al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311
ISSN: 1907-591X.
E-ISSN: 2442-3084
DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
19105/al-lhkam.
Min al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah: Fiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoi al-Jadal TijAh al-JamAAoAt al-IslAmiyyah bi IndnsiyA Waskito Wibowo Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Indonesia email: waskito.
wibowo@uinjkt.
Yuli Yasin Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Indonesia email: yuli.
yasin@uinjkt.
Mohammad Syairozi Dimyathi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Indonesia email: syairozi.
dimyathi@uinjkt.
Saepul Anwar Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Indonesia email: saepul.
anwar@uinjkt.
Article history: Received: March 26, 2023.
Accepted: October 20, 2023.
Published: June 30, 2025 Abstract:
During his second term.
President Joko Widodo took decisive action by dissolving two prominent Islamist organizations in Indonesia.
Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) and the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI).
This study explores how the Indonesian government has sought to strengthen its position and gain the trust of nationalist and moderate Islamic factions through antiIslamist policies.
By utilizing Islam as a political tool, the administration has fostered nationalism while suppressing Islamist and conservative movements.
Employing a case study and fiqh siyasah conceptual approach and analyzing secondary data from books, journals, and media, this research examines Author correspondence email: waskito.
wibowo@uinjkt.
Available online at: http://ejournal.
id/index.
php/alihkam/ Copyright .
202u by Al-Ihkam.
Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA AAthree key questions: how Indonesian presidents haveAA AAhistorically interpreted Islamism, how identity has been used toAA AAfuel animosity between Islamists and JokowiAos administration,AA and the impact of dissolving Islamic organizations onAA AAIndonesia's democratic future.
The findings reveal that religionAA AAhas been exploited for political purposes, posing a threat toAA AAfreedom of expression and assembly in a democracy, whileAA AAJokowiAos administration has strategically used Islamism toAA AAconsolidate its power and public trust.
This matter, in fact,AA AAgains legitimacy from the political jurisprudence that theAA AAIslamic group seeks to promote.
AAKeywords:AA A.
APolitics.
Islamism.
NationalismAA authority.
DemocracyAA A seoA A y si o e suai U a i s U u A UA E a U A A a U oi N oi u a oa i e o e E i N aA UA o a aA Aso s )A (HTIAei sUseUi U s )A .
(FPIAeoU A As s i NE s ac i U I sy y u i i a a i sO u i s i oU A A i a uo i sO Eu A UA a i si i so i si i s iA AsU U o i A UA y a a i A a e i A .
Ae o s s i u i iA As oa y s u E se a i a U s U cao i O u iA Asi )A (IslamistAsUaeOi )A .
onservatistA NaA.
Aca o s i y s i sO ai eo s a i u se o su A A s o aO seaai y s s ai sU u oei su oa sU iA A soa E i s U i o u s U a ai O a u y si o i sUoU o iA AcaO aU ai s iA UA A iA c sUo ai U so NE U aO i u uiA AEUiA ( :Aue e Ia sOi si U Ua si UA AsUu A (Aue eay susi ci si Oa u yA AA285AA al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
Asoay ssiu A (Aue Iu ai Oa u cU sUOaiA As i U oo e s y o sE i N a A .
A s n sU o a i NEA AcU soaU a Eu s a s oa aA EE sc U i e a E A ia As a i A .
A Eu s o s i s a i e O i soU ec sO n A Aso O c o cO a y o sE u N aA .
A e Eu O a u A A s oa s i u a uo i sO E u i A.
Asuai sUioaiA:AA Ae o s a i u s i u s o i u s O i u s y o sE iA AoiA AE sO y y A i s s a i N a c u a u a aiA A U a soeI cA .
Ae a y sU s u a y i soeI oo e s a i N aA UAu A Au uc s au O sO s s E sca i s a i a sA iA A .
ANu N u A AsUei si E "A "mobocracyA NaA 1a caei ai si A Auc sUi sUoUiA .
AU e sUuayA UA sUOae A A U s sUi sUaeOi aA
AsU i s i a U a i u e i sU seU i U s u a U o o i c iA As u au A UAE EA iAa a ca i o a ay s a i s E u U a i sO u i a U aiA
AA2AA
As a i A AA1 Ihsan Ali Fauzi.
AuMobocracy? Counting the Cost of the Rallies to AoDefendAA
AAyAoAIslam,AA AAIndonesia
AAMelbourne,AA AADecemberAA
AA9,AA
AA2016,AA
AAhttps://indonesiaatmelbourne.
au/mobocracy-counting-the-cost-of-thearallies-to-defend-islam/.
AA2 Marcus Mietzner and Burhanuddin Muhtadi.
AuExplaining the 2016 IslamistAA AAMobilisation in Indonesia: Religious Intolerance.
Militant Groups and the Politics ofAA
AAyAAccommodation,AA asianAA
AAStudiesAA
AAReviewAA
AA42,AA
AAno.
AA3AA
AA.
:AA
AA479Ae97,AA AAhttps://doi.
org/10.
1080/10357823.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA286AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA Ae u s o y N u s a u a i s E s c a i a e i s U a i yA Ai c s E e sU I iA UAN a s i a c s iA UA y U a sO i aI U a u aA Aua Nuau )A (Dale EickelmanA cua )A.
(James PiscatoriAA Au au sO a s a A UA s sU aC s E E u au A A UAE U a AA A oae i A UAc oA a c i A .
Ay o o sO aU ai s i sU a i ) so i ( s u iA A i a I U E i s i s O y U a A 3 .
A a i N a E u s sO s a U A AA4AA AsE sUe y u so A a U e a A.
A Ua AA Uen sOaUai si Us Ua sai siA A n U s o a s U sU o O A .
AsU U ai sA o e soi a a cA AsUi Ee Ni oon aUai u A FPIAA .
HTIANs uan Ai HTIAcA A Nai sUei si sUaUiA UAeoE A FPIAc U sUi si iA AUaiA .
Aa sUsi sU )A (PKSA a Ua Uai i uaUi ssuA AsU i O s o c se C aA .
A O EA iAa a s i u iA ANiA UAN EAiA cIs Ua ucUs y Es si NE Euu sUosUaA 5AcUA As A a a s a i A .
As O a U a i s i a s o e U a e s A s A UA a i c U A aA AseU A UA ca sU a i oa e i U i cU A a seU u a oA E aeauA A aU ai sU A 6 .
A O o A UAeOu s e i Eu E Uo s sUU a i u u U A Aso s i A UA e u NE sO i a I U s e sO e N a i s U i s iA A sU o O A .
A s sU a y a s U a a sU a e O i A.
AA3 Dale F.
Eickelman and James Piscatori.
Muslim Politics (New York: Thomson,AA AA1.
, 7.
AA4 Robert W Hefner.
Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia (NewAA AAJersey: Princeton University Press, 2.
AA5 Dirk Tomsa.
AuModerating Islamism in Indonesia: Tracing Patterns of PartyAA AAChange in the Prosperous Justice Party,Ay Political Research Quarterly 65, no.
:AA
AA486Ae98, https://doi.
org/10.
1177/1065912911404566.
AA6 Neil Krishan Aggarwal.
AuExploiting the Islamic State-Taliban Rivalry forAA AACounterterrorism Messaging,Ay Journal of Policing.
Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 12,AA AAno.
: 1Ae15, https://doi.
org/10.
1080/18335330.
