JUATIKA
JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA
VOL.
6 NO.
1 January 2024 DOI :https://doi.
org/10.
36378/juatika.
eissn 2656-1727 pissn 2684-785X Hal : 93 Ae 100 Two Types of Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinaru.
Murity Varieties Productivity in Different Planting Patterns Hangger Gahara Mawandha.
Nino Wahyu Andias Institut Pertanian Stiper Yogyakarta Jln.
Nangka II.
Maguwoharjo Depok Sleman Yogyakarta 55283 Kampus II: Jl.
Petung No.
Papringan.
Yogyakarta.
Indonesia *Email : hangger@instiperjogja.
ABSTRACT
The two varieties.
Bululawang and Cenning, exhibit different maturity types.
The sugarcane production cycle involves the cultivation of Plant Cane (PC).
Ratoon Cane (RC) I, and Ratoon Cane (RC) II cropping patterns, followed by replanting.
The objective of this study is to assess the productivity of Bululawang and Cenning varieties when planted as plant cane and ratoon cane.
QA conducted the study On Farm PG.
Pesantren Baru, located in Plosokidul.
Plosoklaten.
Djengkol.
Ploso Kidul.
Kec.
Plosoklaten.
Kediri.
East Java.
It took place from July to September 2021.
The study compared the two varieties under different cropping patterns.
The differences in variables between treatments were analyzed using a T-test at a significance level of 5%.
The observations and sample collection were conducted at specific distances from the field's edge, including line 4 .
, line 5 .
, line 282 .
, line 560 .
, and line 561 .
When planted as plant and ratoon cane, the T-test analysis revealed significant differences in stem weight and productivity parameters between Bululawang and Cenning Keywords: Bululawang.
Cenning.
Plant Cane.
Ratoon Cane.
Productivity Copyright A 2024.
The authors.
This is an open access article under the CC BY license .
ttps://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Mawandha et.
INTRODUCTION
Sugar cane, scientifically known as Saccharum officinarum, is a significant plantation commodity in Indonesia.
plays a crucial role in meeting the basic needs of the Indonesian people, particularly in the form of white crystal Sugar cane also contributes to the food and beverage industry by producing refined sugar, which is a vital raw However, recent data from the Badan Pusat Statistik .
reveals a decline in sugar production from 2016 to On a global scale, the Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian .
reports that sugarcane productivity has experienced slight fluctuations over the past decade .
, ranging from 77 tons/ha to 70.
99 tons/ha, with an annual growth rate of only 0.
the world's sugarcane productivity 17 tons/ha, showing a slight decrease compared to the previous year.
Unfortunately.
Indonesia currently ranks 36th in sugarcane productivity, with a level of 67.
88 tons/ha.
This highlights the need for various agricultural technological innovations in Indonesia to enhance sugarcane productivity.
According to a study conducted by Atikasari et al.
, 2023.
several factors can impact the productivity of sugarcane.
One of these factors is the planting category used in sugarcane cultivation.
The planting category can be divided into early planting or plant cane (PC) and ratoon cane (RC).
Plant cane refers to sugarcane that is planted on new land or land that has been cleared after the previous harvest.
Before planting, the land needs to be prepared.
On the other hand, ratoon cane refers to sugarcane plants that regrow from the stem tissue left in the soil after the initial sugarcane is cut down and cleared (Fitra et al.
, 2.
Cultivating sugarcane through ratoon cane is more profitable than planting new sugarcane plants.
This is because it requires relatively lower costs as it eliminates the need to purchase Juatika Vol.
6 No.
seedlings and clear land.
However, it is essential to note that sugarcane cultivation may not always be profitable if the production gains are low and do not outweigh the costs involved.
From a sugarcane production and quality can lead to declining national sugar production (Kadarwati et al.
, 2.
In addition to categorizing the plants, sugarcane productivity is greatly influenced by the selection of suitable varieties and the management of the growing environment.
It is crucial to carefully plan the planting of each Variety according to its maturity type to achieve high yields.
Sugarcane varieties are classified into different maturity types:
early, early, middle, middle, and late middle (Riajaya dan Kadarwati, 2.
(Riajaya and Kadarwati, 2.
The Bululawang and Cenning varieties are commonly used due to their distinct Bululawang has a slow germination process and reaches middle maturity slower, while the Cenning Varieties have a moderate germination rate and early High-quality germination rate, long stem size, lengthy internodes, a large number of stems, upright leaf angle, a moderate stem diameter, and a small number of leaves (Rokhman, 2.
