Vol 18 No 1
Jun 2023
Page: 57-73
E-ISSN: 2540-9204
P-ISSN: 1907-1191
DOI: 10.
37680/adabiya.
Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan Research article Language Choice in Brang Kidul Community of Ponorogo.
Indonesia Rizki Amalia Sholihah1*.
Amir MaAoruf2, & Aris Munandar3 Doctoral Program of Humanities (S3 IIH).
Gadjah Mada University.
Yogyakarta.
Indonesia Faculty of Cultural Studies.
Gadjah Mada University.
Yogyakarta.
Indonesia * rizki.
s@mail.
Abstract This study aims to determine the language choice of Indonesian ethnic Javanese, especially of the Brang Kidul of Ponoragan.
based on the distinguishing vocabulary and intonation in the narrative.
AuPonorogo Brang KidulAy is the designation for the southern part of Ponorogo Regency of the East Java Province.
Employing qualitative research method, sociolinguistic approach, and research communication model, this research was conducted in the higher education community toward three respondents who are native Ponoragan Javanese speakers.
The research data were obtained from recorded dialogues of speakers in four speech contexts between students and lecturers and between fellow students.
The language code selection patterns found were Bahasa Jawa (BJ).
Bahasa Jawa Ponoragan (BJP).
Bahasa Arab (BA), and Bahasa Indonesia (BI) which would had been considered mainly based on situations, age, and social status.
The BJP vocabularies frequently found in the Brang Kidul dialect were "alah mendah", "ritek", "byungalaah", "angkan", "gor", "ale", "klawus", "dipadoni", and "kesit".
Finally, found that factors influencing the choice of language in this study were the interlocutors and the topic of conversation as well as the intonation in the speech of the different speakers, namely the rising tone at the beginning of the speech and falling at the end.
Keywords Dialect.
Javanese Article history Submitted: 28/01/2023.
revised: 05/05/2023.
accepted: 15/05/2023.
Ponorogo A 2023 by the author.
Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 International (CC BY SA) license, https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by-sa/4.
INTRODUCTION
Language is not just a means of communicating information but also building and maintaining relationships with other people.
where there are two fundamental aspects of language behavior from a social point of view, namely the function of language in building social relations and the role played by language in conveying Published by Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri (INSURI) Ponorogo.
Indonesia https://ejournal.
id/index.
php/adabiya/index Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan information about the speaker (Trudgill, 2.
This also makes language have an essential role for its users.
Discussions about language are always related to its most important function, namely as a speech tool.
In speaking, humans as users who function language also have a relationship with external factors, namely social factors.
Language has an essential function divided into ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions (Sudaryanto, 1.
In speaking, humans as users who function language also have a relationship with external factors, namely social factors.
The relationship between language and external factors, namely social factors, has been extensively studied in in-depth research by experts in the field of sociolinguistics (Rokhman & Poedjosoedarmo, 2.
In sociolinguistics, language is not only a formal structure, but its function is examined as a means of social interaction and communication.
In communicating, people often need to pay more attention to the language used, whether it is excellent and correct, that is, by the situation, the interlocutor, the content of the speech, the impression that arises, and the correct grammar.
This happens because most speakers pay more attention to the message to be conveyed, whether it has been well received by the interlocutor rather than the "form" of the language they use.
This is in line with (Mesthrie, 2.
that many studies on language use in bilingual communities focus on the language that speakers usually choose.
in principle, speakers can use their language to interact with others.
In practice, the use of this language will be related to a particular context .
etting, topic, interlocutor, etc.
Choosing a language code is undoubtedly present in a bilingual or multilingual Fishman .
revealed that several factors are considered when choosing language use: who is speaking, who is the interlocutor, the topic being discussed, and where the speech event occurs.
This also happens to the Ponorogo speech They select a language code in their utterances and choose the Javanese Ponorogo dialect.
Indonesian, and foreign languages such as Arabic and English.
Several previous studies discuss the choice of language codes in both bilingual and multilingual societies.
