1st ICASGI 2022 Community-Based Conservation Effort In Totango River Post Dam Development Amiruddin Miradj# # Department.
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AbstractAi The role of the community in maintaining biodiversity, especially in the environment or in areas such as protected forests, conservation, national parks, etc.
plays a vital role.
As with development, human activities in general will directly or indirectly disturb natural ecosystems.
And when the disturbed ecosystem is an area that has a particular role and function, the priority of protection must be reinforced.
Community involvement is not only in the maintenance function but also in monitoring and usage.
To prevent damage to biodiversity and help the government maintain protected ecosystem areas, the community is empowered through several methods.
In this study, an analysis of conservation efforts using the community-based natural resource management approach was conducted on the watersheds of the Aketajawa Lolobata National Park area.
The data was collected through bibliographic studies, observations and interviews directly in the field.
The findings indicate that locals in the surroundings of Aketajawa Lolobata National Park already have ecological knowledge and awareness.
The community aims to achieve better outcomes with this watershed resource in order to promote well-being and continue to pay attention to and expand the carrying capacity of the environment.
This shows that the natural resource management efforts were successful and that the community is capable of managing the natural resources in a participative and selfsufficient way.
KeywordsAi Put your keywords here, keywords are separated by semi colon.
the water flow to stay constant even before the river is Weirs are important for preventing flooding, monitoring river flow, and decreasing river flow to allow for easier river crossing.
INTRODUCTION
Watershed sustainability may be ensured if all management activities are undertaken in accordance with the principle of sustainability, which combines a balance between production and conservation to fulfill the following watershed management objectives .
Siltation around weirs can create issues such as disruption of irrigation canals, disruption of drinking water canals, and changes in river morphology, all of which can have a relatively broad influence on the environment surrounding the improve the stability of the water system, improve soil stability, in particular by controlling land degradation processes, increase farmers' incomes, and improve community behavior towards conservation activities that control runoff and flooding This research was carried out as a case study on river siltation caused by dam construction in Indonesia.
The watershed zone of Totango River, one of the rivers in Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park in Halmahera.
North Maluku.
Indonesia, is the topic of this research.
BirdLife International considers the park essential to the survival of 23 indigenous bird species.
While a result, the influence of development on the environment in this place is of special importance, so that the local natural resource is preserved even as development proceeds.
River siltation is the process of depositing solid sediments at the river's bottom.
This phenomena is mainly generated by the buildup of many natural elements such as dirt, sand, or mud, but it can also be caused by human actions such as waste dumping in rivers.
River siltation is one of the environmental challenges that attracts less attention, and it has an influence on the people whose life rely on the river.
II.
LITERATURE STUDY
The phenomena of river siltation can occur naturally.
For example, siltation caused by mud deposition during the rainy The majority of river siltation, however, is produced directly or indirectly by human activity.
River siltation in metropolitan settings is often caused by the buildup of garbage from human activities.
Meanwhile, significant soil erosion from illicit logging can create river siltation in rural regions .
Water Resources Management Water resource management is the process of planning, producing, distributing, and managing water resources for best usage.
Water cycle management is a subset of water resource management .
Under ideal conditions, water resource management planning takes into account all water demands and allocates water in an equitable manner that meets the needs of all water users.
In actuality, this is rarely the case.
Water is a crucial resource for all life on Earth.
Only 3% of the world's water resources are fresh water, with the other two-thirds frozen in the polar ice caps and glaciers.
One- Another factor that contributes to river siltation is the existence of obstacles in the watershed, such as weirs.
Generally, weirs serve the function of increasing the water Weirs allow water to overflow from the top, allowing 1st ICASGI 2022 fifth of one percent of the population lives in inaccessible or unsuitable areas .
or example, water flows like a flood due to heavy rain.
Humans can only consume roughly 0.
percent of total fresh water, and this demand is growing for a variety of reasons .
With the idea that integrated water resource management should be carried out in a complete, integrated, environmentally friendly, and sustainable way, the usage of integrated water resource management should take the following into consideration .