This research aimed to assess the development and efficiency of two different types of Cenning .
arly ripenin.
maturity varieties in comparison to Bululawang .
ate ripenin.
in two distinct planting categories, namely plant cane (PC) .
irst cro.
and ratoon cane (RC) .
atoon cro.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research was conducted in Djengkol.
Ploso Kidul.
Plosoklaten District.
Kediri.
East Java.
The following are the coordinates of the research Mawandha et.
Juatika Vol.
6 No.
The number of segments, length of segments, research was carried out from July to stem diameter, stem weight per meter.
September 2021.
and productivity.
The counting of plants The necessary tools include a per meter was conducted before harvest.
calliper for measuring the stem diameter.
Tiller counts were recorded every week a tape measure for determining the stem until the conclusion of the study.
Plant height, paper labels for marking the height observations were made once a observed stems, a notebook, and writing week until the end of the research.
The research focused on sugar Monitoring of stem diameter occurred cane, specifically plant cane (PC) and every week.
The number of segments ratoon cane (RC) planting patterns that was counted weekly until the research were nine months old.
The planting was completed, with observations material originated from mules/cuttings.
covering the stem's base, middle, and tip The varieties examined in the study were segments.
Segment length calculations Cenning an early maturity type, and Bulu were performed weekly until the end of lawang (BL), a late maturity type.
Early the study, encompassing the stem's maturing varieties enter the generative base, middle, and tip.
Stem diameter was phase after one month of exposure to dry measured using a calliper at a height of months .
ainfall < 60 m.
In contrast, 10 cm from the ground surface, with late-ripening varieties require more than observations made at the stem's base, three months of dry conditions to enter middle, and tip.
The final observation the generative phase.
The observations after harvest involved weighing the sugar were conducted at specific distances cane using a scale.
Observations were from the edge: the 4th sample was taken made at the stem's base, middle, and tip.
4 meters from the edge, the 5th sample After was taken 12 meters from the edge, the mentioned above, the data can be utilized 6th sample was taken 282 meters from to estimate the quantity of sugarcane the edge, and the 7th sample was taken production by multiplying the number of 560 meters from the edge.
The 3rd stalks per plot by the weight of sugarcane sample was taken on the 561st ledge, 12 per stalk.
meters from the edge.
Two different types of varieties were 3.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
compared under two distinct cropping The growth and development of pattern conditions during this research.
sugar cane plants goes through 5 The analysis employed the T-test to phases, namely the germination phase, between sprouting phase, stem elongation phase, treatments in a single direction, with a sugar filling phase, and maturity phase.
significance level of a = 5%.
The the sprouting phase, the number of plants observed parameters included the per meter and saplings.
number of plants, tillers, plant height.
Table 1.
Parameters for the number of plants and tillers per meter of sugarcane between 2 varieties with different planting patterns Varieties Bululawang Cenning Planting Pattern Total Plant .
er Total tillers .
er mete.
Plant Cane Ratoon Cane Plant Cane Ratoon Cane 0 A 1.
0 A 1.
7 A 0.
7 A 0.
39 A 8.
3 A 7.
39 A 9.
23 A 6.
Note: The same letters in the same column indicate no significant difference.
Mawandha et.
Juatika Vol.
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No significant differences were the Cenning Varieties in the ratoon cane observed in plant germination parameters planting pattern exhibit a significant between the two varieties and two difference compared to the same planting patterns.
However, the number Varieties in the plant cane planting of shoots in the Cenning Varieties with pattern and the Bululawang Varieties in the ratoon cane planting pattern showed both planting patterns.
The number of a significant difference compared to the tillers in the Cenning Varieties is notably same sugarcane Varieties.
Cenning, but low when grown in the ratoon cane with a different planting pattern, namely planting pattern.
This can be attributed to plant cane and other varieties.
Other a decrease in food reserves stored in the Varieties, bulu lawang, also exhibited two sugarcane stem clump, resulting in new planting patterns: plant cane and ratoon shoots relying on external factors such as During the budding phase, the soil and climate conditions and cultivation number of plants refers to the parent management.
The plant grown from the buds of the stem sugarcane tillers primarily occurs around cuttings planted in rows.
On the other the main stem.
External factors, hand, the number of tillers plays a crucial particularly farm management, greatly role in calculating sugarcane productivity, influence the success of sugarcane as it is one of the components of budding.
On the other hand, internal sugarcane productivity (Hamida et al.
, factors encompass the quality of sugarcane seedlings containing glucose.
The parameter used to estimate the nitrogen, and water (Zaini et al.
, 2.
number of sugarcane stalks harvested in Food reserves in sugarcane are stored in the cultivated area is the number of tillers.
the stem.
