island is one of the coastal areas in Pangkajene and Islands Regency that is known to have relatively abundant marine and fisheries resource potential, thereby serving as the primary source of livelihood for the local community (Asmi & Rahmat, 2.
The fisheries potential of Salemo Island mainly derives from its productive waters and high diversity of economically valuable marine biota, including blue swimming crab, small pelagic fish, and other capture fisheries commodities (Syamsuddin et al.
, 2.
As an important commodity, blue swimming crab makes a significant contribution to both fishermenAos household income and the coastal regional economy.
Increasing demand from local and international markets has driven high levels of blue swimming crab fishing activities, particularly in central and eastern regions of Indonesia (Maulana et al.
, 2.
Based on data from the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Pangkep Regency, in 2010 the blue swimming crab catch in the waters of Pangkep reached approximately 1,819.
The fishing gear used to catch blue swimming crab was crab gillnet .
lue swimming crab Based on the above considerations, given the importance of efforts to improve fishermenAos living standards and welfare, it is necessary to develop fishing enterprises that are more profitable and conducted in a sustainable and responsible manner.
Therefore, this study was aimed at analyzing the financial aspects of the blue swimming crab gillnet fisheries business on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency, which was conducted during MarchAeMay 2018.
METHODS
TIME AND LOCATION
This research was conducted during the period of March to May 2018 on Salemo Island, which is administratively located in Mattiro Bombang Subdistrict.
Liukang Tupabbiring Utara District.
Pangkajene and Islands Regency.
The research location can be seen in Figure 1.
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Figure 1.
Map of research locations on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency TOOLS AND MATERIALS The equipment and materials used in this study are presented in Table 1.
Table 1.
List of equipment and materials used in this study Equipment and Materials Unit
Function
Blue Swimming Crab Gillnet
Unit
Fishing gear used by fishermen
Scale
To determine the weight of the catch
Camera
Unit
Documentation Calculator Unit
To calculate data
Stationery Unit
To record data obtained in the field
Questionnaire List
Unit
To obtain data from local fishermen
Blue Swimming Crab
Individual Catch result
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
In accordance with its objectives, this study employed a survey method as its primary Data collection was conducted through questionnaires distributed using a random sampling method to fishermen who own and operate gillnet fishing gear for swimming crabs.
Respondents representing fishing households were selected from one coastal area, namely the Liukang Tupabbiring Utara District, which is part of an archipelago.
The number of respondents from the fishing household population was determined using the Slovin formula .
as cited by Sevilla et al.
, with a margin of error of 10% for descriptive research (Ihsan, 2.
, as follows:
ycu = ycA/1 ycA .
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n : the number of samples used in the study N : the total population or the overall number of research units e : the sampling error rate or the percentage tolerance of inaccuracy Based on this equation, the number of households (HH) used as samples in this study depends on the number of respondents targeted for interviews in accordance with the results of the formulation analysis applied.
For the purpose of determining policy priorities, in addition to being based on research observations, several respondents were also selected from fisheries actors as well as respondents representing local government authorities, relevant agencies .
arine and fisheries secto.
, higher education institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGO.
, community leaders, and related entrepreneurs, adjusted to the number of respondents available at the research location.
Direct measurements and observations were conducted concerning the technical and financial aspects of the blue swimming crab gillnet business unit, and interviews were carried out with fishermen who use blue swimming crab gillnet fishing gear.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
The financial aspect is indicated by net annual income, net income per operational day, and net labor income.
The feasibility level of the business can be calculated using the Revenue Cost Ratio formula.
This indicator functions to measure the level of financial feasibility of a business, determining whether the activity generates profits or incurs losses (Soekartawi, 2.
, with the following formula:
ycIAEya = ycNycuycycayco ycIyceycayceycnycyycyc ycNycuycycayco ycaycuycyc Where:
R/C > 1 = Business Makes a Profit R/C = 1 = Business Breaks Even R/C < 1 = Business Makes a Loss If the R/C value > 1, the business is considered profitable.
Conversely, if the R/C < 1, the business is considered loss-making.
Meanwhile, an R/C value of 1 indicates that the business is at break-even, meaning it neither makes a profit nor experiences a loss.
According to Soekartawi .
, total revenue is derived from the sale of fish catches, while total costs include all expenses incurred during one year of business activity.
The amount of profit is calculated from the difference between total revenue and total costs, using the following formula:
ya = ycEyc Oe .
aAyc yaAy.