The promotion of community activities comprises a variety of advising and training initiatives for local communities that rely on natural resources in their everyday lives, so that they are aware of and participate in vegetation, land, and soil management activities.
The utilization of water resources for various purposes is interdependent in the setting of upstreamdownstream watersheds, which is the foundation of integrated water resource management.
Integrated management is a procedure that takes into account the interests of all water users at the same time.
Each use must consider the influence on other uses.
Consider social and economic factors, as well as longterm management goals.
Water resource management must assure the availability of sustainable water resources in addition to focusing on resource growth.
Since agriculture and water management are inextricably linked, soil conservation, which is the primary component of upstream watershed management, will have an impact on the state of downstream watersheds, particularly in terms of optimal use of water for various purposes and flood control.
Conservation of water resources The problem of water resource conservation cannot be solved just by focusing on water and its sources.
more should be done outside of natural resource management practices .
Drought is caused by a lack of water, which is caused by climate change and damage to catchment areas that are no longer able to store water.
flooding is caused by damage to catchment areas and uncontrolled land use patterns.
and water pollution is caused by the entry of external pollutants into the water source .
Natural resource management does not address any of these underlying problems .
As a result, other from conservation strategies, there aren't many items that may be governed as provisions in the Natural Resources Law .
Watershed Management Watershed management is the management of the last natural resources in a watershed, such as vegetation, soil and water, so that they can provide optimal and sustainable Watershed management targets are areas that naturally have the potential for environmental damage, particularly soil erosion in the upper and middle parts of the watershed, and that have a slope greater than 8% .
Current watershed management issues that are becoming a benchmark in determining the scope of watershed management include .
In principle, the conservation of natural resources has three objectives .
Watershed management is still fragmented, both in terms of planning, protection and watershed Deforestation occurs in the upstream watershed area.
Land use planning in downstream watersheds is not environmentally friendly.
Waste disposal in rivers is not controlled.
Sustainable water use is increasingly under threat.
For this reason, the scope of watershed management includes .
Flood control, including flood monitoring and forecasting, flood control and prevention, and flood Management of the river environment, including planning and control of river boundaries.
Community empowerment.
Water source: with care and maintenance to ensure that its role as both a water absorption and a water reservoir is maintained.
Physical water: conserving the presence and availability of water for the present and future by storing .
, in reservoir.
and effectively utilising Water quality is concerned with quality management and water pollution control, i.
avoiding water pollutants from entering water sources and associated infrastructure .
The phenomenon of river siltation in Indonesia Water catchment areas, including land use control, erosion control, water and soil conservation, and monitoring and evaluation.
Water resources management, including management of water quantity and quality.
Maintenance of infrastructure and irrigation facilities, including preventive, corrective and precise River siltation is a major environmental issue in Indonesia.
The annual flood calamity in Jakarta is a direct outcome of the siltation of the rivers that run through the city.
How not, 70% of Jakarta's water flow is choked with waste, preventing it from flowing correctly.
Of all, it's normal for 20 percent of Jakarta's rubbish to wind up in the city's rivers and streams.
1st ICASGI 2022 Several main rivers in Indonesia are already in severe condition outside of Jakarta owing to a huge quantity of items interfering with water movement.
The Musi River, for example, suffers mud deposition at a rate of two to three million cubic meters per year as a result of soil erosion.
This phenomena is said to be caused by deforestation upstream of the river for oil palm plantations.
The river's siltation makes it impossible for ships to traverse and generates losses for those whose livelihoods rely on the Musi River .
METHODOLOGY
This study focuses on the watershed zone of Totango River, one of the rivers in Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park in Halmahera.
North Maluku.
Indonesia.
The data was collected through bibliographic studies, observations and interviews directly in the field.
The strategy seen as an approach that prioritizes community participation in watershed management is community-based management effort, known as communitybased natural resource management (CBNRM) .
This approach began to develop since the end of the 1990s with the passage of the era of decentralization and democracy.