Ramaniyar .
discusses the variations of codeswitching and code-mixing, the causative factors that determine code-switching and code-mixing, and the impact of using code on teaching Indonesian to the Malay Sambas community in Pontianak City.
Another research is which describes the form of language selection and the factors that determine the choice of language code in speech communities in Sukapura Village.
Kiara Condong.
Bandung with language codes, namely Indonesian.
Sundanese.
Javanese.
English, and Arabic (Khotimah.
Rizki Amalia Sholihah.
Amir MaAoruf, & Aris Munandar | Language Choice in Brang Kidul Community of Ponorogo.
Indonesia The following study is by Yusuf .
who describes the form of a speechlanguage selection of Javanese Migrants in the Landasan Ulin District.
Banjarbaru City.
Apart from Indonesia, there have been several studies on language selection, including trilingual code-switching in Hong Kong (Roy Chan, 2.
, which shows that trilingual code-switching between Cantonese.
English, and Putonghua does exist in Hong Kong.
Another study in Luxembourg (Kingsley, 2.
was at multilingual meetings in transnational workplaces,s showing that English was the most frequently used with other languages.
Another choice of language is the Arab community in Quebec-Canada (Dweik & Qawar, 2015,) which shows that they have a positive attitude towards Arabic.
English, and French.
Another study on language selection is found on the Malaysia-Thailand Border (Jaafar et al.
, 20,.
, which shows that even though Malaysians and Thais speak two different languages, the use of the Kelantan dialect, which is a variation of standard Malay, is dominant in the border.
Research on language selection is also found in the Netherlands, namely regarding the selection and language skills of immigrant children and parents (Driessen, 2.
, conducted on 14,000 immigrant students.
This research shows that if two-thirds of children speak their mother tongue in some areas and there is a tendency, the more often they use their mother tongue, the lower their Dutch language skills will be.
There is also language selection between bus crew and passengers in Ghana (Oduro et al.
, 2.
which shows that the Asante Twi dialect is the most dominant language choice of the sample population .
assengers and driver friend.
Finally, the choice of language in private schools in Cyprus (Valentina & Elena, 2.
where the use of different codes serves as another form of power and legitimacy.
Cypriot's use of Greek reflects social values of solidarity and membership in the dominant community while English reflects power in terms of academic achievement and access to and power in class discourse.
Research on language in Ponorogo itself has been carried out, among other things, on the geography of dialects in Ponorogo Regency (Ardiati, 2.
It is known that there are language variations in the form of phonemic, morphemic, and lexical, as well as the discovery of lexicons typical of Ponorogo in a number of 21 lexicons from 10 observation points in 21 sub-districts.
Other research on the Ponorogo language,e namely.
Ponorogo dialect used in agriculture (Fauzi, 2.
namely the existence of dialectal elements and dialectal variations in Javanese Ponorogo in the agricultural realm.
Another research is about using Javanese speech levels in the market (Azila & Febriani, 2.
Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan Ponorogo Regency is one of the regencies in East Java province of Indonesia, which is located at the coordinates between 111A17' Ae 111A52' East Longitude and 7A49' Ae 8A20' South Latitude and has an area of 1,371.
78 kmA.
This area borders the Regencies of Madiun.
Magetan, and Nganjuk next door north.
Tulungagung and Trenggalek Regencies on the east.
Pacitan Regency on the other South, and Pacitan and Wonogiri Regencies (Central Jav.
in the West (BPS, 2.
Ponorogo consists of 21 sub-districts divided into four areas which, based on the local oral history as it might also be considered to become an adequate surce (Anderson & Jack, 2015.
Thompson, 2.
I would follow by naming them Brang Kidul for southern part of Ponorogo.
Brang Wetan for eastern Ponorogo.
Brang Kulon for western Ponorogo, and Brang Lor for northern Ponorogo.
This was also suggested by one of the Ponorogo cultural stakeholders.
Agus Miswanto, who explained the beginning of this Brang The term itself is an abbreviation of the word Ausebrang,Ay which literally means Previously, the AuculturalAy Ponorogo was divided into two parts: Etan Kali and Kulon Kali.