AA287AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
Ae a N i sU u i Eu a A sO a U a i s i o o o a i a a e a aA AO N a U EA iAa U o A iA s i sO i s i sA o NE cao a A A)A (PancasilaAsos caOa syosEA UAu ai EA UAeOu i soUec aUcA A s e s U e s U i y o sE i sA ia.
A sO ca u Eu I si s y o sE i E i uc u uc s auA AsOy sUcaiA UAo cea sOai NE sUae e sy caU U Uiai aoiiA A y o s E i s o s A o e a a A .
A s s a i A UA U o I s y o sE i s A A)A (Indonesia Democracy IndexAU U sE sUUi soiai oA AsU I si s y o sE i sA o a aA UA sA so soa i A :A au i so O A UA iA Au sO U ai A UA i soU ec Nc s s E e sU I i sO u i u au iA Aso u au sU I i s aco oi O s a a i u i s a e i E s N aUi auA AsU a se ci sO i u a u i sU o O soE uc U s a a i sU a i y sU I a iA Aso u i u y sU U a i sU a i NE sO u E s s E i so U i s E i so A aU i uA Aai soacaiu ssi sUui ssi i )A (PTUNAcEu aai sUIiA AsO u i u i aei sU siu E s sec sE i i sU o O u soU s a u s A AA7AA As sa s a i A.
AsU s s a i y so A aa sU oU o i caO aU a i s i U a i sA iA Asai uA UA s ay Nu sOui sUoi A HTIAA FPIAuU Ua AA A Aoa sosIA .
Aai sOui a ai sUUoi ia oUeaA :A sOaUaiA A a a u U ai a A i a cao a A 8 .
A E a s o A AA7 BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
Au[New Metho.
Central Level Indonesia DemocracyAA AAIndexAA AAyAIndicatorsAA AA(Jakarta,AA AA2.
,AA AAhttps://w.
id/en/statisticsatable/2/MjE2NCMy/-new-method--central-level-indonesia-democracy-indexaindicators.
AA8 Hasbi Aswar and Gustrieni Putri.
AuState Repression on the Islamic PoliticalAA AAOpposition in Indonesia in the Period of 2017-2021,Ay Communications in HumanitiesAA and Social Sciences 2, no.
: 41Ae47, https://doi.
org/10.
21924/chss.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA288AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA A s o Eu u i a a i ss i sU a eO i s U e i s i o o N s C O so A As i sU U o i sU i A iAA i sU a sO ae s a i s i A 9A OA As i A.
A s s i s aco i O Ai s a i u y o E i s u aa s c NEA AEu s E se i U i O so s s o a O A UA s i O sa ei EA AsUiA 10.
AEu sos sio uEsi AaO sUEe sai oicsi sUaiA Ao oi ses N s s y EUay siA 11.
Aa uoaciA AN a E A iAa o y N u c a o a u E a i s s O s oO a s a U A A u a U U a i s sa sO u a i s i A .
A u o U a sA u anA
As a u a i s a i E E a s oa s a u E se a i e sO u i eaOA
AA12AA
A a a i a A i ca sU i sU u eA.
AN aei o A UAu a y s sUo ay so u o sU i ci sO aU ai s iA A s i sA oa ai cU A a seU A UA a i aa s i a s caU oea A AsaeiA .
Aa UUa soaA y eay susi )A (Hate SpinAsA n sa cauA Ay )A (Cherian GeorgeA u Euay sosi sai sA oa iA AsU U i oU eU i sU I O sU U a i A .
A oo sU o a i O e e a i U u i i i cA A I a s O i s i U U a s i U s U A UA u i i ea y su s i ciA As i O a u y s oa y ss i E A a u i i E uc a i O a u A AA9 Zuly Qodir.
Hasse Jubba, and Mega Hidayati.
AuIslamism and ContemporaryAA AAIndonesian Islamic Politics,Ay Jurnal Adabiyah 22, no.
: 160Ae76,AA AAhttps://doi.
org/10.
24252/jad.
AA10 Luthfi Assyaukanie.
AuReligion as a Political Tool Secular and Islamist RolesAA AAin Indonesian Elections,Ay Journal of Indonesian Islam 13, no.
: 454Ae79,AA AAhttps://doi.
org/10.
15642/JIIS.
AAyA11 Ali Riaz.
AuTraditional Institutions as Tools of Political Islam in Bangladesh,AA AAJournal of Asian and African Studies, 2005, https://doi.
org/10.
1177/0021909605055072.
AA12 Erna Anjarwati.
AuThe Emergence of Religious Nationalism: Facing theAA AAChallenges of Pluralism in Indonesia,Ay Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies 3, no.
AA2 .
, https://so03.
tci-thaijo.
org/index.
php/HRPS/article/view/164170.
AA289AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
A c U sU O a i s i U o o e s y o sE i N a A .
A o s s iA Ai y s i sO ai u se o s U O seaai y s ai su oaA A sU i soo a s U iA.
AsUA AU o s s i U se o s U ca o s o a ci si aAUAA A o o se o cE acU s i so A .
A o NE NE a a y s o A aA A i s i o sU O A .
A u a sea a i U s e s ua Uo s A A o U U a i E ea y a u a i sU i ci sO u i sO a U a i s i A UANEA A aa s uaUn s i sA oA s a ai so s si sO u i si s i A eA sO aU ai A.
Aca ae i NE o A UAa N e a ua i E si i U so O E aiA AsU a i U o aA.
Asoia y Ua si U sOiA :AO au A Ao s o i N a u Eu i sU i U s sU aC A UAeU oo cU sU iA AEu Na oa Eu uu i Ni cU i yosEiA .
A e E NaA Au a n a U a i s e i s a i a a y cU A a seU oU i u a sU ua E aA.
AcU sy s U i cOU A iAa E i a O eA UAE e n sO aU ai s i a iA A i sA s o i U E o a N a y o i so n s U au A UAEA AsoU eU i U o sU o O A UAE U E n sU e A .
A e s O sU a i A UAU s e A A A s a sO a U i s i u u se a s sU o ay A.
As o E s i e U sea ui a e NE sO aU a iA As i a c s U U o i A .
A a o c U s o U i a i i A .
AU e s U u a y A UA u c a E A A)A (Bassam TibiAEu si n a saiA UAc ai i a iA al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA290AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA Aso O a a U oo E eO N s e s o U s a e s U e i U NEA AUe a sa a sA 13.
A Eu cU sUa U EeUoa siA UAa A A o s i s a i s i sA A iA c NE e s U i s i N a i i N iA A O a u A .
A E u s e a u u s A u E u s i y u E u o N E o i a oi oi AUAA AsU i s E u U sO u a i s a i s i sU i sua i s o a aA Acaoai suoaei soaUi cUUs U sOuai saiA .
AO oA UAeOu s soac A AUa Eu si E aiA .
Ac oA UAeO o coe Eu C saA 14.
AyuA
AUe si EAUa U EAiAa Na a EsUe o s sOaUai siA
AA15AA
AsO aU ai sU aiA.
A a e NU u s oo y N a E i sO aU ai so i s i sAA Auan uai soon NUs ooy )A (BPUPKIAsi sUsi ooyA ANa )A (PPKIai Ei y aai u siA .
Asoas en sUUiA Aso i N aO E s n sO aE o a Eu e N a i O c a o a u E a A A i o s E scai sU o U ai a c sU iA UA a i o sU e iA AN a s A A iA c o E s i sU oo i N s E e n N a s a i i N i A .
As sA Asea iin sOaUi si sA yua u caa auA 16AO Oi Eu aaiA A u s i oo cU s oo s aA.
