JOURNAL MIDWIFERY (JM)
Jurnal Jurusan Kebidanan.
Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo P-ISSN .
E-ISSN .
8-523X)
http://jurnal.
id/index.
php/JM/index DOI: http://dx.
org/10.
52365/jm.
Effectiveness of Animated Video-Based Health Education on Adolescent Knowledge of HIV/AIDS at SMA Negeri 15 Semarang Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 Health Polytechnic.
Ministry of Health.
Semarang.
Semarang City.
Central Java Province.
Indonesia.
Email: poltekkes-smg@poltekkes-smg.
id1, melyana_nurul@poltekkes-smg.
kharismana1@gmail.
ABSTRACT
HIV/AIDS is an infectious disease with a high risk of transmission among adolescents, primarily due to limited knowledge and lack of accurate information.
One effective strategy to address this issue is through health education, particularly using engaging media such as animated videos to enhance delivery and retention.
This study aimed to determine the effect of health education using animated video media on increasing adolescent knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
The research employed a quasiexperimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach.
A total of 40 adolescents participated and received an intervention in the form of education through animated video.
Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with 30 multiple-choice items administered before and after the intervention.
Based on the results, before the health education intervention using animated video media, most respondents .
people or 62.
5%) were in the good knowledge category, 12 respondents .
%) were in the sufficient category, and 3 respondents .
5%) were in the lacking After the intervention, all respondents .
%) were in the good knowledge category, with no respondents in the sufficient or lacking categories.
The statistical test showed Z = -4.
939 and p = 000 .
< 0.
, indicating a significant difference.
Health education using animated video media is effective in increasing adolescent knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
Keywords: Animated Video.
Adolescents.
Knowledge.
HIV/AIDS A2025 Nanang Qosim.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari Under the licence CC BY-SA 4.
*Nanang Qosim.
Health Polytechnic.
Ministry of Health.
Semarang.
Semarang City.
Central Java Province.
Indonesia, nanangqosim@poltekkes-smg.
Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
INTRODUCTION
very urgent in efforts to promote clean and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Viru.
a healthy living behavior.
These include virus that attacks the immune system, sexual abstinence before marriage or loyalty to one partner, continuous use of immunity so that it is very easy to be condoms every time you have sex, infected with various other diseases.
AIDS
avoiding the use of injected drugs, and (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrom.
ensuring that you get correct and accurate a group of symptoms of reduced self- information about HIV/AIDS from trusted defense ability caused by the entry of the HIV virus.
People with HIV/AIDS are In Central Java, the highest HIV/AIDS rate called ODHA (Imelda, 2020.
Kemenkes, is in Semarang City.
The spread of Martilova, 2020.
Ovany et al.
HIV/AIDS in Semarang City is very The Semarang City Health HIV/AIDS disease continues to grow and Office detected at least hundreds of new become a global problem that has hit the cases throughout the year.
Information world, including in Indonesia.
The number from the Semarang City Health Office of HIV and AIDS cases in Indonesia has states that the total number of HIV/AIDS also been reported to have continued to sufferers in Semarang City is 5,228 increase cumulatively from 2005 to 2021.
people, and an average of 500 new As of March 2021, 427,201 people were sufferers each year.
One of the HIV/AIDS Indonesia, cases with a total of 168 HIV/AIDS cases 7% of the target of 90% of and is the sub-district with the highest HIV new cases.
Meanwhile, the number of rate in Semarang (Mujoko et al.
, 2.
people living with AIDS from 1987 to Citing data revealed by the Head of March 2021 has reached 131,147.
The Disease Prevention and Control of the number of newly infected HIV cases in Central Java Health Service.
Rahmah Nur Indonesia continues to increase, as seen Hayati, the number is data from January to from previous data.
New HIV infections June 2022.
That Semarang City has 181 .
ew HIV case.
were 859 in 2005, 21,591 cases.
Grobogan 123 cases.
Blora 87 cases, in 2010, 30,935 in 2015, and 41,987 in and Demak 67 cases of HIV 2020 (Dirjen P2P, 2.
Muchammad Dafi, 2.
Even from his According to Nurlinda .
HIV/AIDS research.