Where:
K = Net income earned (R.
Pt = Total revenue (R.
BV = Variable costs (R.
Bt = Fixed costs This analysis aims to determine how long it will take to recoup the investment capital.
According to Riyanto .
, the Payback Period is the length of time required to recoup the initial investment from the net profit earned, with the following formula:
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ycEycaycyaAycaycayco ycuyce ycEyceycycnycuycc = ycyceycycycoycyc ycu 1 ycyceycayc ycaycoyceycaycu ycnycuycaycuycoyce RESULTS The financial aspect in fisheries enterprises is used to assess whether fishing activities are capable of generating profits and are feasible to be developed based on the relationship between operational costs, revenue, and business profitability.
Financial analysis also helps determine the level of efficiency in capital utilization within capture fisheries enterprises (Mustafa & Rachman, 2.
In capture fisheries activities, the financial aspect includes the analysis of production costs, income structure, as well as the calculation of economic feasibility such as the R/C ratio.
BEP, and payback period.
The results of these analyses can serve as a basis for decision-making on whether the business can be continued or requires improvement (Natsir et al.
, 2.
Investment Capital Investment capital refers to costs incurred for the purchase of vessels, fishing gear, engines, and other supporting equipment.
The analysis of investment costs for blue swimming crab gillnet fishermen on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency, is presented in (Table .
Table 2.
Analysis of Investment Costs for Blue Swimming Crab Gillnet on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency Investment (R.
Fisherman Amount (R.
Boat Fishing gear Machine Amount Average The average investment cost for the 10 crab gillnet fishermen is Rp 10,300,000, while the fishing gear costs Rp 1,090,000, and the engine costs around Rp 3,940,000.
Therefore, the average total investment cost for the 10 crab trap fishermen is Rp 13,470,000, as shown in Table 2.
Each fisherman's investment costs vary depending on the size of the boat, the number of fishing gears, and the engine power (HP) used.
The highest investment value was Rp 20,600,000, while the lowest investment was Rp 7,300,000.
Fixed Costs Fixed costs are routine expenses that remain constant even when production volume Based on an analysis of 10 fishermen using crab gillnets, the amount of fixed costs varies among fishermen.
On average, the fixed costs for a crab gillnet business reach IDR 19,922,750 (Table .
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Table 3.
Fixed Costs of Crab Gillnets on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency Fixed Costs Investment Costs Depreciation Costs Respondent (R.
(R.
Total Average Amount Variable Costs Variable costs are costs whose value varies depending on the volume of production.
These costs include equipment maintenance, operational costs, and labor wages.
A breakdown of the variable costs incurred by each crab gillnet business unit can be seen in Table 4.
Table 4.
Annual Variable Costs per Crab Gillnet Unit on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency Variable Costs Respondent Maintenance Costs (R.
Biaya Operasional (R.
Amount Total Average Profit Sharing System The profit sharing system applied by the fishermen of Salemo Island is 60% for the boat owner and 40% for the crew's wages, even though the crew are their own family, the profit sharing is still there for the crew to get 40% of the labor wages from the catch with an average of Rp.
3,269,199, - While the boat owner gets 60% of the catch with an average of Rp.
4,903,679, - as in (Table .
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Table 5.
Profit Sharing System for Fishing Boat Owners and Crew of Gillnet Crab Fishermen on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency.
Respondent Profit Total Average 4903679,94 3269119,96 Business Feasibility Analysis In assessing the feasibility of developing a business, investment criteria are used as a measuring tool.
One commonly used indicator is the R/C ratio (Return Cost Rati.
, which is the ratio between total revenue and total costs.
Table 6.
Results of the R/C Ratio Analysis of Swimming Crab Gillnets on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency.
Respondent Total Receipts Total cost
Profit
R/C Ratio
1,28
1,20
1,50
1,03
1,34
1,24
1,15
1,67
1,51
1,22
Total
13,18
Average 1,31 Based on the analysis results presented in Table 6, all crab gillnet fishery businesses operating on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency, demonstrated a R/C ratio greater than 1.
This indicates that the crab fishing business using gillnets is financially viable and has the potential for continuation and further development.
Payback Period Return on Investment Analysis.
This analysis is used to determine the return on investment period, as shown in Table 7, where the average return on investment for fishermen is IDR 48,191,090 within one year .
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Table 7.
Analysis of Return on Investment (Payback Perio.
for Crab Gillnet Fishermen on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency.
Pay Back of Period Investment Respondent (R.
