INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
Volume 1 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Page: 153-170 E-ISSN: 3025-9681.
P-ISSN: 3026-3891
Submission: 31 October 2023.
Revision: 10 December 2023.
Publication: 30 December 2023
SOCIAL EDUPRENEURSHIP BASED ON THE QURAN: ANALYSIS OF
EDUPRENEURSHIP CRITERIA AND MODELS
Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad1 Universitas PTIQ Jakarta e-mail: mahfud982@gmail.
Abstrack The unemployment rate in Indonesia is increasing, especially during the covid-19 This unemployment problem has existed before and is difficult to solve because very few Indonesians have the courage to become independent entrepreneurs.
Educational background, experience, abilities, business capital and community culture make the courage to become an entrepreneur very low.
Islam encourages its followers to become afterlife-oriented entrepreneurs, so that life in this world and the afterlife becomes balanced, therefore social edupreneurship based on the Quran is needed.
This article examines qualitatively descriptively how social edupreneurship based on the Quran can become a concept and idea for social enterpreneurship programs carried out by the government for the community.
Specifically reviewing the criteria and models of edupreneurship based on the Quran.
Social edupreneurship based on the Quran guides muslims to become accomplished and tough entrepreneurs while still practicing the values of the Quran such as justice, community empowerment and being oriented towards mutual prosperity, not just material gain.
Keywords: Social edupreneurship.
Abstrak Angka pengangguran di Indonesia semakin meningkat, terutama ketika terjadi pandemi Masalah pengangguran ini telah ada sebelumnya dan sulit diselesaikan karena sedikit sekali masyarakat Indonesia yang berani untuk menjadi wirausahawan mandiri.
Latar belakang pendidikan, pengalaman, kemampuan, modal usaha dan budaya masyarakat menjadikan keberanian menjadi pengusaha sangat rendah.
Islam mendorong umatnya untuk menjadi wirausahawan yang berorientasi akhirat, sehingga kehidupan dan akhirat menjadi seimbang, oleh diperlukan pendidikan kewirausahaan sosial berbasis al-QurAoan.
Artikel ini mengkaji secara deskriptif kualitatif tentang bagaimana pendidikan kewirausahaan sosial berbasis al-QurAoan yang dapat menjadi konsep dan ide program pendidikan kewirausahaan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah kepada masyarakat.
Khususnya mengulas tentang kriteria dan model kewirausahaan berbasis al-QurAoan.
Kewirausahaan sosial berbasis al-QurAoan memandu Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad umat islam untuk menjadi pengusaha yang ulung dan tangguh dengan tetap mengamalkan nilai-nilai al-QurAoan seperti keadilan, pemberdayaan masyarakat dan beorientasi pada kesejahteraan bersama, bukan keuntungan materi semata.
Kata Kunci: social edupreneurship.
INTRODUCTION
in August 2022.
Thus, the open Labor and poverty are some of unemployment rate (TT) in Indonesia the social problems in Indonesia.
The amounted to 5.
This number has unemployment rate in Indonesia is increased compared to February 2022 increasing again.
In the latest data 40 million people.
However, when from the Central Statistics Agency compared to the same period a year (BPS), the Open Unemployment Rate earlier, the number of unemployed (TT) in August 2022 was 5.
86%, down 68% compared to August 2021.
Meanwhile, in August 2021.
Meanwhile, the number of labor force the number of unemployed people in based on the National Labor Force Indonesia was 9.
1 million people.
Survey (Sakerna.
in August 2022 When compared to the total labor 72 million people, up 3.
force of 143.
72 million people, the compared to August 2021.
However, open unemployment rate (TPT) in there were 4.
15 million people or Indonesia was observed at 5.
86% in 98% of the working-age population August 2022.
This figure increased by affected by Covid-19.
Then there was 03% points compared to February unemployment of 0.
24 million people.
2022 of 5.
83% (Sadya, 2.
Indonesia The problem of unemployment experienced a reduction in working is a problem that occurs everywhere.
hours due to Covid-19 of 3.
