ALGEBRA : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN.
SOSIAL DAN SAINS
ISSN : 2807-663X
e-ISSN : 2807-629X Journal Homepage : https://ejournal.
id/index.
php/algebra Volume 5 Number 3 .
INTEGRATING DISASTER MITIGATION INTO URBAN PLANNING FOR RESILIENT
DEVELOPMENT IN SABANG
Muhammad Nur Akmal1.
Risma Sunarty2.
Dzakiyul Mubarrak3 123Program Studi Manajemen Bencana.
Fakultas Teknik.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh.
Banda Aceh.
Indonesia Correspondence Email: Muhammad.
nurakmal@unmuha.
ABSTRACT
This study explores public perceptions regarding the integration of disaster mitigation into urban planning in Sabang, a coastal city in Indonesia highly vulnerable to natural hazards such as tsunamis and earthquakes.
Employing a structured survey administered to 26 stakeholders including local officials, community leaders, and tourists.
The research identifies strong consensus on the importance of embedding disaster risk reduction (DRR) into development strategies.
Findings show that all respondents agreed, with 80.
8% strongly agreeing, that disaster mitigation should be a key component of SabangAos planning processes.
The most critical elements identified were development location, urban spatial planning, support infrastructure, building design, and regulatory frameworks.
Despite this broad support, only 38.
5% of participants believed that current tourism management adequately incorporates disaster risk analysis, revealing a significant gap between perceived necessity and actual These results highlight the need for coordinated, cross-sectoral planning efforts that align policy with public expectations.
The study contributes to resilience discourse by emphasizing the role of stakeholder perspectives in advancing inclusive, risk informed urban development in disasterprone tourist destinations.
Keywords: Disaster Mitigation.
Urban Planning.
Resilience.
Stakeholder Perceptions.
Tourism Management.
Yayasan Amanah Nur Aman Muhammad Nur Akmal et.
all | Integrating Disaster Mitigation into Urban Planning for Resilient Development in Sabang
INTRODUCTION
Disasters have emerged as a critical global challenge, significantly endangering human lives, infrastructure, and economic stability (Ghaffarian et al.
, 2.
The communityAos capacity to respond has been exceeded (Ghaffarian et al.
, 2.
Urban planning that incorporates disaster risk reduction is widely recognized as essential for resilient city development.
(Armaya et al.
, 2.
note that AuIntegrating Disaster Mitigation into Urban Planning for Resilient Development in SabangAy.
particular, integrating hazard mitigation into development plans .
hrough land-use controls, infrastructure design, zoning and policie.
can significantly reduce disaster impacts on communities (Mujahid et al.
, 2.
(Prana et al.
, 2.
(Sintong et al.
, 2.
The growing trend in nature-based tourism has resulted in increased tourist activity in coastal regions, including areas with high disaster risk and a history of tsunami exposure (Rahmafitria et al.
, 2.
Sabang City is a coastal tourist city that was hard hit by the 2004 tsunami(Jihad et al.
, 2.
Its low-lying and rugged terrain makes it vulnerable to earthquakes, tsunamis, and other hazards (Kantamaneni et al.
, 2.
In this context, local authorities have emphasized the need to integrate tsunami risk assessments into urban development strategies to enhance resilience (Akmal et al.
Urban environments are shaped by diverse systems, and planning goals may conflict with disaster risk reduction (Asian Development Bank, 2.
Effective DRR requires coordinated cross-sectoral action that integrates urban planning, environmental management, infrastructure development, and community engagement (March et al.
This collaborative approach ensures that risk reduction strategies are context specific, inclusive, and sustainable, ultimately enhancing the resilience of vulnerable urban populations to future disasters (Amil, 2.
However.
There is limited empirical understanding of how the general public .
ncluding officials, residents and tourist.
perceives the inclusion of disaster mitigation in SabangAos urban planning (Wardana et al.
, 2.
(Rindrasih et al.
, 2.
This study analyzes survey data on public perceptions of disaster mitigation within SabangAos development planning, aiming to reveal key themes in attitudes and awareness.
RESEARCH METHODS
The data source was a structured questionnaire administered to 26 stakeholders in Sabang.
Respondents included local officials, community leaders, and tourists (Table .
Key items were:
Demographics: Gender, age, education, and affiliation.
Question 1 (Q.
: AuDo you agree that disaster mitigation needs to become part of SabangAos development planning?Ay .
-point Likert: Strongly agree.
Agre.
A Question 2 (Q.
: AuWhich aspect is most important in SabangAos development planning related to disaster mitigation?Ay .
pen-ended, multiple aspects could be liste.
A Question 3 (Q.
: AuDo you think tourism management in Sabang already considers disaster risk analysis?Ay .
esponses: Yes.
No.
DonAot kno.