A cU s oo y s o O I s i s i s c s y s UauA A a a i Na )A U(MasyumiAs A EUAa UeA AA13 Bassam Tibi.
Islamism and Islam (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2.
, 1.
AA14 Minako Sakai and Amelia Fauzia.
AuIslamic Orientations in ContemporaryAA AAIndonesia: Islamism on the Rise?,Ay Asian Ethnicity 15, no.
: 41Ae61,AA AAhttps://doi.
org/10.
1080/14631369.
AA15 Zuly Qodir.
Jubba, and Mega Hidayati.
AuIslamism and ContemporaryAA AAyAIndonesian Islamic Politics.
AA16 Abdul Karim Halim.
Sudarnoto, and Abdul Hakim.
Dari MuhammadiyahAA AAuntuk Indonesia: Pemikiran dan Kiprah Ki Bagus Hadikusumo.
Mr.
Kasman SingodimedjoAA AAdan K.
Abdul Kahar Mudzakkir (Jakarta: Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, 2.
, 81.
AA291AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
AOai Ni u sUiA UAA UPersisAsaA UAUi sUcA .
A suaA UAuauA Au a I s A s a y N a i i N i U E n sU e A .
A s a i a A AsU i e uaA .
Aa si si si )A (NIIAEUA AU A uAeo a 17Aoa ai saoay sU sOiA UAEAa U aA AA MasyumiA Ua AA yi sosu Ue soiaaiA .
Au iA UAuau s oA
AEAUa Oa a s O suuc sUOai sOuai yo C oE siA
AA18AA
AuucUsA .
AO o Ni sOui sUaeOi Na y Oa aA.
A U s A UAcU O so O e sO u i s i sU sUO aiA A sO aU ai s sa s i N aA .
A s a i N i sU s saA As i O E o a sU oi i so n NE sU O a i s i sU oU e u a so iA AsUo )A .
Aa AiAAi sUa )A (PKBAsUoei NE sOaUai sooiAi UAAi sUaA A)A U(NUAa sai sEi )A (PANAsUoa NE sOaUai sOsui )sUi(A UAe NA Aa sUsi sU )A (PKSAsUoa NE sOaUai sUace oai )Nsu sUi(A ANAA .
AcU oA a EAUa Ni sOaUai si ac sOci si sAsA
Asi sUoEei u A UFPIAA 19UHTIAaUi Ea soA UAa sUaA
AA20AA
AsA .
Acaaei NE A PKSAuau E E UO sociA.
Auau A A FPIAA HTIAcU oA Oa a Ui ee Ua O sOuiA Asuoes i soUec is EEoA UAai U caea )A(SBYAA AARiyadi Suryana.
AuPolitik Hijrah Kartosuwiryo.
Menuju Negara IslamAA AAIndonesia,Ay Journal of Islamic Civilization 1, no.
: 83Ae95,AA AAhttps://doi.
org/10.
33086/jic.
AA18 Martin van Bruinessen.
AuGenealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post-SuhartoAA
AAyAIndonesia,AA AASouthAA
AAEastAA
AAResearchAA
AA10,AA
AAno.
AA2AA
AA.
:AA
AA117Ae54,AA AAhttps://doi.
org/10.
5367/000000002101297035.
AA19 Assyaukanie.
AuReligion as a Political Tool Secular and Islamist Roles inAA AAyAIndonesian Elections.
AA20 Hasbi Aswar.
AuDestructing the Islamist in Indonesia: Joko Widodo PolicyAA and its Controversy,Ay International Journal of Malay-Nusantara Studies 1, no.
:AA
AA62Ae79, https://journal.
id/index.
php/IJoM-NS/article/view/4234.
AA17AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA292AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA As un U sOuai iaA 21.
ANs uan A FPIA Uai Ue siA Aui sA uan sEi o snA 22UAeUU A HTIAuas a U Uo sUA A s si sU I si s i s o a U a i sU su ec I si sU e i ca o s ea aA As i u ea au soacO s E a s A UA sO a U a i sU U a u s c aA Aua )A .
(GBKAcc sO U oA UaUea a Uo aUai A HTIai yA AsO aoii U soa sEi si a sUaA 23.
A y oei ae oA Au a a e au s E i s i A UA n sU O i soo sO sU A UA sA u a n N s aA AsU U i s u u i O i sU O a si A.
Ae sUi ci Oa A SBYAA FPIAi sU ai U Uo soiiA .
AnA AUi "sU" si A A au sUs scai sA U E yu A AsUaui i soauA UAe Eu A SBYA Eun sUay suai sUii sA UaA AEUAa A FPIAsOaUai sUaui sEi Uo EAiAa o U Ua NcaiA .
Acaaei NEA AoA UA ai sUe sOaUai si sUiA UAcau A SBYAEa NE E uau aA AsO Eeo Ua ci sUa E a O ai A FPIAaca sOaUai sUoeA A s a i sE sUe s i e o C U a u U e U sU e a i u i s i A.
A oon sci A SBYA si sOaUai sUaeOi sUa csi a saiA.
AA SBYA e ui si EacO a s o soaUi sai E A AcA .
AU e sUuayA UAUa E sOa syosE Ua a UAi cE " A-AA AA21 Zuly Qodir and Bilveer Sight.
AuContestation of Contemporary Islam:AA AAConservative Islam Versus Progressive Islam,Ay Esensia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu UshuluddinAA AA23, no.
: 148Ae65, https://doi.
org/10.
14421/esensia.
AA22 Gustri Eni Putri.
AuKebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Front Pembela IslamAA AA(FPI) Pascaperistiwa 212 Tahun 2016-2021,Ay Politea: Jurnal Pemikiran Politik Islam 5, no.
AA1 .
: 141Ae56, https://doi.
org/10.
21043/politea.
AA23 Aswar.
AuDestructing the Islamist in Indonesia: Joko Widodo Policy and itsAA AAyAControversy.
AA293AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
Aa"A UA U ssa s si so sUaa u A PDIPAE A 24.
GolkarAOA
AoA UA N Oa A SBYAyu EAUa soa sUUi sUaeOi sUUi sUii sAu UA
AA25AA
AEAiAa suu UeUa uan sUUi suu aaUa o snA.
A O U i a oi i O a u a sO aU ai s iA .
A u A UAs A AU o sOi uU A UAau auaA UAU Na a A UPDIPa A s O a U E a a A .
A Eu a a U N a o A As E A UAsu o a u e U E U U A -AE i a O e N aA As a a O sU sc ci sO aU ai A .
A o u cUi E ca u E U a a cA
AsUi Uo UaiA UAa o c ssUA UPDIP UAs i eoe EiA
AA26AA
AU E E i s a i s E i A.
A i so y A UAeOu sO u i s iA UA eU aA UA U a o a O a eA As i u O a a soi a U a c u a oe c a E NE i c si o U i A .
A uA A s o e a i s o i s a i s a s o a c i s O u i u a i s i A .
Au a nA As i c so a u i a i U NE N a i i N i A UA O s au E iA Aoe Nae Euu UUa sUe Ue s cEuay oUeA .
A sOae EuuA AUoUs yu eEa AiAa EcUaUs ai uoaeiA UAo Nu u Oa Ua UaA AeoUa oaa sai cUo soaUi sai sO sA uau U sa eoaA A NEa syosEi si sA sUaoi saA.
Aeay susi ci si sOuiA AA24 Mietzner and Muhtadi.
AuExplaining the 2016 Islamist Mobilisation inAA AAIndonesia: Religious Intolerance.