Kumaladewi .
stated that prevention which is a world program is Semarang City is the area with the highest
HIV
(Yusuf.
Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
number of new HIV/AIDS cases in Central showing animated videos.
The rampant Java.
As from his report, in 2022-2023 transmission of HIV / AIDS in society, new HIV findings in Semarang City especially in adolescents, is due to free increased, namely to 34% .
and association and the use of injection 4% .
This is due to a lack of knowledge Lack of knowledge and information about about HIV / AIDS.
this disease can affect adolescents at risk In line with that, according to Nurlinda of problems about this.
Therefore, one way .
who quoted Sarwono .
that to prevent it is by increasing adolescent adolescence is a productive age that is very knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
Including efforts to overcome HIV/AIDS can be because when teenagers experience high done by utilizing ICT (Information and sexual urges and always seek information Communication Technolog.
which is about sex, and the knowledge and currently growing.
The potential to utilize information related to reproductive health that they get is very lacking.
Therefore, overcome the spread of HIV/AIDS, is teenagers generally prefer to seek various quite large.
Indonesian society, including sources of information that they can young people, is accustomed to not being obtain, such as gathering with peers, separated from their cellphones, so it will accessing books about sex, accessing adult be easy to get new information related to sites on the internet, trying masturbation.
HIV/AIDS via Android (Karyaningtyas et making out or even having sex with their , 2020.
Silaban et al.
, 2.
According to Humaira .
and also Given the high number of HIV/AIDS Qosim .
high school is a transition cases and the vulnerability of adolescents period from adolescence to adulthood, so it to engaging in risky behavior due to lack is very easy for the influence and curiosity of knowledge, an effective, attractive to be very high to try negative things such educational strategy is needed that is in as smoking, drinking alcohol, drugs and accordance with the characteristics of even free sex.
and all of that can cause today's digital generation.
several disease problems, especially HIV / Health education plays a very important AIDS which is very prone to occur in role in increasing adolescent knowledge adolescents, so researchers want to provide knowledge about what HIV / AIDS is by Good
HIV-AIDS,
HIV-AIDS
Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
knowledge of HIV-AIDS and positive attitudes are very important for HIV-AIDS through digital devices that are familiar to prevention (Zhang et al.
, 2.
Research by Nurlindawati indicates that Most previous educational efforts for health education in the form of counseling about HIV/AIDS for adolescents is crucial methods such as lectures or printed because the incidence of HIV/AIDS materials, which tend to be less attractive and have limited impact on knowledge (Nurlindawati, 2.
Although audiovisual media Research by Elfika et al.
have been introduced, there is still little significant increase in knowledge levels research specifically examining animated video as a medium for HIV/AIDS health intervention, the majority of respondents education among Indonesian adolescents.
%) had poor knowledge, while after the Animated videos provide stronger visual intervention, the majority .
2%) were in appeal, storytelling, and motion elements the good knowledge category.
The paired t-test showed a significance value of p = memory retention compared to static or 000 .
< 0.
, indicating a significant text-based media.
This research therefore difference between before and after the fills that gap.
intervention (Elfika et al.
, 2.
Therefore, this study was conducted to The results of Kusnan et al.
's .
study determine the effect of health education showed that counseling could influence using animated video media on increasing students' knowledge and attitudes about adolescent knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS with .
= 0.
Likewise, addressing the limited evidence on the use Wahyuni's .
study showed that of animated videos compared to other knowledge before and after being given media, as one of the promotive and health promotion through audiovisual controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS Before HIV/AIDS experimental group showed a p value among young people.
From the above, the use of audiovisual media, such as animated videos, is an alternative in conveying health information because it is visual.
METHOD This study was conducted in AprilAeMay 2025 with a quasi-experimental research type using a one group pretest and posttest Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
design approach.
The sampling technique hypothesis test, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov used purposive sampling, which is a type normality test was first conducted.
Data of non-probability sampling.
In this study, that were not normally distributed were there was one group of adolescents who presented using the median, minimum and were given an intervention in the form of maximum values, while data that were health education about HIV/AIDS using normally distributed were presented in the form of mean and standard deviation.
intervention was given, a pretest was determine the difference in knowledge conducted to determine the level of initial scores before and after the intervention, knowledge of adolescents.