Then this area was divided based on geographical location and the differences in several existing sub-dialects.
Even though theoretically no one mentioned the term "Brang,Ay but in the Ponorogo community, this division of sub-dialects is used and understood.
This arises when there are speakers from a different brang than the interlocutor.
Labeling will often appear.
AuWow, it has to be wong brang etan, or wong brang lor, and so onAy.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the term AubrangAy in the Ponorogo community has been used for a long time, again, even though no theory has standardized it.
Nevertheless, there is a research conducted by Ardiati regarding the geography of the Ponorogo dialect, which mentions the division of the Ponorogo dialect area, namely that there are 12 points that indicate speech differences and three points that show sub-dialect differences.
The three different sub-dialect points are found in 4 villages and sub-districts: Balong Village.
Mlarak Village.
Cokromenggalan Village, and Sawoo Village (Ardiati, 2.
Ponorogo Brang Kidul consists of 5 sub-districts .
, namely Ngrayun.
Sawoo.
Sambit.
Slahung, and Bungkal, which is directly adjacent to Pacitan Regency (BPS, 2.
The term Brang to denote the boundaries of this geographical area also makes the boundaries of the regional division of dialects .
r subdialect.
Each Brang has a dialect that differs from the standardized Javanese dialect .
eferring to the Javanese dialects of Solo/Surakarta and Yogyakart.
in terms of vocabulary and intonation in pronunciation.
The Ponorogo Javanese-speaking community has its Rizki Amalia Sholihah.
Amir MaAoruf, & Aris Munandar | Language Choice in Brang Kidul Community of Ponorogo.
Indonesia peculiarities in intonation, and several vocabularies are different from standardized Javanese.
This then became the background for conducting this research, namely the existence of language differences .
in the speech of the Ponorogo Brang Kidul community and the intonation in their pronunciation.
To do so.
I went to one of the sub-districts in the Brang Kidul Ponorogo area, namely Slahung, which its territory is in the form of hills to the south, west, and east, while the northern part is in the form of lowlands.
Respondents in this study were three students from Slahung District who, from birth to high school, lived in Slahung District and were only in their first year of studying at tertiary institutions located in Ponorogo District (City Cente.
Speech data from the three respondents were collected using tapping techniques to ensure that the respondents continued to have conversations naturally without being affected by the researcher participating .
in the conversation.
This technique is part of the listening method (Mahsun, 2.
The respondents were selected due to differences in the dialect used by respondents from the Slahung District in Brang Kidul Ponorogo and speakers of Ponorogo Javanese from the Ponorogo District (City Cente.
Several vocabularies are different from standardized Javanese, with differences in intonation and pronunciation.
The selected respondents also live in Slahung District, hence they must commute daily to the City Center to participate in lectures.
The problem in this research regards the choice of the language code of the Ponorogo people who come from the Brang Kidulan area, namely for students in the field of education, namely when interacting outside of learning in class.
The aim is to find out the patterns of language code selection made by speakers from Brang Kidulan when interacting with other speakers from different areas.
The choice of the educational domain as the research domain is because when in the educational realm, speakers of a language will be required to use a language code in their speech, for example.
Indonesian, which is the language of instruction in learning in Indonesia.
The existence of these rules then makes speakers, like it or not, can choose the language they will speak.
However, often, speakers unknowingly do code-switching or code-mixing in their utterances so that language selection occurs by itself.
When the learner .
ho is also a speaker of the languag.
is outside the classroom, he can make choices about his language.
It is these interaction events carried out by the respondents outside the classroom that the researcher then captures as an effort to see which language code selection was made.
Sumarsono describes three categories of language selection in sociolinguistics.
Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan First is code-switching, when a speaker masters more than one language and then switches when using that language and hearing ear various supporting factors, including the interlocutor, topic, and atmosphere.
Second, code-mixing was previously referred to as interference, where speakers insert language elements when using specific languages in words, phrases, and groups of words.
Finally, there is variation within the same language, so speakers must choose a particular variety in certain situations.
for example, in Javanese, there are krama and ngoko (Sumarsono.