48 million One of the causes of unemployment (Statistik, 2.
is the lack of courage to become an According to Sarnita, based on There are many factors the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) that make people lack the courage to report, the number of unemployed people in Indonesia was 8.
42 million entrepreneurial programs from the Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad government that have not been able Islam strongly encourages its people Islam empowered entrepreneurial mentality encourages humans to always seek in the community and the capitalist the bounty of Allah.
Islam approves business and entrepreneurship as a predominantly used globally.
There highly valued place (Solaiman & are three types of economic systems Yasmin, 2.
This article will explore how socialist economic system and the entrepreneurship education in the Islamic economic system (Itang & Daenuri, 2.
Muslim societies should ideally Qur'an.
This because the author has not found practice the Islamic economic system.
The Islamic economic system is entrepreneurship education and to similar to the socialist economic motivate people to dare to become system that does not focus on straight entrepreneurs as expected by religion and the state.
principles of Islamic economics are LITERATURE REVIEW based on individual freedom, the right There are several studies related al-Qur'an-based to social entrepreneurship including Merfat E.
Shafii's dissertation.
A Deconstruction of Factors that affect prohibition of accumulating wealth.
Performance and individual and community welfare Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia.
(Itang & Daenuri, 2.
The Islamic Merfat's economic system is more directed entrepreneurship from the aspect of towards piety, because the main goal women performance studies in Saudi sought is the pleasure of Allah SWT.
Arabia (Shafii.
Women
Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad
necessary for researchers to develop
the study of social entrepreneurship
METHODS RESEARCH
This research is a study that science about the interpretation of uses qualitative methods, which is a the concept and analysis of social research method that is descriptive, uses analysis, refers to data, utilizes entrepreneurship in philanthropy in material, and produces a theory.
Indonesia Primary data sources used are verses Selain itu, ada penelitian Misagh of the Qur'an related to the theme of Tasavori, tentang Corporate Social social entrepreneurship education by Entrepreneurship at the Bottom of the referring to several books of tafsir in Economic Pyramid: Anteseden dan accordance with the diversity of Hasil styles, periods and schools of thought that are mu'tabarah or worthy of India Elisabeth (Tasavori.
Ferri.
Kewirausahaan Sosial dan Konteks Kelembagaan:
MaAoluf.
Kuantitatif Sebuah (Ferri.
Analisis (Ali & Muhdlor, 1996.
This designed in the form of library Murtadho Ridwan's dissertation on:
"Social Entrepreneurship at the Waqf data was then analyzed from several Institution Daarut Tauhid Bandung.
written references published in the (Ridwan, form of books, journals, magazines The and other sources including from the internet and inventoried the verses of entrepreneurship in society, but has the Qur'an and tafsir related to the not revealed how Qur'an-based social research theme.
(Suryadilaga, 2.
The Data analysis in this study uses Therefore, this article seeks to explain thematic interpretation method .
l- Qur'an-based social entrepreneurship al-maudu'.
Thematic Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad interpretation .
l-tafsir al- maudu'.
three terms of education, namely tarbiyah, ta'lim and ta'dib.
These three interpretation that explains certain terms have different definitions and themes in the Qur'an either in one meanings both textual and contextual chapter or several chapters (Khoiruddin, al-Makhdaly (Al- According Makhdaly, 1.
While according to Imam al-Baidlawi .
ied 658 H) in his al-Farmawi, al-tafsir al-maudu'i is tafsir Anwarut Tanzil Wa Asrorut collecting all the verses of the Qur'an Ta'wil, that tarbiyah is conveying that have the same purpose and something little by little, until it After that, if possible, it is arranged based on its descent by (An-Nahlawi, paying attention to the causes of its Next is the word ta'lim which The next step is to describe has 2 .
forms of jama' .
it with accurate theoretical scales so words, namely ta'lim and ta'limat.
that the mufassir can present the Although the forms of jama' are theme as a whole and perfect.
At the different, it is not so significant, so that the first form, ta'lim has the purpose is also stated in an easy-to- meaning: .
Information .
, .
understand expression so that even Advice, .
Instruction, .
Direction, the deepest parts can be explored Teaching .