Militant Groups and the Politics ofAA AAyAAccommodation.
AA25 Mietzner and Muhtadi.
AA26 Thomas P.
Power.
AuJokowiAos Authoritarian Turn and IndonesiaAos DemocraticAA AADecline,Ay Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 54, no.
: 307Ae38,AA AAhttps://doi.
org/10.
1080/00074918.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA294AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA AEN i s a i N a si ci si i s a sA c Ei O sO iA Asoaci Oau aua Ua a .
Aua aun s so Ua aoii A AsU o O a oe a sO ae A UA s u a n sO a U a i s i so i s a iA AsUa siA .
Auau o cea cau a eaa )A (AhokAs uau o snA A a y i s o e a A a i s o A u s o U n U a u u e e a a A a sU i U A AsU o s E a A .
A sO ay Eu e u a sU s a i N a e s A ANua e a A a a U i s a eiA.
Aao U Eai sO caosi sUoUoi co s uaoi soyA AsUaeI )A - 27.
onservative turnA ay soE e soe sOaUi siA-AA AsUoe )A .
slamist-FundamentalistA aUi oi )A 28.
rogressifA ssOA A a U s o s a s E a A UA E i s O a U a i sU a e O i U sU a e i y a A AsoEuc U sUoO sA .
Ae Eu ea n aa )A U(FPIAoa a )sOuiA AsEi eaO U sioA U(GNPF/Aau )A U(FPIAe aao )A U(FPIAsUEaiA A)A HTIAacoUa(A UAou soi )A 29(MUIAou sOac oUeUi ui aoeA AsU O a si sO u i E o A.
As o n sO aU ai sU aeO i Eu EeU as a oU a O u i u c eaA Aeai sOui sA aaeUa a sUa sEa si O sUae A AE E i s U e U s au A .
As s s ea eOA iA o U u sU E aa Eu sO u i aA Asi ai EUs i )sUoO s(A 30AUau A .
A y soayA AA27 Assyaukanie.
AuReligion as a Political Tool Secular and Islamist Roles inAA AAyAIndonesian Elections.
AA28 Van Martin Bruinessen.
AuWhat Happened to the Smiling Face of IndonesianAA AAyAIslam? Muslim Intellectualism and the Conservative Turn in Post-Suharto Indonesia,AA AARSIS Working Paper, no.
: 1Ae45.
AA29 Zuly Qodir.
Jubba, and Mega Hidayati.
AuIslamism and ContemporaryAA AAyAIndonesian Islamic Politics.
AAyA30 Power.
AuJokowiAos Authoritarian Turn and IndonesiaAos Democratic Decline.
AA295AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
ANoaI soi si sUaU siA 31Asois sOA UAai sOaUai siA A a u i u s i soo a sO u iA .
Aca o s aU so s s o aU e s soEucA AU aUai sUoOA UAai EUo s sous ui A AsA son EaenA Ac E o co i s s s A.
Ae Eu so y sU aeI sA u E c a u au U U a N y e y U A As s E O E s i i a sU a i s s i soU i s o su iA A)A (SIPILISA y soy NE sUay saA .
AsAu an sUUi sUaeOi caaiA A y U s E se U a i i A .
AU s a Eu s s s O c a o oA Aa s e s sa s i O i E E A iA s i A .
A N A
Aac s e aUi A FPIAsA uan EEoa sUae y E sUay acA
AA32AA
AsU I c i A UAu a n sA u NE U e a s a i sU i u O a si U a A.
AEai soacai AA uii sUai si Ea ei csc caoA Au A .
ANs uau A PrabowoAUUa e A PKSAA FPIAA UHTIAeOu AJokowiAA Ay Eu u NE s su i O U i A iAA i sU a A UA a O s o s i U U c E i aUaA AsUA .
A soacai AA N s U aU sos soaU cE iei aA AA UPKSAsa U csA UA A .
#2019gantipresidenAuan A FPIAA HTIAuaA AsUOoau suu ai Uea Ui soe A .
As Ua U csc sA Auau o sn ae u soacai sUaiA .
A A HTIAii i iA A si u e A iAa i E i sU e i O a sA o a O O iA Aa so sUaUiA .
AcU y EUay soacai a UAyu soy Nu a ssi ciA AsOaUai si s sUUoy )A (ModerateA sOai cu Euu ai aA AA31 Anjarwati.
AuThe Emergence of Religious Nationalism: Facing the ChallengesAA AAyAof Pluralism in Indonesia.
AA32 Reni Rentika Waty.
AuThe Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) as an OppositionAA AAForce in The Joko WidodoAos Era in 2014-2020,Ay International Journal of Islamic KhazanahAA AA11, no.
: 118Ae33, https://doi.
org/10.
15575/ijik.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA296AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA AUi AiAAi sUa sy oeA .
AU sa sAa csc oUa NE a sA A u i u A UAs o i sO aU ai s i a i sO u i y se o U A As a sA o e a i U i A.
A s i a i sU U a i sU a e O i A UA u c O s y A AsOaUai O aA .
AEen A HTIAA FPIAaUoi Ei a a cOs A AcEu sUOai sOaci )A Perppu 2/2017AcEu sUOai sUoUi( A AHTIAA AsU sUoo A /AUa a UA A M.
HH / 14.
HH05.
05AUaA AA A A AUa AA A AUa AA A KB / 3 / XIIAUaA a A AUa AA cEu O sEi caos s sai NAia AEEi A .
FPIAs sU U sa E NE A HTIAA FPIAsoau Ueoa Us caUs A Asoo a si a oi i u iA UAe o a c u U a c E o i u i y E O iA AUo aaii i si )caoa(A 33.
AcUeae E sUu Eu o sUA AuEse oO EO sOaUai sA Uo Uai uiA 34UAu sUUoi soi acaA As a E sO aU ai s sUo ei a Eeu a c auiA.
A Eu E i sO u i o sU A UA a n O sA i s a i s Uo e aiA A si i s i U a i s i c u s i sO aU ai sU aeO iA .
AC u u A AOoi eoC oU U sOui y E uoi soae sA UAu EAUaA Au a U aE e sU o O s u a s sO aU ai s iA .
A si i s i sUU o iA AE eaa A a NE ss c ea a O sA s s i sU oi i ci s ui A .
AE a ca eiA AUoc ssU sa soiA UAe A EUAa Euu eaUa O si sUai sAA As a e u E i s a i s E iA .
A U o Noay sU E aa y E E aA AsO aU ai s i U co a s i s i s a a a U sO yA AAyA33 Power.
AuJokowiAos Authoritarian Turn and IndonesiaAos Democratic Decline.
AAyA34 Usman Hamid and Liam Gammon.
AuJokowi Forges a Tool of Repression,AA AANew Mandala.
July 13, 2017, https://w.
org/jokowi-forges-toolarepression/.
AA297AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
AU s U E O A .
A O o A UAe Eu s U ai e n sO y U U s a ei A AsUa sA 35AcU o EUAa sUUi si seua soaaiA AA eA ai U a aA.
AU u si n N a sO aU ai s i sO u i s i su s iA AUai cUAa seUA .
Ac cau y )A (Cherian GeorgeA uoaAeAa " AHate spin : theAA AA "manufacture of religious offense and its threat to democracyANE s sUe caUoeaA AUai usiA UAsA Ucea U EAiAa " Naai o NaIa UUsA UAaoA Au a o s i a i oa i sU U i sU I O sU " A .