Here are the aspects in CBNRM .
Fig.
1 Location of The Study Equitable community-based natural management through tourist villages provides more equitable socio-economic benefits to rural Empowerment, community management of natural resources makes the community more politically and economically autonomous.
Conflict resolution, tourism-oriented natural resource management cannot be separated from conflicts, but can be properly managed through the CBNRM program that is being implemented.
Knowledge and awareness.
CBNRM unlocks new economic opportunities that do not harm the environment, but rather support environmental Existing local wisdom is combined with modern knowledge in ecology and management to manage the potential of natural resources.
Protecting biodiversity is one of the achievements of CBNRM.
Use of natural resources to encourage communities to manage the environment and protect biodiversity and their habitats.
Sustainable use, continued use and collaboration with surrounding villages to increase income .
IV.
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
Profile of Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park Aketajawe Lolobata National Park or TNAL is a conservation area located in Maluku, on the island of Halmahera to be exact.
This 167,300 hectare area features quite a diverse landscape due to the collision of two islands millions of years ago .
The diverse landscape conditions that make this national park a habitat for various types of flora and fauna.
There are many species of plants and animals that are endemic species that grow and live in this region.
With its biodiversity and animals, as well as the charm of a beautiful landscape, this national park is also an attractive tourist destination.
The reason is that various tourist activities can be done in Aketajawe Lolobata National Park.
The administrative location of Aketajawa Lolobata National Park spans two districts and one city, namely Central Halmahera Regency.
East Halmahera Regency and Tidore Islands City.
While geographically this area is located at the coordinates 01A27'34'' - 00A58'47'' Latitude South and 128A12'37'' - 129A40'49'' Longitude East.
The topographic conditions of this national park are quite diverse, ranging from flat, hilly to mountainous .
The climate of this area is influenced by monsoons and tropical marine climates with rainfall in the range of 2,000 to 2,500 mm per year.
Climate variation is influenced by the ocean and there are differences in each region.
The rainy season generally extends from October to March, then passes from April and the dry season from April to September.
1st ICASGI 2022 On the way to Halmahera Bidadari attraction, tourists can also enjoy the attraction of birds playing along the viewing path.
Resort Tayawi's attractiveness as an ecotourism destination is not only due to the wealth of abundant natural resources.
Resort Tayawi is also inhabited by the Tobelo Dalam (MTD) community who lived in the area long before the creation of the national park.
MTD at Le Resort Tayawi has a strong interaction with the region.
Their interaction is achieved by using forest products to meet their daily needs.
Additionally, they have also established gardens in the area to plant cassava, sweet potatoes and coconuts along with other crops.
MTD life can have its own value for the tourists who come.
MTD
always maintains culture and traditions as well as local wisdom to preserve nature from generation to generation.
Tourists who come to Tayawi Resort often learn and feel the atmosphere and daily activities of MTD, such as learning history, medicine, hunting methods, traditional clothing, etc.
Fig.
2 DAM in Totango River.
Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park Area As the largest island in northern Maluku.
Halmahera Island is a union of two islands that collided around one to two million years ago.
The materials that make up the landscape are limestone, alluvium and ultramafic rock formations.
The types of soil in this zone can be divided according to the block.
The soil types in Lolobata are rendolis and tropopepts while the soil types in Aketajawe are halplothox and tropopepts.
There are seven types of ecosystems in this national park, namely mangrove forest ecosystems, coastal forest ecosystems, lowland swamp forest ecosystems, river cliff ecosystems, lowland rainforest ecosystems, lowland rainforest ecosystems, tropical mountain and subalpine Community-Based Conservation Effort Equity Community-based natural resource management through ecotourism in Aketajawa Lolobata National Park provides more equitable socio-economic benefits to rural communities.
The economic benefits derived from management activities directly or indirectly benefit the village community .
These management activities will create jobs and additional income to sustain people's lives.
Empowerment Mass acknowledgement, especially the ability of villages to empower themselves and their environment, are able to attract tourists to visit.