, .
Training, ((Al-farmawi, 2.
Schooling .
ducation in school.
DISCUSSION Definition Social Education, .
ork Entrepreneurship Education Apprenticeship Then second jama' word form, ta'limat, has There are two variables in this 2 .
kinds of meanings, namely .
discussion, namely education and Directives .
, social entrepreneurship.
These two Announcement (Wehr, 1.
discussions will be examined from an The word ta'lim derived from Islamic perspective.
In Islam, there are 'alima is mentioned no less than 744 Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad Diciplinary punishment .
unishment frequency of word changes mentioned for the sake of orde.
(Baalbaki, 2.
in the Qur'an, namely 'alima .
According to Syed Naquib al-Attas, ya'lamu .
I'lam .
, 'ilm .
, 'alim .
, ma'lum .
, 'alimin .
, 'alam .
, a'lam .
, 'alima or 'ulama terminology than the word tarbiyah or .
, ta'lim.
'allam Qur'an, .
, 'allama .
, yu'allimu .
, 'ulima .
, mu'allam .
, ta'dib According to Ibn Manzur, the ta'allama (Rahardjo, 1.
word addaba is the equivalent of the According to al-Thabathaba'i, 'allama al-Zajjaz that the word 'allama mentioned in interpreted as the way God taught His Surah Prophet.
The Masdar form of the word continuation of the previous verse, addaba is ta'dib, which is defined as namely 'allama al-Insan ma lam education and conceptually in line ya'lam, meaning and teaches man with the term ta'lim.
The word ta'dib is what he does not know.
This implies knowledge that prevents man from that Allah swt teaches man by means errors of judgment.
It also means the of the kalam about everything he does recognition and acknowledgment of not know.
His teaching certainly applies to the Prophet Muhammad, although he is known as the Ummi hierarchical in accordance with its Prophet.
level and degree or in accordance with al-'Alaq Because Allah He wants.
proportional physical, intellectual, and Almighty to give teaching to anyone Then the term ta'dib has 5 .
spiritual potential of humans (Al- Attas, 1.
The author tends to Education .
Discipline follow the definition put forward by al- .
Zajjaz.
Punishment.
Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad The definition of the term community process of building and "social entrepreneurship" consists of transforming institutions to develop "entrepreneurship" solutions to social problems, such as "social", the word "entrepreneurship" environmental damage, human rights "entrepreneur" "entrepreneur".
Entrepreneurship in (Dess, n.
Dess & Anderson, 2.
terms of etymology comes from the In line with Dees' thoughts is Nicholls' words "wira" and business.
"Wira", opinion that social entrepreneurship means warrior, hero, superior human being, role model, virtuous, brave and entrepreneurship that has dimensions noble character.
Effort, means charity, of sociability, market orientation, and doing something.
An entrepreneur innovation (Nicholls, 2008.
Yaumidin, according to Joseph Schumpeter is an Zadek and Thake agree that innovator who implements changes in entrepreneurship is creating social The new combination value rather than creating personal can be in the form of: .
introducing wealth driven by innovation factors new products, .
introducing new that are able to overcome various production methods, .
opening new social problems faced by society markets, .
obtaining new sources of (Yaumidin.
The components, or .
running a new entrepreneurship is related to the organization in an industry (Buchari, development of people, not merely Suryana, 2011.
Tarsis, 2.
reaping material benefits.
(Buchari, 2016.
Suryana, 2011.
Tarsis.
Entrepreneurship Qur'an According Dees.
The entrepreneurship is defined as a Terms entrepreneurship education in the Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad Qur'an include al-Ibtigha (Seekin.
, resources that have been provided by Al-Kasb (Earnin.
Al-'Amal Allah Swt.
(Workin.
As-Sa'yu (Strivin.
As explained in the Qur'an that Yughayyiru (Chang.
At-Tijarah the word ibtigha' is contained in 10 Al-Birr letters and 12 verses that use the (Commerc.
, (Kindness/Obedienc.
terminology Au AE EEA, namely Surah First.