Data were entered into a spreadsheet and analyzed with Python and pandas.
For the Likerttype Q1 item, responses were treated as ordinal data, so results are summarized by frequency and percentage .
ather than mean.
Q2 responses .
ree-text list.
were coded into the following categories based on content: development location, urban spatial planning, support infrastructure, building design, and policy and regulation.
We counted the number of respondents mentioning each aspect.
Q3 .
es, no, donAot kno.
was also summarized by counts and percentages.
Where appropriate, crosstabulations were inspected .
gender vs Q3 respons.
to explore patterns.
No inferential tests were conducted du e to the small sample size.
All analyses rely on descriptive statistics.
Table 1.
Respondent characteristics (N = .
Characteristic Gender Education Category Count Percent Male Female BachelorAos degree MasterAos degree High school Yayasan Amanah Nur Aman Muhammad Nur Akmal et.
all | Integrating Disaster Mitigation into Urban Planning for Resilient Development in Sabang The mean age was 39.
7 years (SD OO 7.
35, range 25Ae.
Respondent roles included local government staff (Tourism Department.
Public Works.
Planning/Bappeda.
Fisheries.
Local Disaster Management/BPBD), community leaders, and both local and foreign tourists .
ach category had 3Ae 4 respondent.
The dataset captures opinions of a heterogeneous group: government officials from tourism, planning and disaster agencies.
community leaders.
and tourists visiting Sabang.
Table 2 and Table 3 present the coded survey responses.
Overall, respondents uniformly support integrating disaster mitigation into planning (Q.
, but views vary on what aspects are most crucial related disaster mitigation planning (Q.
and whether current tourism management is risk-aware (Q.
Table 2.
Responses to Q1.
Agreement that disaster mitigation should be part of SabangAos development planning (N = .
Response Count Percent Strongly agree Agree Table 3.
Top aspects identified in Q2 (N = 26 respondents, multiple aspects allowe.
Aspect Count Development location Percent of Respondents Urban spatial planning Support infrastructure Building design Policy and Regulation Table 4.
Responses to Q3: AuDoes current tourism management consider disaster risk analysis?Ay (N = .
Response Count Percent Yes Do Not Know The survey data reveal a very strong consensus on Q1: all respondents agree .
8% Austrongly agree,Ay 19.
2% AuagreeA.
that disaster mitigation should be part of SabangAos development planning (Table .
For Q2, the most frequently cited aspect was development location, mentioned by 21 of 26 respondents .
8%).
Close behind were urban spatial planning with 19 mentions .
1%) and support infrastructure with 18 .
2%).
Half of respondents .
identified building designand the same number identified policy and regulation as important .
0%).
These categories were not mutually exclusive as respondents could list multiple aspects.
Table 3 reports the count of respondents who mentioned each category.
For Q3 on whether tourism management already incorporates risk analysis, responses were mixed Table 4.
Only 10 respondents .
5%) answered AuYesAy.
Six .
1%) said AuNoAy, and another 10 .
5%) said AuDonAot knowAy.
Thus a majority .
5%) either doubt or are uncertain about whether current policies in tourism account for disaster risk.
A closer look at subgroups suggests possible patterns: for example, local tourist respondents were especially likely to answer AuDonAot knowAy as were foreign tourists, whereas many officials in planning or disaster agencies answered AuYesAy though sample sizes are small, see Section AuDiscussionAy.
Exploratory associations were used due to small sample size, formal statistical tests are limited.
A cross-tabulation of gender by Q3 response .
ot show.
indicates that among males .
, 6 said AuYesAy, 5 AuNoAy, and 3 AuDonAot knowAy.
whereas among females .
, 4 said AuYesAy, 1 AuNoAy, and 7 AuDonAot knowAy.
Thus female respondents were more often uncertain, but the numbers are too small for reliable inference.
Education level and affiliation were similarly reviewed.
for example, all three foreign tourists answered AuDonAot knowAy.
No inferential correlations .
NA tests or regression.
were applied Yayasan Amanah Nur Aman Muhammad Nur Akmal et.
all | Integrating Disaster Mitigation into Urban Planning for Resilient Development in Sabang due to data sparsity.
In summary, the key analytical result is descriptive: unanimous support for mitigation (Q.
, clearly prioritized aspects (Table .
, and a divided view on current risk consideration in tourism (Q.
The integration of disaster mitigation into urban planning in Sabang has garnered unanimous public support, with all respondents affirming its importance and a substantial majority .
strongly agreeing.
This consensus underscores a shared recognition of the need to embed safety measures within the cityAos development strategies.
Key planning priorities identified by respondents include the location of development, urban spatial planning, and supporting infrastructure.
highlighting both physical and governance dimensions as central to effective risk reduction.
However, a significant implementation gap emerges, as only 38.