AU U u E a aA Asusi sUaA UAUa say sau Us UUa si susi A .
ANAiA oUeuA AaU sa yacai ai aui aUiA 36.
ANs son sOaUai si iA AsO u i sUU a i u U aiA UAs o u e sO aU ai s i sU E c eA A a U a c u u c y O c a o a ) s i s i ( u U a A AsO aU ai s i sA a e i oE e iA .
Ae n s so s e e a i ci sU I A A sUU a i a i ao sU s a s U u s a iA UAu aoA
AA37AA
AsU c e A u oo u sE o i A.
A u aa o A UA o u oa sU U oi sU u oi E a o i a c o iA As as UaiA .
Ae E a )A (NandyAs so U E "sosA AUaa A 38"Secular Use of Religion/Asos s as Uai aaiA A a A a A -A o o ss i s se i s i caoO a oU eUi su s iA.
Ao a y cEu E a a su s i i s oo E a a ca s s a n O sU a A s i a cA AA35 Aswar.
AuDestructing the Islamist in Indonesia: Joko Widodo Policy and itsAA AAyAControversy.
AA36 Cherian George.
Hate Spin: The Manufacture of Religious Offense and its ThreatAA AAto Democracy (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2.
, 5.
AA37 Aswar.
AuDestructing the Islamist in Indonesia: Joko Widodo Policy and itsAA AAyAControversy.
AA38 Ashis Nandy.
The Return of the Sacred: The Language of Religion and the Fear ofAA AADemocracy in a Post-Secular World (Lalitpur: Social Science Baha, 2.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA298AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA As i A .
Aso ac s o N a u a ss i uc o a u s A Ao sUou E sUou eaA UAc o EAUa sau sUau s A AA39AA AU i s ca si s iA.
Aooe oi Nai Na cU Ns sos O syosEi eoA AsaiA AEuai s u a A HTIAA FPIA aoiiA .
A suuc sa EuA A s U E e s i U a i U s i s o i a o a i s U E c e a s e A UAu a o o c U A E A a Eu s o s A Aa U i a i e sO u i A .
A u i i a a sO a U oi A .
A OA
AoA UA s sea aoay a ui uu EaUa O uA sUUoiA AE A .
A s O u i A u a s a s O a e s a iA Aui sOui Ue Eeaa O A HTIA EUA UAN uOi ioo NE sUaoiA Asoaci Ui soi sEiA .
AuaUa UAUo EEo oUai O eaO caoa oA Ai Na Ua AuAA .
AuaUuaA UAE o ea sUai soaUi AiA sA AU e si si EA 40.
AEa A A UFPIAeOu sOui Ei sOaUiA A s o u n so a u y so a cE e U a y u so U sU s A UA N a e s o s s AUAA A c a i s U e A UA s y c a O a s U a A UA s a o a a a i s E a i s o a i A .
Ac a a e i N EA
AoAa UAUoo Eu sa soO e i A FPIA seea U Esea Eea acA
AA41AA
AaiA .
ac NE o A sU EUAaUa EUay NaciA.
AA39 Assyaukanie.
AuReligion as a Political Tool Secular and Islamist Roles inAA AAyAIndonesian Elections.
AA40 Kristian Erdianto.
AuIni Alasan Pemerintah Bubarkan Hizbut TahrirAA AAyAIndonesia,AA AAKompas.
Com,AA AAMayAA
AA8,AA
AA2017,AA
AAhttps://nasional.
com/read/2017/05/08/14382891/ini.
buAA AAbarkan.
indonesia?page=all.
AA41 Fitria Chusna Farisa and Dani Prabowo.
Au6 Alasan Pemerintah BubarkanAA AAdanAA AALarangAA AAKegiatanAA AAyAFPI,AA AAKompas.
Com,AA AADecemberAA
AA30,AA
AA2020,AA
AAhttps://nasional.
com/read/2020/12/30/14545951/6-alasan-pemerintahabubarkan-dan-larang-kegiatan-fpi.
AA299AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
A cU s o eai s a i o soO s eaa sA E i NE s aA Asos U oai c a so s ei seaO siA .
Aa c A UHTIAuaA A sOui souaU A AUa a UAcaU U sUoeasi Eu sOaA AoUa NUa O eaO caoaA UAai ea oUn i sUei s oeaA .
AaUoA AAiHTIAUs NUa yu Eu UO E si si sA Uo U sOaA AsO U ea O c a o a A UA u N a sU e i U o c ca i s E i sO aA AsyosEA .
AoA UAuau c A HTIAeUUa cu U cEeaa Ni oaU aoiA AA iA e s i U sU s E A.
Aoac ss eOu c A FPIAcaU U sOi sA u U soauai soai sAA Asuea soO EUAaIA .
A a UAa c A FPIAcea Ea EUay UeA AoUeA UAAiA sOa sUaA UAcaaei NE soauai ai suea Ees A FPIAuA AsU a u i s a i i O s E a i s o s sU e U e O a si A .
Aca a e i NEA AoA UAeOu EEi sUOi sA sUaoi e soaU sUaoi n siA AsoaUi uan EAUa sUs sUi sA eUn NE caA .
AUa AA UAuau c AFPIAA AeEUa cu Eu caeUay sUi soauai soai sA AiA soos soaUA AsA UAua U au sUOai soaUi A AUa a.
ANu ai sUOoi oa U sUai aoiiA UA a o s sA AseUo sOuiA .
ANu sOO soaU U sa sA oUa O "caoa" yu acoiA Ai Oa s uu Euu Ua soUa O sUOcai sA EeuaUs aUoA A oa A i O E i s i A .
Ao a Eu o se i No ac E E a a y s o aA AoUa O "caoa" sesiA .
AO oA UAe Eu sUOcai sA A A AEUay Ue uo EucUs E s U sOaUai s sA aU aAeAiA.
A U a A A UAU s a sU sO a U a i sA sy o so A aa s iA al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA300AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA A ua e si E su s i sU o O A UAe O A iAa O e U a a s n o cE eU ayA A ea e A iA E s i E sO u i A.
Aso E i s u u Eo i s a i s s i s a so s si sO u iA A N u ai o soo aU sUU a iA .
AU s a Eu N s so a u s c s O A AsUOai sUoUi e Ua UaOi sosi siA UAN Eu Een s soauA Ao a E o o U s o sc cU sO aU ai eo C A .
A a aa i o n U a y O OA AsO aU ai sA s ai E s eU ay sA A ca oo s s o aU A UAeOu A As a i U i U E Nua e sO s o aU s e so si s o aU i A.
AoA UAa Eu s soau yu Ee NoaciA UAN Eu ao ai aci Euu Ua saA AN s si U a i a O sUO ai sA A iA s oo s s i A au Eu u u s a iA AeU ai a c soo aUiA.
AEUEn sOaUai si sUUoi As aoii U O sOaUai siA.
AUo Ui AiAAi sUa Eu EEi A HTIAuaci ai U a y Oa sOuiA AcU soau )A .
(PerppuA Ui sUi Eu a uae eu si sUaiAUAA Au U oa Eu uu oaA 42.
A sn iA UA sUoO As aoii eaA AoU n y sO aU i s iA .
Ao a y seU cEu s so s u au c ea s U s oo a A AsU u Eo aa soacai au siA .
A seU Eu sO C u ea Aai Ei c eaa aA aiA 43UAoay seU cEu s oU O soECA AA42 Sulhani Hermawan and Sidik.
AuNegara.