Al-Ibtigha' al-Baqarah al-Maidah The word ibtigha' comes from verse 2, an-Nahl verse 14, al-Isra Arabic (A )uE eand is a word found in verse 12 and verse 166, al-Qashash the Qur'an in Surah Ar-Ra'd Verse 22, verse 73, al-Rum verse 23 and verse 64.
Fathir verse 12, al-Jatsiyah verse Qur'an 12, al-Jumu'ah verse 10, and al- Because encourages people to do work that Muzzammil can prosper the world and have a Baqarah verse 198 and al-Maidah business as one of the principles of verse 2 and surat al-Jumu'ah verse 10.
achieving sustenance and livelihood As for the explanation of the term AuA (Az-Zuhaili, 1.
Furthermore, the in Surah al-Baqarah verse 198, that term of the word A uE eain the Qur'an the Prophet Muhammad Saw, during the Hajj season was allowed to do fadlullah .
eeking bount.
, ibtigha' trading activities, so this verse was revealed to answer the problem.
eeking ibtigha' 'aradl al-Hayah al-Dunya Second.
Al-Kasb .
eeking the gift of life in the worl.
The this term reveals that humans are Indonesian terms sourced from the always looking for sustenance.
The National Language and Education use of the term al-Ibtiga in the Qur'an Center that kasb can be understood is a form of motivation for humans to always work to seek the gifts of Allah endeavors made by humans based on Swt their abilities in line with the desires al-Kasb.
Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad of the heart (Tim Penyusun Pusat business.
Belian answered firmly, that Bahasa, 2.
Kasb in the Arabic the goodness of human effort lies in version is taken from isim masdar independence, not in the type and when viewed in the form of sentences Then the Prophet was asked AEA- AOEA-A EAin Hammad's view the again, what is the best business? origin of the word kasb in the Then he answered that a person's language version can be interpreted with the meaning of producing and creativity and trading activities that collecting, then it can be used in do not contain elements of fraud general terms with the meaning of a (Hamzah, 2.
job that can encourage someone to do According to al-Syaibani, al- what is beneficial and able to keep Kasb is an effort to seek wealth in a halal way by working not only to meet (Hammad, the needs of life, but also to seek the The derivation of the word al- pleasure of Allah Swt (Najamuddin & Kasb in the Qur'an is repeated 67 Jefri, 2021.
Syaibani, 1.
With the term al-Kasb, the Third.
Al-AoAmal Qur'an The term al-'amal can mean work that has a goal, both targets in partiality in every human activity.
terms of time and results.
This word Among the appreciation of the Qur'an is also synonymous with the words is that every human mistake in mihnah and sun'ah, which means carrying out activities is rewarded with mistakes made as a lesson towards realization.
With the aim that According to Ibn Mandzur, the word humans can create the best for 'amal is synonymous with the word themselves and for others.
mihnah and fi'il.
the term word has the Allah Swt Once the Prophet Muhammad (Mandzur, meaning of the element of effort Saw was asked about the best (Mandzur.
Meanwhile.
Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad according to al-Raghib, the term 'amal The term as-sa'yu, according to is all human activities that are based the language, means to hasten, to on certain goals.
Then this word is walk quickly, but not to the extent of more specific than the term fi'il word.
running, hurrying, going to the goal.
because the word fi'il, is sometimes The word as-sa'yu can generally be attributed to the meaning of animals interpreted to indicate an effort or But the word as-sa'yu can also reflection of instincts that have no be interpreted with a need that is the Whereas the word 'amal is cause of its fulfillment.
Then it is also only attributed to humans which associated with a problem faced by includes good and bad qualities.
paying attention to the results to be The derivation of the term 'amal in the Qur'an is repeated 360 times, so The derivation of the word as- it can be classified into several forms.
sa'yu in the Qur'an is repeated 30 The term 'amal, which means work, in times, with details 20 times in the the Qur'an is interpreted as a positive form of a verb .
erb/fi'i.
, while 10 spirit that is appreciated.
One form of times in the form of an adjective appreciation of the Qur'an is that .
asdar/gerun.
when something goes wrong, it is not Human actions are explained in the rewarded except in proportion to its Qur'an using the word as-sa'yu, so own actions.