After that, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used education was given through playing an as a non-parametric test for paired data.
animated video with a duration of A 7 This research has obtained ethical approval minutes, which covered the following from the Health Research Ethics Commission topics: .
the definition of HIV/AIDS, .
Polytechnic .
Before transmission, .
prevention, and .
Semarang Ministry Health Number:
683/EA/F.
XXi.
38/2025.
treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Afterwards a posttest was conducted to determine changes in knowledge scores following the RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Results The This study involved 40 teenagers as respondents at SMA Negeri 15 Semarang.
adolescents of SMAN 15 Semarang.
The Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows.
characteristics is as follows.
Before study was Table 1.
Table Respondent Characteristics Frequency Respondent Characteristics .
Gender Male Female Age Ae Early Teens Source: Primary Data 2025 Presentation .
%) 33,5% 67,5% 5,0% 92,5% 2,5% In table 1, it can be seen that there are 40 .
5%).
Based on gender, most of the respondents with the largest age range respondents were women as many as 27 being 17 years old as many as 37 people people .
5%).
Most of the respondents Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
education about HIV/AIDS, either through characteristics of adolescent age, such as conventional or digital media, so an through animated video media.
interesting educational approach is needed Table 2.
Knowledge Value Before and After Health Education Based on Animated Video Media Variable Knowledge Lowest value Before After The highest score
Median Mean A SD
93,00
97,00
78,43
88,02
78,43 A8,68
88,02 A 5,87
57,00
77,00
Source: Primary Data 2025 Based on the results of univariate analysis, lowest score of 57.
00 and the highest score before being given animated video media- 00, with a median of 78.
43, and an based health education intervention, the average .
43 and a standard adolescents' knowledge scores showed the deviation of 8.
Table 3.
Frequency Distribution of Knowledge Categories of Respondents Before the Animated Video Health
Education Intervention Category Knowledge Level Before n=40 Good
>76%
62,5%
Enough 56Ae 76% Not enough < 56% 7,5% Total Source: Primary Data 2025 Based on Table 3, before being given a all respondents .
%) were in the good knowledge category, and there were no animated video media, most respondents respondents in the sufficient or lacking .
people or 62.
5%) were in the good This shows a marked increase adolescentsAo .
%) were in the sufficient category, and HIV/AIDS after the intervention.
3 respondents .
5%) were in the lacking The grouping of knowledge categories is based on the classification proposed by After Arikunto .
, namely: good if the value is Ou 76%, sufficient if the value is 56Ae animated video media about HIV/AIDS, 75%, lacking if the value is O 55%.
Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
Table 4.
Frequency Distribution of RespondentsAo Knowledge Categories After the Animated Video Health Education Intervention Category The Value of Knowledge Before n=40 Good
>76%
Enough 56Ae 76% Not Enough < 56% Total Source: Primary Data 2025 The results of the statistical analysis of This increase is in line with the knowledge descriptive data on the value of adolescent level category according to Arikunto knowledge after being given a health .
, where a value of Ou 76% is education intervention based on animated categorized as good.
video media about HIV/AIDS showed that The data normality test in this study was all respondents, namely 40 people .
%), calculated using Shapiro-Wilk because the had a level of knowledge in the good number of samples was <50.
The data is There were no respondents with said to be normally distributed if the knowledge in the sufficient or insufficient significance value (Pvalu.
> 0.
The results of the normality test can be seen in This shows that educational intervention the following table:
using animated video media is very knowledge about HIV/AIDS as a whole.
Groub Intervention Table 5.
Shapiro-Wilk Data Normality Test
P Value Conclusion Pre-test
0,198
Normally Distributed Post test
0,018
Not Normally Distributed Source: Primary Data 2025 Based on the data normality test using so that it was stated that the data was not Shapiro-Wilk, it was found that the Therefore, intervention group had pre-test and post- Wilcoxon test results that were smaller than .
Table 6.
Wilcoxon Knowledge Test Statistical Results Test Statistik Nilai p Asymp.
Sig.
-taile.
-4,939 ,000 Source: Primary Data 2025 Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
The test results show that the Z statistic respondents in the sufficient or lacking value is -4.