Net Income (R.
Month
12,35
55,62
6,38
000 107,91
11,33
000 139,35
82,41
7,22
10,15
49,18
Total
999 481,91
Average 48,19 DISCUSSION Investment Capital Investment capital in fisheries enterprises includes the initial costs incurred for the provision of production facilities such as vessels, engines, and fishing gear.
This investment value is fixed in nature and serves as the basis for carrying out long-term fishing operations (Saputra & Nugroho, 2.
Investment capital plays an important role in determining the risk and prospects of fisheries enterprises.
The greater the capital expended, the higher the asset value and the financial responsibility that must be managed by fishermen (Fauzan & Ridwan, 2.
Investment is the allocation of capital for a certain period in order to obtain returns in the future or compensation for the funds invested.
Investment capital generally constitutes capital that can be used over a long period and is usually relatively large in amount.
The value of investment capital will experience depreciation from year to year and even from month to In capture fisheries activities, investment capital is generally allocated for the procurement of vessels, engines, and fishing gear, where the magnitude of the costs is strongly influenced by the type and size of the vessel, engine, and fishing equipment used.
The investment capital that has been expended by the 10 blue swimming crab gillnet fishermen shows that the average price of the vessel used is Rp 10,300,000, while the fishing gear has an average price of Rp 1,090,000, and the engine reaches approximately Rp 3,940,000.
Thus, the total average investment cost for the 10 fishermen using crab traps is Rp 13,470,000, as shown in Table 2.
Each fisherman incurs varying amounts of investment costs, depending on the size of the vessel, the number of fishing gears, and the engine power (HP) used.
The highest investment value recorded was Rp 20,600,000, while the lowest investment reached Rp 7,300,000.
Recent studies indicate that the assessment of investment capital is the initial stage in the financial analysis of fisheries enterprises to determine business feasibility and estimate the payback period through operational profits (Yuliani & Thamrin, 2.
Fixed Costs Fixed costs in fisheries enterprises are expenditures that do not change despite differences in catch volume, such as depreciation costs of fishing gear, taxes, and initial maintenance of e-ISSN : 2622-1934, p-ISSN : 2302-6049 Fisheries Journal, 16 .
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production facilities.
These cost components must still be incurred to ensure that fishing operations can take place (Firmansyah & Setiono, 2.
In small-scale capture fisheries enterprises, fixed costs generally include initial investments such as vessels, engines, and fishing gear.
Although operations are conducted seasonally, the value of fixed costs does not change, thus serving as a reference in business feasibility analysis (Wulandari et al.
, 2.
Based on the results of the analysis of 10 fishermen using blue swimming crab gillnet fishing gear, it is known that the magnitude of fixed costs varies among fishermen.
On average, the fixed costs incurred for blue swimming crab gillnet enterprises reach Rp 19,922,750 (Table In fisheries business feasibility analysis, tax costs are included as part of fixed costs because their amount does not change even if catch yields increase or decrease.
Taxes are usually paid based on asset ownership, such as vessels, fishing permits, business documents, as well as port or regional levies.
Several studies show that fisheries business taxes, whether in the form of fishing permits or other legal administrative fees, are included in fixed costs because their payment values are relatively constant and are not influenced by fishing seasons or production volumes (Hasanah & Putri, 2.
However, in this study, tax costs were not included in the calculation, because during the operation of their businesses, fishermen have never paid levies to the local In addition, the fishermen who became respondents also did not yet possess fisheries business licenses.
Variable Costs Variable costs in fisheries enterprises include all expenditures that change according to the intensity of fishing operations, such as fuel, bait, fishing gear maintenance, and logistical needs during fishing trips.
These cost components tend to be fluctuating because they are influenced by fishing seasons, trip frequency, and variations in catch yields (Nababan et al.
In small-scale fisheries, variable costs constitute the largest portion of total operational costs, particularly for components such as diesel fuel, oil, ice blocks, and fishing gear The variability of these costs becomes a determining factor of business profitability because they increase along with the number of fishing trips (Rahmawati & Firmansyah, 2.
Details of the variable costs incurred by each blue swimming crab gillnet business unit can be seen in Table 4.
Maintenance costs in fisheries enterprises are categorized as variable costs because their expenditures depend on the condition of fishing gear, vessel engines, and the frequency of equipment use during fishing activities.
The higher the operational intensity, the greater the costs that must be allocated for routine maintenance (Hidayat & Maulana, 2.