When positive activities that the Qur'an gives legality to are done, the Qur'an promises a reward that exceeds what is done.
that 'amal or work in the Qur'an, is an responds to this creativity, and orders built on an (Hamzah.
So that Allah Swt humans to always emulate people individually and socially.
positive creativity.
Fourth.
As-SaAoyu Fifth.
At-Taghyir Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad Islam as a religion that invites changes in society, this is the mission (Al-Ashfahany, of the Qur'an since it was first According to Quraish Shihab, the revealed to the Prophet Muhammad word at-tijarah in verse 282 of Surah Saw, within 14 centuries ago the Arab al-Baqarah means "trade", namely community was in direct contact with trade that is carried out in cash, so this mission.
The Qur'an provides a there is nothing wrong with not guide in the process of changing writing down the transaction, because this is different from the beginning of behavior (Shihab M.
Quraish, 1.
the verse telling about trade in the The process of change is a human right as social creatures in recording transactions witnessed by Interaction witnesses (Shihab, 2.
In line with between nations in strengthening the the content of verse 282 of Surah al- pace of social change.
The impact of Baqarah is the word of Allah Swt in this social change not only creates a Surah an-Nisa verse 29, which means gap between old values and new "commerce", namely commerce that values, but also creates a gap in social is pleased by Allah Swt is on the reality that continues to change.
condition that commerce is based on Sixth.
At-Tijarah mutual consent ('an taradi.
that The .
, at-tijarah does not violate religious provisions form of mashdar or is not forced (Shihab, 2.
Seventh.
Al-Birr tajara-yatjuru- tijaratan, which means trading, trade.
The al-Birr According to al-Asfahani, derivations in the Qur'an 20 times at-tijarah means the management of contained in 18 verses and 11 letters property for profit.
The word at-tijarah (Al-Baqi, 1.
The word al-Birr is which means distributing .
mentioned in the form of masdar Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad .
al-birr 8 times, in the form The antonym of the word al-Birr is al- of a present verb .
i'il mudlari') Fujur .
, opposed to the word al- tabarru there are 2 times, in the form Ism .
Thus the word al-Birr, is a of a noun actor .
sim fa'i.
al-barr general term for all deeds whose there are 3 times one of which is used perpetrators are rewarded for doing to mention the nature of Allah Swt, in so .
l-Razi, 1.
the plural form .
sim jama') al-abrar Social Edupreneurship Criteria in there are 6 times and 1 time in the the Qur'an jama' form, namely bararah.
Discussions about the criteria of The something usually do not escape the explaining the meaning of al-Birr, principles and objectives of the thing.
most say al-Birr is a designation The author will describe how the covering all forms of obedience, perfect and comprehensive goodness.
Qur'an-based social edupreneurship.
and all deeds that are approved.
The author will link each point with Ibn Manzur defines al-Birr as the the verse related to it as evidence that good of the world and the hereafter, these points are sourced from the namely worldly good means being Qur'an.
In addition, this analysis is facilitated by Allah Swt to be obtained based on the data that the author has by His servants in the form of guidance, health, safety, and various The principles of Qur'an- The goodness means the luck of achieving eternal pleasure in heaven (Mandzur.
Social welfare.
Meanwhile.
Fakhr al-Din al- Razi, explained that the word al-Birr, principle is inspired by QS.
Al- is a word that includes various forms Baqarah: 185.
Al-Maidah: 6 and of obedience and good deeds that can Al-Inshirah: 5-6 where Islam bring the culprit closer to Allah SWT.
does not expect difficulties for al-yusra.
This Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad its people.
understanding of the Qur'an.
Social justice.
justice in the Dare to take risks.
this courage Qur'an is repeated no less than is certainly accompanied by 78 times (Al-Ashfahany, 1.
good management as can be The Qur'an itself uses the word exemplified from the story of al-'adl, al-qisth and al-mizan to Yusuf in Surah Yusuf verses 46-49 when interpreting the King's dream.
Cooperation and networking.