METHODS The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a sociolinguistic approach and uses a communication ethnographic research model.
Saville-Troike explained that the appropriate data collection method for ethnographic research is participatory observation, namely being at the research site and observing the language behavior of the speech community as the object of research, then recording examples of language use (Yuniawan, 2.
However, to obtain natural data, it is also possible to make observations without involving the respondent.
this can be done in all research domains, such as "secret listening" and "selective listening" (Samarin, 1.
The data was obtained by recording the respondents' utterances using a recording device, namely SONY PX240.
The data obtained will then be analyzed through several stages, namely .
identified, .
transcribed, and .
data grouped according to the code.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Ponoragan Javanese Dialect Most Ponorogo people are Javanese and use Javanese as their primary means of The Javanese language found in Ponorogo is called the Javanese Panaragan dialect.
The Panaragan dialect has several differences from the general Javanese dialect, which refers to the Yogyakarta or Solo Javanese dialects as dialects that are considered standard.
The difference is in several lexicons, intonation, tone, and stress when pronouncing several lexicons in the Javanese Panaragan Dialect.
example of the Javanese Panaragan dialect can be seen in the following Table 1.
Rizki Amalia Sholihah.
Amir MaAoruf, & Aris Munandar | Language Choice in Brang Kidul Community of Ponorogo.
Indonesia Table 1.
Ponoragan Javanese Dialect Lexicon Meaning Lexicon Meaning mboyak/mbokben up to you Angkan desire, plan Gor ydhuk /ythym alah mendah yeah, really? there is Kesit lively, healthy gung, dung not yet Athik how come? ora ritek no need kat, juk, pacak since, until, from Disemantakne Speakers of the Ponoragan dialect often use a distinctive intonation to say something to strengthen, delicious, delicious, huge, and so on.
This can be seen in the words in Ponoragan Javanese, which are characterized by diphthong vowels .
with an initial element .
and an initial element .
(Sugianto, 2.
and an example is the following adopted by Sugianto as seen on the Table 2.
Table 2.
Diphthongs in Ponoragan Javanese Initial element diphthong .
Diphthongs .
Word Meaning Beheading of uakeh .
ua-keh 'many/much' uamba .
uam-ba 'very wide' muepet .
mue-pet 'very tight' Initial element diphthong .
we-giah 'absolutely do not want' digietne .
di-giet-ne 'got really hard' Diphthongs in the Javanese Ponoragan dialect are only found in informal .
variety in the form of a pattern of adding the main vowel /u/, which can be attached to .
, .
, .
, .
, .
, .
, .
and the main vowel /i/ are attached to .
, .
to strengthen (Sugianto, 2.
Unlike in Indonesian, there are four diphthongs, namely .
, .
, .
, and .
, which are found at the beginning, middle, and end of words without any specific purpose in their use because they are elements of letters in a word (Badan Bahasa, 2.
Examples are .
initial words, namely aileron, autodidak, .
the middle of the word, namely balairung, taufik, geiser, boikot.
ending words, namely pandai, harimau, survei, and amboi.
Speakers of the Ponoragan dialect will emphasize the beginning of the spoken word and for a longer Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan duration than pronouncing other words to strengthen it.
These two things are the peculiarities of the Ponoragan dialect, which distinguishes it from other dialects in Javanese.
Below are sentences containing words in Ponoragan Javanese, including the use of diphthongs to strengthen.
Selection of the Language Code of the Brang Kidul People The Javanese Ponoragan dialect of Brang Kidul is special because the area of distribution of its speakers is the widest in Ponorogo Regency, namely in 82 villages out of a total of 281 villages, with a total area of 513.
65 km2 or 37% of the total area of Ponorogo Regency.
Based on the results of the research, the codes for Indonesian (BI).
Javanese Ponoragan (BJP).
Javanese (BJ), and Arabic (BA.
were found.
The BI and BA codes are more often used when discussing topics regarding courses and speaking with other people who also understand both languages in formal or nonformal situations.