One factor determining the The provided table shows that both quality of planting material is the amount varieties and planting patterns have 7 to of substrate, such as carbohydrates, 8 mother plants growing in a 1-meter available for metabolism that supports area, with each mother plant having 3 to early plant growth.
In addition, the wound 5 tillers.
The total number of sugarcane part of the former cutting greatly affects plants maintained until they reach 10 to the water loss in the seed and can be a 12 months of age is another parameter way for pathogens to infect the seed used to calculate the productivity of tissue during storage (Annisa et al.
sugarcane plants in a 1-hectare field.
In 2.
the table displaying the number of tillers.
Table 2.
Parameters of plant height, internode length and number of segments per sugarcane plant between 2 varieties with different planting patterns Varieties Bululawang Cenning Planting Pattern Plant Height .
Segment length .
er Plan.
Total Segments .
er plan.
Plant Cane Ratoon Cane Plant Cane Ratoon Cane 87 A 0.
60 A 0.
83 A 0.
77 A 0.
3 A 1.
7 A 0.
8 ab 3 A 0.
7 ab 3 A 0.
3 A 1.
3 A 1.
3 A 2.
3 A 2.
Note: The same letters in the same column indicate no significant difference.
Mawandha et.
There is a notable distinction in the stem growth parameters of sugarcane plants, particularly in the height of sugarcane varieties with ratoon cane (RC) planting patterns compared to the plant cane (PC) planting pattern in the Bulu Lawang Varieties.
Additionally, both planting patterns in the Cenning Varieties exhibit a significant height difference.
However, when it comes to the length of internodes per plant, the Cenning Varieties with RC planting patterns show a significant difference compared to the PC planting pattern in the Bulu Lawang Varieties.
Interestingly, no significant difference was observed between the PC and RC planting patterns in the Bulu Lawang Varieties for the Cenning Varieties.
Furthermore, the number of internodes per plant does not show a significant difference in the Lawang feather Varieties for both PC and RC patterns and the Cenning Varieties for both PC and RC planting patterns.
It is important to note that the relationship between plant height is influenced by the length and number of internodes in sugarcane plants, which are affected by the genetic factors of the varieties used (Supriyadi et al.
, 2.
The number of internodes per stem is vital in yield because it relates to plant height.
Broadly speaking, the height of sugarcane plants is determined by the number of internodes and the length of sugarcane stem internodes, and the growth of sugarcane internode length occurs during stem elongation (Muttaqin et al.
, 2.
Plant height is determined by plant assimilation, essential for vegetative In the case of sugarcane plants, their height plays a crucial role in deciding their future productivity.
The height and uniformity of the plants directly influence the productivity of sugarcane.
According to Muttaqin et al.
, the better the growth and uniformity of the sugarcane plants, the higher the Juatika Vol.
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productivity will be.
Plant height, specifically the increase in the size of the plant stem towards the top .
, is one of the indicators of vegetative growth in sugarcane plants.
This increase in stem height results from the plant's age, which leads to a rise in the number of cells and phytohormones in the stem.
Table 2 shows that the Bululawang Varieties of sugarcane, when planted using the ratoon cane pattern, have the lowest height compared to the same Varieties planted using the plant cane pattern, as well as other varieties with different planting patterns.
This height difference is influenced by the length and number of segments in each variety, based on the plant cane and ratoon cane planting The length of the internodes is a parameter used to measure plant height.
Ideally, the length of sugarcane stem segments should be between 15 and 20 cm, depending on the varieties and However, under dry environmental conditions, the segment elongation may be suboptimal, resulting in lengthening that is less than 10 cm.
If the segments are short, the plant height is not achieved optimally.
Meanwhile, the number of segments can be used to determine the age of the plant.
The increase in sugar cane stem segments in 1 month reaches 2 - 3 Regarding internode length parameters, the Cenning Varieties with the Ratoon cane planting pattern have shorter internode lengths than the Bululawang Varieties with the cane plant The limited food reserves influence this in the ratoon cane stems of the Cenning Varieties.
It is also affected by dry environmental conditions, which cause the elongation of internodes to be The Cenning Varieties is an early maturity type so physiologically.
cannot withstand conditions of low soil moisture content (< 50 %) or dry months .
ainfall < 60 m.
for one month.
Mawandha et.
Juatika Vol.
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Table 3.
Parameters of stem diameter, stem weight per meter and sugarcane productivity between 2 varieties with different planting patterns Varieties Bululawang Cenning Planting Pattern Stem Diameter .
Stem Weight (Kgs per mete.
Productivity .
ons per hectar.