939, with a significance value of Asymp.
Sig.
-taile.
These data show that health education Because the significance value is smaller interventions with animated video media than the significance level of 0.
< have a positive impact on increasing .
, it can be concluded that there is a adolescent knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
Changes in the distribution of categories knowledge value before and after being from the majority in the less category to given education.
the majority in the good category reinforce Thus, intervention in the form of animated that animated video media is effective in video media-based health education has conveying information that is easily proven effective in increasing adolescent knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
The majority videos are a learning medium to provide of respondents experienced an increase in the ability to visualize material that value, indicating that the use of animated students cannot see or imagine (Alifia & Hendriana, 2021.
Gae et al.
, 2.
by adolescents.
Animated educational strategy in delivering health Animated video learning media makes it information among adolescents.
easier to provide information in delivering material, with the advantage of being able Discussion to increase the effectiveness and speed in Based on the research data, before being delivering material by 30%, the ability to given education through animated video make abstract objects or materials into media, most students were in the good concrete ones with the aim of increasing the knowledge of the recipient of the respondents .
5%), while 12 respondents information (Mariana et al.
, 2025.
Putri et .
%) were in the sufficient category and , 2.
3 respondents .
5%) were in the lacking Adolescent knowledge before being given After being given a health animated video-based health education education intervention based on animated about HIV/AIDS at SMAN 15 Semarang showed that most respondents had a low respondents .
%) were in the good level of knowledge, namely 25 people knowledge category, and there were no .
5%).
This indicates that before being HIV/AIDS, given the intervention, there were still Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
in the form of animated videos, which are understand about HIV/AIDS prevention.
These results are in line with research by according to their age characteristics.
Anggraini et al.
, which states that In addition, this study has a novelty health education has an important role in compared to previous research.
Most previous studies have only examined health-related conventional health education methods or The age of respondents who are general audiovisual media, whereas this in adolescence shows that they have study specifically uses animated video entered an active phase of cognitive and media tailored to high school students in social development, where they begin to an Indonesian school setting (SMAN 15 be open to various new information but are Semaran.
The animated video developed also very vulnerable to environmental in this study contains five core topicsAi definition, clinical symptoms, modes of Lack of knowledge during this period can transmission, prevention, and treatment of be a risk factor for risky behavior.
HIV/AIDSAicombined including behavior related to HIV/AIDS visuals and storytelling designed for Furthermore, the instrument interventions through media that are used to measure knowledge was adapted and validated for this specific context.
adolescents such as animated videos are These aspects differentiate this research considered very appropriate and effective.
from earlier studies and highlight its After being given intervention in the form contribution to the development of more of health education based on animated engaging and effective health education video media about HIV/AIDS, there was a media for adolescents.
significant increase in knowledge among This study is in line with research This is indicated by the conducted by Ananda Ismail et al .
, increasing number of respondents who which shows that there is a significant have a good level of knowledge, which is influence between increasing knowledge 29 students .
5%).
This increase is and attitudes in preventing HIV/AIDS thought to be because during the education transmission, with a p-value of 0.
process, students showed high attention <0.
This means that media-based and enthusiasm for the material presented health education interventions are effective Therefore.
Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
in increasing adolescents' understanding of because it is easier for adolescents to important health issues such as HIV/AIDS, accept and understand.
while also influencing their attitudes in Furthermore.
Notoatmodjo .
stated making healthier and more responsible that a good learning process will produce good knowledge.
Knowledge is the main This study shows that after being given a factor that influences a person's attitude health education intervention based on and behavior, including in making health- animated video media, there was a related decisions.
Therefore, educational interventions that are designed visually, knowledge of adolescents at SMAN 15 informatively, and age-appropriately such Semarang, with 72.
5% of respondents in as animated videos have been proven to be the good knowledge category.
Enni Juliani able to form a strong knowledge base for .
reported a significant increase in HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS
awareness of the importance of prevention.
However, this study also has several The use of social media as a primary First, the sample was taken source of information also increased, while conventional media such as television and Semaran.
, so the results cannot be radio decreased.