Politik Identitas, dan Makar:AA AAPandangan Organisasi Massa Islam tentang Makar dan Upaya Pencegahannya AAMelalui PERPPU Ormas,Ay Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu SyariAoah dan Hukum 6, no.
:AA
AA15Ae33, https://doi.
org/10.
22515/alahkam.
AA43 Aswar.
AuDestructing the Islamist in Indonesia: Joko Widodo Policy and itsAA AAyAControversy.
AA301AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
Au U uiae sOui yu Eu uen Eu A HTIAyu AiAUsA 44UAsOaUai sA sAn NEA
AA45AA
AsOui sUaAi o Uo sai UUa Us suoaiA.
Aa A .
A si i O si u e O s y o sE iA A O s O a U a i s i A UA o a c E e U a y u N E a O s o O s A Aa sai sUoe aUai sUUai sA ia cuc ) AJulesAA AA .
(BoykoffAcu A UAou sosi si i sosi Ui A AsOaUai si cEoi oc sUs )A (Resource DepletionA y soaA As a i A UA n E a a O i U i s a i A UA N u a e s O u a iA AA46AA As s i y o o s sU a i A .
A so a A.
A s s U s o U sU U a i U s E s o a U c E u u i u O A A a s oe s A .
A oi sO u i I ai s i s u u e A -A a i E si Ni aA Aso a u s A -Ao o n E sc o i c e sU A UA a o O sUU a i s y o sE iA AsUi oUaA .
AI si sA ENa sU u sU sauA AiaI soae NE so sUo Iai syosEiA 47.
AsU sUos uiA A o s a s i U e a U a i E sU o O ) u s o s ca c ( u E seA A O s U i O soU ec s a U sUU a i so o o caoEu sU ea O s y o sE iA.
As sUon Eu sououai sosai sUEeoi U sOaUai si aoA AoUa ei E sUUai sOaUai si E soi saUeA .
A ciA AsU s sA e o n sU ay E a u i u o ao sU U ac s y o sE i i soU ecA AA44 Gregory Fealy.
AuJokowiAos Bungled Ban of Hizbut Tahrir,Ay The Interpreter.
JulyAA AA17, 2017, https://w.
org/the-interpreter/jokowi-s-bungled-banahizbut-tahrir.
AA45 Aswar.
AuDestructing the Islamist in Indonesia: Joko Widodo Policy and itsAA AAyAControversy.
AA46 Julis Boykof.
AuLimiting Dissent: The Mechanisms of State Repression in theAA
AAyAUSA,AA AASocialAA
AAMovementAA
AAStudiesAA
AA6,AA
AAno.
AA3AA
AA.
:AA
AA281Ae310,AA AAhttps://doi.
org/10.
1080/14742830701666988.
AAyA47 Power.
AuJokowiAos Authoritarian Turn and IndonesiaAos Democratic Decline.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA302AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA A so s e o a i sU o O sU a soa ci s sU so a i s i sUU acA As s i o s a A.
A y U a a i a c y o sE i O a u A UAy u Eu U A A o a ai ss i sA o s A iAa sU oo e A .
A U o Eu u U c C o A AsU ay U a i oU ec U E U a A iAa s a i A .
Ay u U c NE sO u O aA Aun soesUs Us )A .
ew otoritarianismAcU sOa sO )A .
(OrbaANs soiA A ai sO a s a soE NE e sU i c u U a iA UAeOA iAa oU s y o sE iA AA48AA As i E oo O s y o sE i NE so e s e E a A A.
AsO u i u au i N a ea Eu u Eu u U aO i so OA AsoUA UA uau sii sUEceA .
Auaa Eu uu a Ea aa uacsA UAA Ai s n a i sU aU sUe Ui i s i A .
A o u E O i a c i A ANa ia Ua sa sOn Eu a si i sn Ua sosA AcaeaO sUoo U seA UAu sOai NE eosu oa si sUi suoaeiA 49.
AcaeiA ANE AHTIAA UFPIAuoa sa sOn usEi soUec yi U Eeuaoa A AA sU a A .
A u s a a u a so a u E e a sU e a O s a i y o sE i s AA A s U a N E s U a s U a A .
AN s u e n s c E u A s U s iA AE E A caA eu i sa Nssi eoUa oauA UAua oA AOea nA UAU A FPIA sOi sacoi o a Ua ueon NsoA .
AA UA aA A O A UAe Ou E o i O u aU i a c su s u ay eo C E o A Ai o a A.
Ay A .
A O sE aUi i seaa i O eo s a iA AA48 Zuly Qodir.
Jubba, and Mega Hidayati.
AuIslamism and ContemporaryAA AAyAIndonesian Islamic Politics.
AA49 Hermawan and Sidik.
AuNegara.
Politik Identitas, dan Makar: PandanganAA AAOrganisasi Massa Islam tentang Makar dan Upaya Pencegahannya Melalui PERPPUAA AAyAOrmas.
AA303AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
Au a y sU o ay s sU e o a i N a e sO a U a i sU U a i u a A iAa coU o a aA A e o s a i A .
A e E u E a a o U n A eA s o A i e o a y E s e a A .
A o A AsUa uoac "sua sEai" o ay Ns can EaUii sUi ais EA
AsO aU i si s a sco U A UAeOu C u s c U sU O a e cE aU i s a A UA s c sA
AsU o s e aA UA u a s Ee s s oi i as so e o N s u s C u a c sA UA E nA
AA50AA
AU E u a sU y e a o a s U sO o i sO A.
AEu sU a U U sU y s o c sO aU ai sUU a iA UA s u au oA AO U s E N a aE n si aiA UAe a E o oas A -A sU a u o NEA AuuiA UAEaO sEnA UAseaaeA UAsUsyA 51.
AeaUa sois uii sooay UA A i A:Ae o y s U a s a e U i s O a c i E A iA o a u o a A UAe a y c a e e c a A A A UAe ca A UAe Ou U s N E E U u u o A UA oE A A E e o A UA o E O sc U sU i A .
A E a s O i i s U a u i a s o E u e o U c a o eA
AA52AA
A sU e A.
A ca aei NE o A UA sUa E N s u a s s u a oE i caU sE iA AsA A UAe a U sO u i Eu E E a a s u e a cE u a sco U s u A AU sA .
A a i u i Eu U O a cai a A UAu O so s uA AEu oa o NE soo E E sUocai sA 53.
As c NE Eu sOaUai u aA Aso s y u sU oea a a a E sea A UA A i a i oE a sO sA Asoe EU cu o e sa E Ns UuA.
AA50 Ab al-asan Al-MAward.
Al-AukAm al-SulAniyyah (Cairo: DAr al-adth,AA AA1.
, 100.
AA51 Muhammad Amin Ibn Abidin.
Ashiya Radd al-MuutAr, aly al-Durr alaMukhtAr: Sharu Tanwr al-AbAr, 2nd ed.
(Egypt: Sharakah Maktabah wa MabaatAA AAMuafy al-Babi al-alabi wa Awladih, 1.
, 267.
AAoA52 Muuammad bin Muuammad al-MukhtAr al-Shanq.
Sharu ZAd al-MustaqniAA AA(Cairo: Durs awtiyyah qAmA bi tafrghihA MawqiAo al-Shabakah al-IslAmiyyah, n.
),AA
AA8.
AA53 Al-MAward.
Al-AukAm al-SulAniyyah.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA304AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA AO oA UA o e sOaUai sA ai O aoii oaUUa U EAiAa A AE sea A UA u e sea oE a se U e U ac A A .