In non-formal situations, the BJP and BJ codes are used when interacting with fellow students guilty of running away from Slahung District and other sub-districts in Ponorogo.
The codes R1.
R2, and R3 were used to mention Context 1: R1 is discussing assignments in the form of papers that must be worked on in groups with R2.
R1 : Uangele puol tibake bar tak woco materine sing diwei Pak Dosen mau.
AoSulit sekali ternyata setelah kubaca materi yang diberikan Pak Dosen tadiAo "It was very difficult after I read the material that the lecturer gave earlier" R2 : Alah mendah? Aku mau ora nggiatekne pas neng kelas marai.
AoMasa sih? Aku tadi tidak memperhatikan sama sekali ketika di kelasAo 'Really? I wasn't paying attention at all in class' R1 : kuarepe dewe koe ki terahe! Aomemang kamu itu semaumu sendiri!Ao 'You are what you want!' R2 : Ngko aku melu kelompokmu ae yo, gek kowe sing ngarap tapine.
Hehehe.
AoNanti aku ikut kelompokmu saja ya, terus kamu yang mengerjakan, heheheheAo "I'll just join your group later, okay, then you do the work, hehehehe" Rizki Amalia Sholihah.
Amir MaAoruf, & Aris Munandar | Language Choice in Brang Kidul Community of Ponorogo.
Indonesia R1 : Ora ritek! AoGak usah!Ao 'No need!' The conversation above shows the BJ-BJP language code selection pattern with the Brang Kidul dialect.
This code can be identified by the vocabulary that characterizes the Javanese Ponoragan Brang Kidul: "alah mendah" and "ritek.
Ay These two vocabularies show the BJP code, which in the BJ code are "mosok" and "usah/sah.
Ay In this conversation, diphthong formations appear in the vocabulary in the BJ code, indicating a change in intonation in the pronunciation, which means it The vocabulary is "uangele,Ay "puol," "nggiatekne," and "kuarepe".
Diphthong .
appears in two vocabularies, namely "uangele" and "kuarepe,Ay then diphthong .
appears in the vocabulary "puol," and diphthong .
appears in the vocabulary "nggiatekne.
Ay The entire vocabulary that contains diphthongs has an exaggerated meaning from the actual meaning of the vocabulary.
Context 2: R3 meets one of the lecturers regarding assignments : Assalamualaikum.
Ustadz.
Lecturer : Waalaikumsalam warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
R3: Afwan Ustadz, ana mengganggu.
Kemarin yang tugas kelompok apakah harus dikumpulkan secara kolektif sebelum UAS? Amargi dereng rampung sedanten, taksih 3 AoMaaf Ustaz, saya mengganggu.
Kemarin yang tugas kelompok apakah harus dikumpulkan secara kolektif sebelum UAS? Karena belum selesai semua, baru 3 kelompokAo AoSorry Ustaz.
I'm disturbing your time.
Yesterday, did the group assignments have to be collected collectively before the final semester test? Because it's still ongoing, there are only three groups.
Lecturer : Yang sudah selesai sebelum UAS, dikumpulkan saja, tidak perlu menunggu Taruh di meja saya.
Mbak.
Omongono kancamu, sing telat ngumpulne bijine AoYang sudah selesai sebelum UAS, dikumpulkan saja, tidak perlu menunggu temannya.
Taruh di meja saya.
Mbak.
Diberitahu temannya, yang terlambat mengumpulkan nilainya akan berbedaAo AuThose who have finished before UAS, collect them.
No need to wait for their Put it on my desk.
Ma'am.
Being told by his friends, those who are late to collect their scores will be different.
Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan R3: Nggih Ustadz, suwun.
AoIya Ustaz, terima kasihAo "Yes Ustaz, thank you" The conversation above shows that there was an event of code-switching carried out by the two speakers, namely R3 and the lecturer.
R3 began his story by greeting and was answered by the lecturer.
The following vocabulary that R3 chose to start his speech was the words "afwan" and "ana" rather than the words "maaf" and "saya.
Ay Then.
R3 continued his sentence using Indonesian, namely "mengganggu.