These results indicate that generalized to all adolescent populations technology-based learning media can be an with different social, cultural, or regional Second, the study only (SMAN measured knowledge immediately after the This increase can be explained through the intervention, without long-term follow-up concept of three main domains in health to assess retention of knowledge or education, namely knowledge, skills, and changes in actual behavior.
Third, the possibility of external influences, such as important role in creating opportunities for access to information from social media or individuals to improve health literacy, as peers during the study period, may have well as life skills that support disease affected the results.
prevention efforts (Mubayyina et al.
Another critical point is that although the Health information through animated video media knowledge, this study did not directly measure changes in preventive behavior Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
related to HIV/AIDS.
In fact, behavioral increasing adolescent knowledge about change is the ultimate goal of health HIV/AIDS.
Future studies should integrate The results of this study confirm that animated video media is effective as a means of health education, especially in comprehensive understanding.
Despite conveying complex information such as HIV/AIDS to the adolescent age group.
This significant increase is also reflected adolescent health programs.
The findings suggest that animated video media can be knowledge categories, where before the an innovative, attractive, and effective education was given, the majority of respondents were in the good knowledge Public .
5%),
practitioners and educators are encouraged intervention, all respondents .
%) were technology-based in the good knowledge category.
This research aligns with Irma Fidora's promotion programs targeting adolescents.
research (Fidora & Utami, 2.
, which Furthermore, educational content that average knowledge of reproductive health Furthermore, is accurate, results are supported by the findings of culturally appropriate, and tailored to the Lismawati and Septiwiyarsih .
, who developmental needs of adolescents.
stated that adolescent girls' knowledge Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test increased significantly after receiving analysis, a significance value .
-taile.
of health education through animated videos.
p = 0.
000 (<0.
was obtained, which They indicates that there is a significant education, only 13.
7% of respondents had difference between the knowledge values good knowledge, which increased to before .
and after .
given a 4% after the intervention.
health education intervention based on This increase in knowledge is a strong animated video media.
This indicates that indication that health education packaged there is a significant influence of providing in interactive visual forms such as education using animated video media on animated videos can make it easier for Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
teenagers to understand health issues.
With a fairly large youth population and HIV/AIDS the potential to be agents of change in the future, it is very important to make them information through visual media also the main target in health education reduces the potential for misunderstanding and strengthens students' memory of the HIV/AIDS, in order to produce a healthy, material presented.
caring, and knowledgeable generation.
However, the role of media in adolescents' lives is not always positive.
According to Lismawati Septiwiyarsih media such as television that is not properly filtered can actually be a means of influencing negative behavior, such as free sex or drug abuse.
This will have an impact on increasing the risk of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS.
Therefore, it is important for adolescents to be equipped with the right information and education, so that they can filter the information they receive and are able to According to the researcher's observation.
The knowledge of adolescents in the intervention group showed an increase based on the average pretest and posttest Health education about HIV/AIDS adolescent knowledge, because it was easy-to- understand way, and in accordance with the characteristics of the adolescent's age.
This intervention can be a relevant educational strategy in efforts to prevent make wise health decisions.
CONCLUSION
respondents did not clearly understand what HIV/AIDS is, how it is transmitted, and how to prevent it.
Therefore, it is very important to provide correct and accurate understanding to adolescents, considering that they are an age group that is in the identity search phase and is very easily influenced by the social environment and HIV/AIDS from school age.
Based on these findings, it is recommended that videoAebased education programs be implemented in other schools to reach a wider population Furthermore, research is advised to include a control group and conduct long-term follow-ups to more accurately evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of this intervention.
information they receive from various Nanang Qosim1.
Melyana Nurul Widyawati2.
Kharismana Umia Wulandari3 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
THANK YOU
collection team who have helped carry out The author would like to express his the research in the field, as well as to the deepest gratitude to Poltekkes Kemenkes Health Research Ethics Commission of Semarang for the financial support and Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang for the facilities provided through this research approval and ethical direction during the research process.
Thanks are also expressed to the Principal Special thanks are also expressed to all and Teachers of SMA Negeri 15 Semarang parties who have contributed, both directly and the students who have agreed to be and indirectly, to the completion of this respondents in this study.
Appreciation is BIBLIOGRAPHY