A c o o n sea seA A A u a a sU sa u oac seau a s a s a eU A UA aA :AsU y e A iA As a A UA Eu u u sU a u s U i u oa u u i NE U u A UA E aUa A UA U A Aen U Eua E seaA 54.
A sUaiA UAo eoC oai sOai O Ea iA A ac A.
ANs sEUa EeUay sOaUai si ae U EAiAa ca I oUaA ANE Een cU sosU sioiA UAiuu Uo Us ssUOA 55.
AeeU sosU uA A"sA sy" " sUia o U a sUaA" yu Us ca sUo sOui A A i aA .
A u si o e U sU o a i s u so aU e " N s U a n i auA A U EU O a ca u aa E i a"A .
AN s u an i so O sE ai s I i aA AEUs U se ai Aia UAeOu soaUe ao sOiaI U se caUoea sAA As U O ) soi i ( A UA s i i N s i i so O A .
A so aU e si o i I u U A A aa sU si sU iA UA O NU E a s i i sU a i s u A .
A y u Nu a EuA Ao oi ai ses E sOaUai uu Ua EaUa E sOiaI UA AsO a s o aU i au s c u E O A.
A so aU e s sA a eo a s so A i " c s a U s U iA A A caU i " A .
A so aU e N sU si o s a i s U i sA o oA EuA Au u a ai so aU a U e aU i U o n sU i sU a iA .
AI u so aU e U A AA54 Ab al-usayn Al-AoUmrAn.
Al-BayAn f Madhhab al-ImAm al-ShAfiAo.
Ed.
QAsimAA AAMuuammad al-Nr (Jeddah: DAr al-MinhAj, 2.
, 29.
AA55 Abdul Jalil and Muhammad Taufiq.
AuAl-AAr al-Mutarattibah alA PERPPUAA AA(LawAiu Al-ukmiyyah Al-Badaliyya.
Min Al-MunazzamAt Al-MujtamAiyyahAA AARaqm 2 Li Am 2017 Lidda Wujd izb Al-Tahrr IndnsiyA Min Maner Sadd AlaDharAAoiAo,Ay Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 14, no.
: 146Ae77,AA AAhttps://doi.
org/http://dx.
org/10.
19105/al-ihkam.
AA305AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA AAWaskito Wibowo, et al.
AA56AA
AEoi sa soae ssAiA caU U sOui sUy O NUEa si i sUaiA.
A U a s O e E s eaa sA s o o a sO u i e s a s sO aU aiA AsiA UAo Eu ao EeaUca i i a s ssA UANoa U A A ai O si E seO a i E E eaa E i iA.
Acaoa e Eu sOa syosE e ai Eu i c Euu UsAUAA Ao uu Ues Ooi sau caUoeaa N Is sUiA .
A sUoacAa UAO sioA Asa iUa Euu si a sEsc sUUai sA oea Eai As oUaiA.
A O UoaUA UAe Eu sai sUi Iu U sEaUi sUEoi a E sOuiA.
AU e U o A UA e s o s U s i o i U a a i o c U E e U a y s O u i A UA s s nA Asaai e so E e sU sUiA 57.
AU sO aUs sUe soU OuiA A u A UAe sUi a i Eu cU sO aU ai s i sA u an s a I i coE enA As u a s i U U i sO a s s A .
A caU u A UAe Ou s s siA AsoUi sA ao ca soos o sUi sUoe Oa aio E uiA AsO ai E s y o sE iA .
A s s u e U a E en s y o sE i A AN a A.
AsUiA Aue ssi Euc ic Ia sOi si i ac A Asioa cU Nai AA NE ai Euu si U u A UAoA Asaon ssi si eay susi ci si sOaA UAca ssO OA A O cU sU O a i u a so s e i s e aO s i A .
A a Eu A AA56 JalAl al-Dn Abd al-RaumAn Al-Suy.
Al-AshbAh wa al-NaeAir f QawAidAA AAwa-Fur Fiqh al-ShAfiyah (Cairo: DAr al-Kutub al-Ilmyah, 1.
, 121.
AA57 Waskito Wibowo.
AuThe Development of Fatwa on House of Worship inAA AAHanafi School : Study on Changes.
Dynamics, and JustificationsAy (Universitas IslamAA AAInternasional Indonesia, 2.
, 65Ae66, https://hdl.
net/20.
14576/302.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA
AA306AA
AAMin al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:AA AAFiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoiAA Asaai cci ia yai caoa sOa sUaA UAN EAiAa ssO Eci NE sOA AsOaiA UAsooaUi Een soauA UAUn Ei suoi ci si sUoOA .
AAeAs eOu Euc cA AsOaUai si C oo U siA UAc sUu Uea U ooeA AsyosEi NaA UAN Ua Euu ai Ea Uai soes sUocOA UAa AO UaA AUa Ea ca Oa yosE Uay U uo O ucai siA .
AsAua sO ocuA A Euc sUi ci si syosEi Na yu ea En suaUai sOaceAUAA Ac caUoeaa Ui as oe u syosEi sAia .
AO oAUAA AeOuc s ssi A UAN so ua U sOa sacn C oUcn cUa siA A a a si a U i U sU o so a U N s o a a i O a a y E A.
Asu sooA Acu u soauA UAooc sUIiu a soo NE ui ssai siA A s U c i u a U i e s i s s i sO u i au a NE sO a U i s i s iA Asi U a coa U ec i cUi Euayi cEe En Nea sA AseoA .
ANuc s sU C a eoC sAeai siuiA UAc uau EAUa seUUa AoAa U sA Aseo sU NE c sA.
AABibliographyAA abidin.
Muhammad Amin Ibn.
Ashiya Radd Al-MuutAr, aly al-DurrAA al-MukhtAr: Sharu Tanwr Al-AbAr.
2nd ed.
Egypt: SharakahAA AAMaktabah wa Mabaat Muafy al-Babi al-alabi wa Awladih,AA AA1966.
Neil Krishan.
AuExploiting the Islamic State-Taliban RivalryAA AAfor Counterterrorism Messaging.
Ay Journal of Policing.
IntelligenceAA
AACounterAA
AATerrorismAA
AA12,AA
AAno.
AA1AA
AA.
:AA
AA1Ae15.
AAhttps://doi.
org/10.
1080/18335330.
al-AoUmrAn.
Ab al-usayn.
Al-BayAn f Madhhab al-ImAm al-ShAfiAo.
Ed.
AAQAsim Muuammad Al-Nr.
Jeddah: DAr al-MinhAj, 2000.
AA307AA
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311AA Waskito Wibowo, et al.
Al-MAward.
Ab al-asan.
Al-AukAm Al-SulAniyyah.
Cairo: DAr aladth, 1989.
Al-Shanq.
Muuammad bin Muuammad al-MukhtAr.
Sharu ZAd AlMustaqniAo.
Cairo: Durs awtiyyah qAmA bi tafrghihA MawqiAo al-Shabakah al-IslAmiyyah, n.
Al-Suy.
JalAl al-Dn Abd al-RaumAn.
Al-AshbAh wa al-NaeAir f QawAid wa-Fur Fiqh al-ShAfiyah.
Cairo: DAr al-Kutub alIlmyah, 1983.
Anjarwati.
Erna.
AuThe Emergence of Religious Nationalism: Facing the Challenges of Pluralism in Indonesia.
Ay Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies 3, no.
https://so03.
org/index.
php/HRPS/article/view/164170.
Assyaukanie.
Luthfi.
AuReligion as a Political Tool Secular and Islamist Roles in Indonesian Elections.