Continuous.
effort and work in cooperation in Islam is called shirkah, this cooperation is implied in surat Al-Insyirah mentioned by the Qur'an for verses 7-8.
Where Muslims are example in Surah Shad verse start a new job when the old Solutions to social problems.
job has been completed.
for example, poverty alleviation Innovation and creativity.
with qard, zakat, infaq and cannot change his destiny and The action is to foster an fate unless he himself is willing attitude of generosity ordered to try and pray to change it, this by the Qur'an, for example in is implied in surat Al-Ra'du Surah Al-Baqarah verses 261- entrepreneur is required to be Benefit.
Islam prioritizes the creative and innovative.
benefit of the people.
Even in Empowerment.
one of the methods of istinbath in Islam is a system of action Islamic that provides creative solutions principle of maslahah mursalah in solving people's problems in which of course comes from the understanding of scholars' Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad (Machendrawati.
The purpose of entrepreneurship explained in the word of Allah education based on the Qur'an Swt, about placing the function ideally is to:
Community Creating Empowerment surat Al-Ahzab verses 45-46.
Including restoring the spirit of Da'wah Social piety.
the social piety that islam teaches comes from the Prophet Muhammad.
The sustenance and welfare of Prophet's social piety is found creatures has been guaranteed in 3 things, namely salam by God in the letter Hud verse .
ocial approac.
in the form of Realizing .
erbal approac.
in interacting poverty alleviation, this is in so that it is accepted by the line with the word of God surat people of Mecca and Medina.
An-Nahl verse 90 Realizing economic development Qur'an as in surat Al-baqarah And Creating Tha'am .
ersonal approac.
is Realizing like feeding the poor, and social entrepreneurship.
Islam supporting them.
The Qur'an has taught about hard work threatens those who do not do and independence .
, good to the poor, for example, at least there are several in surat al-Ma'un in the 3rd verses of the Quran and Hadith that can be a reference about the spirit of hard work and Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad surah At-Taubah verse 105 Realizing the preservation of This accordance with Surah ar- Ra'du in verse 11.
Always think creatively and environment as in surat al-A'raf verse 56, so as not to be entrepreneurship, and included in the group of people The who do damage on earth who do not have morals towards empowerment that must be creatures (Muhtadin et al.
values of the Qur'an.
Like.
Model Social Edupreneurship in Al- tenacious and focused on a Qur'an job and not doing anything After the author outlines the criteria else before the task is and terms of social entrepreneurship education based on the Qur'an, the Implement author found that the concept of entrepreneurship education in entrepreneurship education based on welfare by maintaining the gap the Qur'an can be outlined in several between the rich and the poor.
forms below:
Actualize Implement entrepreneurship education to solve social problems such as based on the Qur'an in a way:
poverty and unemployment Behave independently as a Making field of worship, because all entrepreneurship education to forms of action will be held development mindset.
CONCLUSION
Author: Ahmad Mahfud Arsyad Social entrepreneurship education or QurAoan al-Karim: al- Tafsir al- social edupreneurship based on the Tahlily.
Dar al-Hadits.
al-Razi.
Qur'an is very important to be spread al-D.
Tafsir mafatihul Ghaib.
In Juz 24.
Dar al- and developed in the community.
Fikr.
Especially the people of Indonesia.
Ali.
, & Muhdlor.
Qomus whose poverty and unemployment Krapyak Al-AoAsri: Arabi -Indunisi.
rates are recorded to increase from Yayasan Ali Maksum.
An-Nahlawi, year to year.
Social entrepreneurship Muslims .
Prinsip- Prinsip dan Metode Pendidikan based on the Qur'an will make Indonesian Islam.
CV.
Diponegoro.
Az-Zuhaili.
Al-QurAoan dan entrepreneurs who are prosperous Paradigma Peradaban (M.
and able to prosper others, because team T.
Ilahi .
)).
Dinamika.
the entrepreneurial mindset is piety Baalbaki.
Al-Mawarid .
and not mere material gain.
Qamus AoArabi-Inkliji.
Dar al-AoIlmi REFERENCE