Ay In the following sentence, in one utterance.
R3 chooses Javanese with a variety of krama identified by the sentence AuAmargi dereng rampung sedanten, taksih three kelompok.
Ay From R3's speech, it can be identified that there are code-switching events with the pattern of choosing BArAeBIAeBJ language codes that occur in semi-formal situations.
The interlocutor .
chooses Indonesian in the first sentence of his speech and then switches to Javanese Ngoko variety in the following sentence: AoOmongono kancamu, sing telat ngumpulne bijine bedoAo.
This lecturer's speech also shows codeswitching with the BI-BJ language code selection pattern.
Context 3: R1 leaves the classroom and talks with his classmates .
ho are mainly not from the Brang Kidul Ponorogo are.
R1: byungalaah udian, angkan arep ngopi neng dalan anyar malih gor, piye ki engko ale arep golek anget-angetan.
Aoaduh hujan, rencana mau ngopi di jalan baru jadi gagal, bagaimana nanti mau cari sesuatu yang hangatAo 'oh, it's raining.
The plan to have coffee on the road just failed.
How about later looking for something warm.
TT .
: omong opoo we ki? Ra jelas blas.
Aongomong apa sih kamu? Tidak jelas sama sekaliAo 'what are you talking about? It's not clear at all' R1: yuuh.
klawus ngene ki.
Aoduh, tidak dapat apa-apa kalau beginiAo 'duh, can't do anything like this' Based on the conversation above, it can be seen that there is vocabulary that shows the existence of two different language codes, namely BJP and BJ.
BJP is shown by R1, namely by the use of the tongue "byungalaah" which means 'ouch,Ao the Rizki Amalia Sholihah.
Amir MaAoruf, & Aris Munandar | Language Choice in Brang Kidul Community of Ponorogo.
Indonesia vocabulary "udian" which has a diphthong .
to emphasize the word "udan" in BJ, "angkan'', "gor", and "ale".
In BJ the word "angkan'' has the same meaning as the word "kekarep" which means 'plan', then the word "gor" in BJ "gak sido" or "ambyar" which means 'failedAo and "ale" in BJ "nek" which means 'if'.
The pattern of language code selection used in this conversation is BJP-BJ.
From the conversation, it is also known if TT needs help understanding some of the vocabulary spoken by R1 due to dialect differences, although it is still in the same language.
This speech is an informal situation that occurs in the realm of education.
There is also the vocabulary "klawus" which means getting nothing or what happens is not as expected.
Context 4: R2 asks for permission to return home from a student event with various backgrounds of other speakers .
here are R1 and R.
R2: teman-teman, maaf saya mohon izin untuk pulang lebih dulu, di rumah nanti malam akan ada acara Yasinan, jadi diminta untuk bantu Ibu.
Everyone, sorry I asked permission to go home earlier at home tonight.
Yasinan event will be held, so I asked you to help me.
TT .
: iya tidak apa-apa.
Silakan pulang dan hati-hati di jalan.
yes, that's okay.
Please go home and be careful on the road R1 .
hispering to R.
: paling cah kui mau dipadoni mboke kon ndang bali.
Aopaling anak itu tadi dimarahi ibunya disuruh cepat pulangAo 'he was scolded by his mother and told to go home quickly' R3 .
lsho whisperin.
: iyo mesti, nggenah kuesit wes ilang Aotentu saja, secepat kilat dia sudah menghilangAo "of course, as fast as lightning he was gone" The context above shows a speech event between R2 and TT using the BI language code.
Then in the same situation.
R1 and R3 spoke using the BJP Ponorogo Brang Kidul dialect.
This is identified by the existence of the vocabulary "dipadoni" which in BJ is "seneni" for ngoko variety and "didukani" for the krama variety, which means 'to be scolded' and the vocabulary "question," which in BJ is "fast" which means 'fast or can also be agile.
' Vocabulary "question" also contains a diphthong .
with the aim of strengthening which means very fast or very agile.