Ay Journal of Indonesian Islam 13, no.
: 454Ae79.
https://doi.
org/10.
15642/JIIS.
Aswar.
Hasbi.
AuDestructing the Islamist in Indonesia: Joko Widodo Policy and its Controversy.
Ay International Journal of MalayNusantara Studies .
62Ae79.
https://journal.
id/index.
php/IJoMNS/article/view/4234.
Aswar.
Hasbi, and Gustrieni Putri.
AuState Repression on the Islamic Political Opposition in Indonesia in the Period of 2017-2021.
Ay Communications in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no.
41Ae47.
https://doi.
org/10.
21924/chss.
Boykof.
Julis.
AuLimiting Dissent: The Mechanisms of State Repression in the USA.
Ay Social Movement Studies 6, no.
: 281Ae310.
https://doi.
org/10.
1080/14742830701666988.
BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
Au[New Metho.
Central Level Indonesia Democracy Index Indicators.
Ay Jakarta, https://w.
id/en/statistics-table/2/MjE2NCMy/new-method--central-level-indonesia-democracy-indexindicators.
Bruinessen.
Martin van.
AuGenealogies of Islamic Radicalism in PostSuharto Indonesia.
Ay South East Asia Research 10, no.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311 Min al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:
Fiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoi 117Ae54.
https://doi.
org/10.
5367/000000002101297035.
Bruinessen.
Van Martin.
AuWhat Happened to the Smiling Face of Indonesian Islam? Muslim Intellectualism and the Conservative Turn in Post-Suharto Indonesia.
Ay RSIS Working Paper, no.
: 1Ae45.
Eickelman.
Dale F.
, and James Piscatori.
Muslim Politics.
New York:
Thomson, 1996.
Erdianto.
Kristian.
AuIni Alasan Pemerintah Bubarkan Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia.
Ay Kompas.
Com.
May https://nasional.
com/read/2017/05/08/14382891/ini.
indonesia?page=all.
Farisa.
Fitria Chusna, and Dani Prabowo.
Au6 Alasan Pemerintah Bubarkan dan Larang Kegiatan FPI.
Ay Kompas.
Com.
December 30, https://nasional.
com/read/2020/12/30/14545951/6alasan-pemerintah-bubarkan-dan-larang-kegiatan-fpi.
Fauzi.
Ihsan Ali.
AuMobocracy? Counting the Cost of the Rallies to AoDefend Islam.
AoAy Indonesia at Melbourne.
December 9, 2016.
https://indonesiaatmelbourne.
au/mobocracycounting-the-cost-of-the-rallies-to-defend-islam/.
Fealy.
Gregory.
AuJokowiAos Bungled Ban of Hizbut Tahrir.
Ay The Interpreter.
July 17, 2017.
https://w.
org/theinterpreter/jokowi-s-bungled-ban-hizbut-tahrir.
George.
Cherian.
Hate Spin: The Manufacture of Religious Offense and its Threat to Democracy.
Cambridge: MIT Press, 2016.
Halim.
Abdul Karim.
Sudarnoto, and Abdul Hakim.
Dari Muhammadiyah untuk Indonesia: Pemikiran dan Kiprah Ki Bagus Hadikusumo.
Mr.
Kasman Singodimedjo dan K.
Abdul Kahar Mudzakkir.
Jakarta: Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, 2013.
Hamid.
Usman, and Liam Gammon.
AuJokowi Forges a Tool of Repression.
Ay New Mandala.
July https://w.
org/jokowi-forges-tool-repression/.
Hefner.
Robert W.
Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia.
New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2000.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311 Waskito Wibowo, et al.
Hermawan.
Sulhani, and Sidik.
AuNegara.
Politik Identitas, dan Makar:
Pandangan Organisasi Massa Islam tentang Makar dan Upaya Pencegahannya Melalui PERPPU Ormas.
Ay Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu SyariAoah Hukum .
15Ae33.
https://doi.
org/10.
22515/alahkam.
Jalil.
Abdul, and Muhammad Taufiq.
AuAl-AAr al-Mutarattibah alA PERPPU (LawAiu al-ukmiyyah al-Badaliyya.
Min alMunazzamAt al-MujtamAiyyah Raqm 2 li Am 2017 Lidda Wujd izb al-Tahrr IndnsiyA Min Maner Sadd al-DharAAoiAo.
Ay Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial 14, no.
: 146Ae https://doi.
org/http://dx.
org/10.
19105/alihkam.
Mietzner.
Marcus, and Burhanuddin Muhtadi.
AuExplaining the 2016 Islamist Mobilisation in Indonesia: Religious Intolerance.
Militant Groups and the Politics of Accommodation.
Ay Asian Studies Review .
479Ae97.
https://doi.
org/10.
1080/10357823.
Nandy.
Ashis.
The Return of the Sacred: The Language of Religion and the Fear of Democracy in a Post-Secular World.
Lalitpur: Social Science Baha, 2007.
Power.
Thomas P.
AuJokowiAos Authoritarian Turn and IndonesiaAos Democratic Decline.
Ay Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 54, .
307Ae38.
https://doi.
org/10.
1080/00074918.
Putri.
Gustri Eni.
AuKebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Front Pembela Islam (FPI) Pascaperistiwa 212 Tahun 2016-2021.
Ay Politea: Jurnal Pemikiran Politik Islam .
141Ae56.
https://doi.
org/10.
21043/politea.
Qodir.
Zuly, and Bilveer Sight.
AuContestation of Contemporary Islam:
Conservative Islam Versus Progressive Islam.
Ay Esensia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin .
148Ae65.
https://doi.
org/10.
14421/esensia.
Riaz.
Ali.
AuTraditional Institutions as Tools of Political Islam in Bangladesh.
Ay Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2005.
https://doi.
org/10.
1177/0021909605055072.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311 Min al-all ilA al-Qawmiyyah:
Fiqh as-SiyAsah li al-QamAoi Sakai.
Minako, and Amelia Fauzia.
AuIslamic Orientations in Contemporary Indonesia: Islamism on the Rise?Ay Asian Ethnicity .
41Ae61.
https://doi.
org/10.
1080/14631369.
Suryana.
Riyadi.
AuPolitik Hijrah Kartosuwiryo.
Menuju Negara Islam Indonesia.
Ay Journal of Islamic Civilization 1, no.
: 83Ae95.
https://doi.
org/10.
33086/jic.
Tibi.
Bassam.
Islamism and Islam.
New Haven: Yale University Press.
Tomsa.
Dirk.
AuModerating Islamism in Indonesia: Tracing Patterns of Party Change in the Prosperous Justice Party.
Ay Political Research Quarterly .
486Ae98.
https://doi.
org/10.
1177/1065912911404566.
Waty.
Reni Rentika.
AuThe Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) As an Opposition Force in The Joko WidodoAos Era in 2014-2020.
Ay International Journal of Islamic Khazanah 11, no.
: 118Ae33.
https://doi.
org/10.
15575/ijik.
Wibowo.
Waskito.
AuThe Development of Fatwa on House of Worship in Hanafi School : Study on Changes.
Dynamics, and Justifications.
Ay Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2024.
https://hdl.
net/20.
14576/302.
Zuly Qodir.
Hasse Jubba, and Mega Hidayati.
AuIslamism and Contemporary Indonesian Islamic Politics.
Ay Jurnal Adabiyah 22, 1 .
: 160Ae76.
https://doi.
org/10.
24252/jad.
al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 20 .
, 2025: 284-311