Not only tourists who want to enjoy the natural attractions, but also those who want to know the management model carried out by the village, either through comparative studies or research.
Apart from being a means of promotion, the media coverage position is also a means of advocacy for Suka Maju village to gain support from other parties.
Also, mass media is a powerful way to influence someone to do something.
This harmonious relationship with the mass media is one of the keys to the success of CBNRM .
Conflict Resolution Until now, the conflict caused by the silting of the river due to the construction of the DAM on the Totanga River has not yet existed and the local community remains optimistic and always cooperates with one another to support this place so that it can become a tourist spot.
Knowledge and Awareness CBNRM opens up new economic opportunities that do not harm the environment, but rather support environmental conservation.
Existing local wisdom is combined with modern ecological knowledge and Eco-Tourism Activity Panorama Resort Tayawi in Aketajawe Lolobata National Park is able to attract visits from domestic and foreign tourists, the various potential resources in it contribute to the development of ecotourism as a tourist attraction offering recreational activities and educational.
Tourists can observe the flora in the use area of Tayawi Resort which is covered by a relatively pristine lowland forest ecosystem, which is an important habitat for various types of flora that make up the lowland forests.
The flora in the utilization area generally consists of the Dilleniaceae .
lowering Dipterocarpaceae .
arge tree.
Tree species include Gosale (Dillenia, s.
Bintangur (Calophylum sulatr.
Mersawa (Anisoptera costat.
Hiru (Vatica papuan.
Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyll.
Nyatoh (Palaqium s.
Walnut (Canarium vulgar.
Matoa (Pometi.
and other Besides trees, there are also other non-tree plants, such as palms and ferns.
Other plants are orchids and begonias.
Besides observing flora, tourists can enjoy the beauty of wildlife in the form of endemic birds of northern Maluku and endemic of Halmahera Island in the utilization area .
Halmahera Bidadari (Semioptera wallaci.
bird attraction, is one of the main tourist destinations.
These attractions can only be found in the morning from 06:00 to 09:00 and in the afternoon from 17:00 to 18:00.
Therefore, tourists are required to leave as early as possible so as not to miss these 1st ICASGI 2022 management to manage natural resource potential.
Through CBNRM, they realized that improving wellbeing should not sacrifice the environment.
On the other hand, the community derives economic benefits from the conservation of the environment and its natural resources .
They combine local wisdom that has been passed down from generation to generation with modern knowledge gained through interaction with other parties as well as learning from the management practices carried out.
The village community also realizes that the sustainability of the village environment is closely related to neighboring villages in an ecosystem, so they also try to build cooperation to preserve the environment .
Biodiversity Protection Biodiversity protection is one of the achievements of CBNRM in Aketajawa Lolobata National Park.
The utilization of natural resources as a tourist destination encourages people to manage the environment and protect biodiversity and their habitats .
Some of the activities carried out are stopping stone mining, banning taking fish with poison and electricity, .
Sustainable Utilization Aketajawa Lolobata National Park has not collaborated with other villages to manage so that the Totango River watershed area can develop further.
CBNRM with an ecotourism approach in Aketajawa Lolobata National Park will bring significant economic benefits to rural communities.
Apart from providing employment opportunities to the community, it also contributes to the development of the village.
The sustainable use of these natural resources is closely linked to the protection of biodiversity .
CONCLUSSION
Residents around Aketajawa Lolobata National Park already have ecological knowledge and awareness.
With this watershed resource, the community wants to achieve better results to improve well-being and continue to pay attention and increase the carrying capacity of the environment.
Currently.
Aketajawa Lolobata National Park performs natural resource management functions/activities including planning through construction of facilities and infrastructure, identification and mapping of national park potential for 'Aketajawa Lolobata, the identification of problems that arise in the process of development, organization .
, implement .
with the active participation of the community, and control .
This indicates that the natural resource management activities have gone well and that the community is able to manage the natural resources in a participatory and independent manner.
REFERENCES