Based on some of the contexts of these conversations, it is known that several patterns of language code selection appear in the speech of students from Ponorogo Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan Brang Kidul in various situations with other speakers, both from the exact origin and from different ones, as excerpted in the Table 3.
Table 3.
Language Code Selection Pattern
Pattern
BJ-BJP
Use Fellow BJ-BJP speakers in non-formal situations, same age, equal
social status
BAr-BI-BJ
BI-BJ
BJP-BJ
BI-BJP
Fellow BJ-BI-BAR speakers in semi-formal situations, different ages .
, and higher social status Fellow BI-BJ speakers in semi-formal situations, different ages .
, and higher social status Fellow BJ speakers in non-formal situations, same age, equal social Fellow BI speakers in semi-formal situations, the same age, equal social status However, when viewed from the form of speech that occurs, the formed patterns do not specifically show a particular pattern, with certain situations, strictly specific The pattern of selecting a new BAr code will appear if the topic of conversation is related to learning Arabic or the interlocutor is also a BAr user.
For example, in context 2, the interlocutor is an Arabic lecturer.
The pattern of using the BI language code can also be recognized if the speaker is in a semi-formal situation with a serious topic of conversation.
And this pattern can appear both with interlocutors who are the same age or older.
The BJ pattern can be reclassified into BJKr for the Javanese Krama code pattern and BJNg for the Javanese Ngoko code The BJKr and BJNg patterns will appear when the speaker deals with interlocutors with age and social status differences.
In Context 1, the BJ-BJP language code pattern chosen by the two is BJNg because the two speakers are the same age and have the same social status, even though the topic of conversation is semi-formal.
Another pattern indicating the choice of the BJKr and BJNg language codes appeared in Context 2 when R3 conversed with an older lecturer with a higher social As a Javanese.
R3 still holds that those considered more advanced .
ge and social statu.
must use the BJKr language pattern.
At the same time, the lecturer continues to use BJNg in his speech because he considers R3 to be younger, so he has no obligation to use BJKr.
The pattern of selecting the language code contained in the four speech contexts of 3 native Javanese speakers of Ponorogo Brang Kidul, according to Sumarsono .
, namely code-switching, code-mixing, and variations in the same language, are as following in Table 4.
Rizki Amalia Sholihah.
Amir MaAoruf, & Aris Munandar | Language Choice in Brang Kidul Community of Ponorogo.
Indonesia Table 4.
Language Code Selection Pattern Based on Speech Context Code Switch Context 2 Lecture: Yang sudah selesai sebelum UAS, dikumpulkan saja, tidak perlu menunggu temannya.
Taruh di meja saya.
Mbak (BI) Omongono kancamu, sing telat ngumpulne bijine bedo (BI code switch to BJ) Context 4 TT: iya tidak apa-apa.
Silakan pulang dan hati-hati di jalan (BI) Student: Paling cah kui mau dipadoni mboe kon ndang bali (BI code switch to BJ) Code Mix Context 2 Student: Afwan Ustadz, ana mengganggu .
ode mixing BA and BI) Kemarin yang tugas kelompok apakah harus dikumpulkan secara kolektif sebelum UAS? Amargi dereng rampung sedanten, taksih 3 kelompok .
ode mixing BI and BJ .
) Lecture: Taruh di meja saya.
Mbak.
Omongono kancamu, sing telat ngumpulne bijine bedo .
ode mixing BI and BJ (Ngok.
Variations in the same language Context 2 Lecture : Omongono kancamu, sing telat ngumpulne bijine bedo.
Student (R.
: Nggih.
Pak.
(Variations in the same language are BJNg and BJK.
Context 3 : byungalaah udian, angkan arep ngopi neng dalan anyar malih gor, piye ki engko ale arep golek anget-angetan.
: omong opoo we ki? Ra jelas blas.
(Variations in the same language are BJP and BJ).
Javanese Ponoragan.
Brang Kidul Dialect, and Factors Affecting Language Code Selection Patterns Based on the four speech contexts the researcher collected, several vocabularies could be identified: the Javanese Ponorogo vocabulary in the Brang Kidul dialect.