5% believe that current tourism management adequately incorporates disaster risk considerations, indicating a disconnect between public expectations and perceived policy execution.
Furthermore, stakeholder perspectives vary, with government and disaster agency officials expressing greater confidence in current efforts than community members and tourists, suggesting disparities in awareness and information access across These findings indicate strong public backing for risk-informed planning, with particular emphasis on locational and infrastructural aspects, but with doubts about current implementation.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results align with broader research emphasizing inclusive, risk-aware urban planning (CNAWP et al.
, 2.
(Rezvani et al.
, 2.
(Nahid et al.
, 2.
(Mehryar & Surminski, 2.
The unanimous support for including disaster mitigation mirrors the literature.
A recent review underlines that integrating risk assessments into planning is crucial for resilience (Ventura et al.
(Tagarev et al.
, 2.
(Obike et al.
, 2.
Our respondentsAo prioritization of where to build and how to design infrastructure is sensible for SabangAos context.
SabangAos rugged terrain and limited safe land .
early half the city lies in high-risk zone.
likely make Audisaster mitigation development locationAy salient.
Indeed, (Armaya et al.
, 2.
found that Sabang needs strategic interventions like relocating settlements away from tsunami zones.
The emphasis on urban spatial planning and infrastructure suggests awareness that citywide plans and support systems are critical (Wamsler, 2.
(GODSCHALK et al.
, 2.
(Desouza & Flanery, 2.
(Alexander, 2.
(Karashima & Ohgai, 2.
(Khailani & Perera, 2.
Governments should strengthen touristsAo disaster preparedness by implementing comprehensive guidelines, educational initiatives, and community based engagement programs (Rahmafitria et al.
, 2.
These priorities reflect a multidisciplinary approach to risk reduction (GmbH, 2.
(Dwirahmadi et al.
, 2.
Combining land use planning, building standards, and regulations as identified in global DRR frameworks (King et al.
, 2.
The split in Q3 responses .
nly 39% saying AuYesA.
points to a perceived shortfall in practice.
Many respondents doubt that the tourism sector has fully internalized risk analysis.
This is noTable given SabangAos role as a tourist destination: the management of tourism development may lack transparent risk criteria.
Such a gap is exactly what (Armaya et al.
, 2.
warn against they stress the Auurgent need for integrating tsunami risk assessments into urban development strategiesAy to enhance resilience.
Our data suggest locals recognize the need but see it as not yet fully realized.
Citizens and stakeholders strongly endorse risk reduction in planning, but are uncertain about current implementation in SabangAos tourism development.
This study has several constraints.
The sample is small (N=.
and not a random population It over-represents local officials, community Tables, and visiting tourists.
the everyday resident population may have different views.
Questions were self-reported and potentially subject to social desirability .
specially Q.
The Q2 open-ended format may have missed some aspects if respondents did not recall or list them.
Because respondents were primarily adults engaged with tourism and government, the findings may not generalize to all Sabang citizens .
informal workers or childre.
Finally, analysis was limited to descriptive summaries.
with so few observations, any formal statistical tests would be underpowered.
Building on this work, future studies could employ larger, representative surveys to validate these findings.
Longitudinal research would assess whether perceptions change as policies evolve.
Perception can be defined as an individual's subjective response or evaluation toward an object, event, or information received through the senses, which is then cognitively processed and results in a specific attitude, opinion, or behavior (Liani et al.
, 2.
Qualitative interviews or focus groups could explore why residents feel risk is not adequately considered, or how they envision Comparative studies in other Indonesian tourist cities could reveal whether the Yayasan Amanah Nur Aman Muhammad Nur Akmal et.
all | Integrating Disaster Mitigation into Urban Planning for Resilient Development in Sabang patterns in Sabang are unique or widespread.
Pairing perception surveys with actual policy analysis .
reviewing SabangAos zoning ordinances or disaster management plan.
would clarify the gap between intention and practice.
CONCLUSIONS
This analysis of SabangAos survey data shows clear public support for embedding disaster mitigation in urban planning, with respondents prioritizing location, planning, infrastructure, design, and regulation as key factors.
However, only a minority feel that current tourism management fully incorporates risk analysis.
These findings are consistent with disaster resilience research: urban planning must be inclusive and risk-focused, yet implementation challenges often remain.
In Sabang, stakeholders appear aware of hazards and of the need for safer development, but perceive a shortfall in actual policy integration.
Policymakers and planners should take note of this gap efforts to involve the community and to transparently incorporate risk assessments .
s recommended by recent studie.
may improve both resilience and public confidence.
While limited by sample size, this study highlights that creating safer, more resilient cities begins with the publicAos mindset.
Future efforts should monitor whether the strong public mandate for mitigation (Q.
translates into concrete planning measures on the ground.
BIBLIOGRAPHY