Based on the data in the previous table, the annual maintenance costs for each blue swimming crab gillnet unit range from Rp 675,000 to Rp 1,700,000 per year.
To support fishing operational activities, operational costs are also incurred, the magnitude of which is influenced by fishing trip frequency, operation duration, and the intensity of field activities.
Operational costs per unit of blue swimming crab gillnet fishing gear are recorded to range from Rp 8,077,500 to Rp 27,950,000 per year, with an average of Rp 16,294,450 per unit per year.
The value of these annual operational costs is relatively higher compared to the initial investment costs.
According to Soekartawi .
, in order to obtain maximum profits, business actors need to minimize production costs as low as possible while maintaining optimal levels of revenue.
In small-scale capture fisheries enterprises, labor wages usually adjust to the amount of catch and profit-sharing systems.
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cost because its value is not constant over time (Fauzi & Arifin, 2.
In the operation of this fishing gear, no labor .
rew member.
is employed because even when operated individually, the fishing gear can still function effectively.
Recent studies indicate that for traditional fishermen, variable costs such as bait, fuel, and gear maintenance are the main factors determining whether a business should be continued.
The higher the variable costs, the greater the risk of declining profit margins (Hidayat et al.
Profit-Sharing System The profit-sharing system in fisheries enterprises is a mechanism for distributing profits between the owners of production facilities and fishing workers based on certain agreements.
This model is considered capable of maintaining business sustainability and providing economic fairness for the parties involved (Farouk et al.
, 2.
In small-scale capture fisheries, profit-sharing systems are often used as a method of labor payment due to the unstable nature of income and its dependence on seasons.
Profit sharing is considered effective in increasing fishermenAos motivation when the distribution proportions are fair and transparent (Wijayanto et al.
, 2020.
Latif & Arfah, 2.
The profit-sharing system applied by fishermen on Salemo Island allocates 60% to vessel owners and 40% as wages for crew members, even though the crew members are family the profit-sharing arrangement still applies so that crew members receive 40% of the catch proceeds as labor wages with an average of Rp 3,269,199, while vessel owners receive 60% of the catch proceeds with an average of Rp 4,903,679, as shown in Table 5.
Business Feasibility Analysis Business feasibility analysis is conducted to assess whether a fisheries enterprise is feasible to be developed based on cost aspects, profits, and business risks.
The higher the value of feasibility indicators such as the R/C ratio.
BEP, or a shorter payback period, the more efficient and profitable the business is considered to be (Sari et al.
, 2021.
Putra & Nugraha.
If the R/C ratio = 1, the business is at a break-even point, meaning it does not experience profit or loss and is only able to cover production costs.
If the R/C ratio > 1, the revenue obtained is greater than the total costs, so the business is considered feasible and profitable to Conversely, if the R/C ratio < 1, the revenue is smaller than the total costs, so the business is not feasible to be carried out.
The higher the R/C ratio value, the greater the priority level and feasibility of the business to be developed (Soekartawi, 2.
Based on the results of the analysis presented in Table 6, all blue swimming crab gillnet fisheries business units operating on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency, show R/C ratio values greater than 1.
This indicates that blue swimming crab capture fisheries using gillnet fishing gear are financially feasible and have the potential to be continued and further developed.
Payback Period The payback period is the length of time required to recover investment costs through profits obtained from fishing operations.
The shorter the payback period, the more feasible the business is to be implemented (Pasaribu et al.
, 2.
Investment return analysis.
This analysis is used to determine the investment payback period as shown in Table 7, where within a period of 1 year .
, the average investment returned to fishermen is Rp 48,191,090.
CONCLUSION
The results of the analysis indicate that all blue swimming crab gillnet fisheries business units operating on Salemo Island.
Pangkep Regency, have R/C ratio values greater than 1, with an average of 1.
This means that every expenditure of Rp 1.
00 is able to generate revenue of Rp 1.
31, or in other words provides a profit margin of 0.
Based on these results, it can be e-ISSN : 2622-1934, p-ISSN : 2302-6049 Fisheries Journal, 16 .
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concluded that blue swimming crab capture fisheries using gillnet fishing gear on Salemo Island are feasible and have the potential to be further developed.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors express their deepest gratitude to all parties who have assisted in the implementation of this research, especially the fishermen on Salemo Island who provided data and information, as well as the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Pangkep Regency for their support and cooperation.
Appreciation is also extended to colleagues and university parties who provided assistance and guidance throughout the research process.
REFERENCE