This vocabulary difference is quite fundamental compared to standard Javanese, so speakers who are not native speakers have a little difficulty understanding the meaning that speakers want to mean when choosing to use the BJP language code.
The following is a vocabulary list for the Brang Kidul dialect.
In the following Table 5.
Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan I compare BJP Bang Kidul with BJP Brang Lor .
imply selected as I live in the northern part of Ponorog.
, and BJ Standard to see the differences in several vocabularies .
with the same meaning.
Table 5.
Vocabularies Differences BJP Brang Kidul BJP Brang Lor alah mendah BJ Standard usah, sah gak sido, ambyar gak oleh opo-opo diseneni/didukani Meaning no need means that you don't get anything or that what happens doesn't match what you expected Also based on the four speech contexts involving three speakers of the Ponorogo Brang Kidul dialect, factors influencing the choice of language code are:
Interlocutors.
The interlocutor factor influences a speaker in making language If the interlocutor is the same age as the speaker, the speaker will use the same language regardless of the level of speech and the degree of politeness in his Likewise, social status factors, such as being rich and poor, superiors and subordinates, etc.
, affect speakersAo language when making speeches.
Suppose the interlocutor is someone with a different age and social status from the speaker.
that case, the speaker needs to select a language code adjusted to his speech cloud, especially in the culture of the Javanese people who uphold manners in behavior and use of language towards older interlocutors and those with higher social status.
Conversation Topic.
The topic of conversation based on the context of the speech above is one factor that influences the choice of a speaker's language.
When the topic of conversation is in the formal or semi-formal realm, speakers will choose to use the appropriate language, namely Indonesian or Javanese variety of manners.
It's different if the topic of conversation is in the non-formal realm.
So speakers can choose to use the language code used in their speech.
The interlocutor factor and the topic of conversation are the two main factors that determine the choice of language code based on the context of the speech involving Rizki Amalia Sholihah.
Amir MaAoruf, & Aris Munandar | Language Choice in Brang Kidul Community of Ponorogo.
Indonesia three speakers of the Ponorogo language in the Brang Kidul dialect.
The determining factor for choosing this language refers to the theory of SPEAKING (Hymes, 1.
, which includes setting and scene .
ituation, place, and atmosphere of speec.
, participants .
peakers, interlocutors, and listener.
, ends .
urpose of speec.
, acts .
pportunity to spea.
, key .
one of voice and variety of languag.
, instrumentality .
elivery of the speech, spoken and writte.
, norms .
ules of speec.
, and genres .
ypes of activit.
CONCLUSION
Ponoragan Javanese is a dialect used by Javanese-speaking communities in the Ponorogo Regency.
The Javanese Ponoragan dialect is divided into the Brang Kidul.
Brang Lor.
Brang Wetan, and Brang Kulon dialects.
The division of this dialect itself is based on the regions where dialects emerged in four parts of Ponorogo Regency, namely North Ponorogo.
South Ponorogo.
East Ponorogo, and West Ponorogo, which are different from the standard Javanese dialect .
eferring to the Javanese dialects of Solo and Yogyakart.
The language code selection patterns found were BJ-BJP .
ellow BJ-BJP speakers in non-formal situations, same age, equal social statu.
BAr-BI-BJ .
ellow BJ-BI-BAR speakers in semi-formal situations, different ages .
, and higher social statu.
BI-BJ .
ellow BI-BJ speakers in semi-formal situations, different age .
, and higher social statu.
BJP-BJ .
ellow BJ speakers in nonformal situations, the same age, equal social statu.
BI-BJP .
ellow BI speakers in semi-formal situations, same age, equal social statu.
The BJP vocabulary in the Brang Kidul dialect is "alah mendah," "ritek," "byungalaah," "angkan", "gor", "ale", "klawus", "dipadoni", and "kesit.
" The factors that influence language selection based on the context of speech in this study are the interlocutor and the topic of In addition, there is an intonation in the speech of the Javanese speakers of Brang Kidulan, which is different from speakers in other parts of the world, namely the rising tone at the beginning of the utterance and falling at the end.
REFERENCES