Plant Cane Ratoon Cane Plant Cane Ratoon Cane 0 A 2.
7 A 1.
3 A 0.
7 A 1.
47 A 0.
44 A 0.
47 A 0.
40 A 0.
8 A 10.
9 A 12.
4 ab 9 A 8.
0 A 5.
Note: The same letters in the same column indicate no significant difference.
Table 3 reveals significant variations in stem diameter parameters between the two planting patterns (PC and RC) for the two varieties.
The Bululawang and Cenning varieties exhibit a larger diameter when planted using the PC pattern than the RC pattern.
Stem diameter plays a crucial role in the growth of sugar cane plants as it directly impacts the yield.
According to the research conducted by Annisa et al.
, the PS 862 clone demonstrated a larger stem diameter than the Bululawang clone.
Sugar cane with a larger trunk diameter can store greater water and food Diameter also serves as a vital parameter in assessing the effects of treatments on plant growth and can be production (Siswanto et al.
, 2.
Stem diameter is a significant characteristic in The storage of glucose and carbohydrates, which are the products of photosynthesis, occurs in the sugar cane Stems with a larger diameter will contain higher quantities of glucose and carbohydrates (Kadarwati, 2.
The research of Riajaya and Kadarwati .
shows that stem weight and stem diameter have a very close and positive correlation.
The higher the stem diameter, the higher the stem weight.
Stem weight per meter is closely related to stem diameter.
The greater the stem diameter, the higher the stem weight.
This causes the stem weight to also show a real difference, especially the weight of the stem per meter of sugar cane Varieties.
Cenning with the ratoon cane pattern has the lowest weight per meter compared to the weight of the stem per meter of the Bululawang Varieties in the same planting pattern, namely ratoon The ratoon cane planting pattern in both varieties shows a significant difference from the plant cane planting pattern in both varieties.
The weight of the ratoon cane of both varieties is still lower than the weight of the stem compared to that of the plant cane.
This is thought to be influenced by the varieties used, following the results of research by Chohan et al.
, which showed differences in stem weight produced due to differences in sugarcane clones/varieties used.
By knowing the stem's diameter, the sugarcane stem's weight will be obtained.
This is useful in productivity without destructive plants.
Therefore, the productivity parameter of Cenning varieties with ratoon cane planting patterns significantly differs from that of Cenning and Bululawang varieties.
The outcomes in Bululawang when utilizing the Plant cane planting pattern.
This can be attributed to the Plant Cane planting pattern involving the initial crop, which maintains its productivity without any The initial crop (PC) tends to exhibit a higher productivity rate than the ratoon crop, and this productivity tends to decrease due to less optimal land conditions in subsequent crops.
The first crop benefits from favorable soil aeration.
Mawandha et.
as the time interval between tillage and sugarcane growth, is relatively short.
Consequently, productivity between the first crop and the subsequent crops is consistent with Riajaya and Kadarwati's .
Their study revealed early to early middle varieties, such as PS 881.
Cenning, and PSJK 922.
yielded a productivity range of tons/ha.
Additionally, intermediate varieties, including VMC7616 and PSDK 923.
productivity range of 105-109 tons/ha.
Notably, varieties with a middle-slow maturity type attained the highest level of sugarcane productivity.
Among these varieties.
PSDK 923, with the mid-slow maturity type, exhibited the highest productivity of 109.
28 tons/ha, surpassing the widely used BL Varieties .
tons/h.
in various regions.
CONCLUSION
The number of tillers in the ratoon cane planting pattern has shown a Cenning Varieties compared to the plant cane planting pattern.
Furthermore, this decrease is also observed in comparison to the Bululawang Varieties in both planting patterns.
In the ratoon cane planting pattern, the Bululawang varieties exhibit the lowest plant height, as opposed to the Bululawang varieties in the plant cane planting pattern and the Cenning varieties Additionally, the internode length in the Cenning varieties with the ratoon cane planting pattern is the Bululawang varieties with the plant cane planting pattern.
The stem diameter of both varieties with the ratoon cane planting pattern displays a smaller stem circumference in comparison to the plant cane planting pattern.
Juatika Vol.
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Moreover, the stem weight per meter of the Cenning Varieties with the ratoon cane planting pattern is the lightest compared to the Bululawang Varieties with the ratoon cane planting pattern.
Notably, both varieties in the ratoon cane planting pattern are lighter than those in the plant cane planting pattern.
The productivity of the Cenning Varieties in the ratoon cane planting pattern is the lowest compared to the same Varieties in the plant cane planting pattern and the Bululawang Varieties in both planting patterns.
REFERENCE