Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia Volume 3.
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DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
61132/jepi.
Available Online at: https://journal.
id/index.
php/jepi Analysis of Potential Economic Sectors in East Kalimantan Province and its Influence on the Superhub of the National Capital Development of the Archipelago Mahsun Putra1*.
Muhammad Saleh2.
Juliansyah Roy3 Faculty of Economics and Business.
Universitas Mulawarman.
Indonesia Author correspondence: mahsunputra@gmail.
Abstract.
This study aims to identify the leading economic sectors in East Kalimantan Province and analyze their influence on the development of the National Capital of the Archipelago (IKN) as an economic superhub.
Using secondary data from 2019Ae2023, the analysis applies Location Quotient (LQ).
Dynamic LQ (DLQ).
Shift-Share, and SWOT methods to evaluate the regional economy.
Results show that the mining and quarrying sector remains dominant, while agriculture and processing industries demonstrate stable potential for sustainable growth.
The study also highlights the urgency of economic diversification, human capital development, and renewable energy as strategic steps to reduce dependence on extractive sectors.
The formation of a collaborative blueprint between regional governments, businesses, and communities with the IKN Authority is proposed to strengthen connectivity and economic integration.
This research provides critical insights for policy formulation to support East KalimantanAos transformation as a central player in national development.
Keywords : Economic potential, location quotient, national capital relocation, economic diversification INTRODUCTION The effort to move the nation's capital city has recently become a hot issue for the global community and the government, especially in East Kalimantan, precisely in Kutai Kartanegara (Kuka.
and Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) as the location for the new capital city to be moved.
The effort to move the nation's capital city (IKN) itself has actually been a government discourse for a long time, but only recently, starting in 2017 through the Ministry of PPN/Bappenas, has the effort been brought up again.
The relocation of the nation's capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan leaves a number of question marks, how will the grand design of a nation's capital city be in the future.
A number of problems are the basis for why the relocation of the capital city must be expedited.
First, population density, especially in the Jakarta area and Java Island.
Second, the development gap between regions which is also a strong reason for the relocation of the nation's capital city (Shalih et al.
, 2.
Economic indicators include economic growth described by GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Produc.
growth and GRDP per capita as one of the important elements and main determinants of the national and regional development process.
A region can grow faster or slower depending on the economic potential of the region and the influence of the surrounding areas and high economic growth is still the main target in the preparation of national and regional development plans.
With economic growth, it is hoped that unemployment and poverty rates will decrease and the level of community welfare will increase (Sjafrizal 2.
Received: Mei 28, 2025.
Revised: Juni 08, 2025.
Accepted: Juni 22, 2025.
Online Available: Juni 25, 2025 Analysis of Potential Economic Sectors in East Kalimantan Province and its Influence on the Superhub of the National Capital Development of the Archipelago Economic indicators are recognized as not fully reflecting the level of welfare due to imperfect calculations and the influence of other factors that affect income levels, so that a welfare indicator is used, namely the Human Development Index (HDI).
The concept of community welfare in the HDI has summarized aspects of health and education, food, clothing and housing into one unit with income levels (Badrudin 2.
Quality economic growth is growth that supports the achievement of higher human development and there is a positive correlation between economic growth and human development which is reflected in the form of improvements in the quality of society (Badrudin 2.
Determination based on economic indicators, especially to see the structure and pattern of popular economic growth, is by conducting economic analysis in the form of Sustainable Potential Products.
This is done by comparing the economic growth of the Province with the average national economic growth as a reference and comparing the growth of East Kalimantan's GRDP.
Determination based on the ability of superior products in the East Kalimantan region in 2010-2021 identified that East Kalimantan Province is a rapidly developing region with characteristics in the Natural Resources (SDA) sector, especially the Mining/Excavation and Oil and Gas sectors.
The problems raised in the medium-term planning document related to the economic structure are that the economic structure of East Kalimantan has not yet moved towards an ideal structure and the role of the processing industry sector is still minimal and has not been able to create extensive employment opportunities.
Dependence on natural resources (SDA) is still high, while the need for handling the quality of human development is very urgent in order to have an impact on economic growth related to the presence of the Indonesian Capital City in North Penajam Paser Regency.
Regarding growth centers, it is also explained that the existing growth centers have not been able to trigger the development of the surrounding areas .
due to limited accessibility and other infrastructure.
Meanwhile, the 6 Superhubs of the Indonesian Capital City (IKN) are the gateway to building economic cooperation with 10 regencies/cities in East Kalimantan.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Theory of Income Distribution Inequality and Disparity The gap or inequality in income distribution can be interpreted as the difference in economic prosperity between the rich and the poor, this is reflected in the difference in income (Baldwin, 1.
Income distribution inequality occurs because of the strong feedback impact and the weak spread impact in developing countries (Jhingan, 1.
Inequality or disparity Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia Ae VOLUME 3.
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between regions is a common occurrence in the economic activities of a region.
This occurs because of differences in natural resource content and differences in demographic conditions in each region.
This difference makes the ability of a region to drive the development process also different.
Therefore, in each region there are usually terms for developed regions and underdeveloped regions (Sjafrizal, 2.
Economic growth Todaro .
and Kuznet in Jhingan .
, initially defined economic growth as a continuous increase in per capita or per worker product, often accompanied by an increase in population and usually also with structural changes.
The definition was then expanded several years later to: a long-term increase in supply capacity with an increasing variety of economic goods provided to its population.
This increased capacity is based on technological improvements and the necessary ideological and institutional adjustments.
Regional Economic Potential Regional economic development can occur due to increased productivity and income in existing economic activities .
, but can also be due to increased productivity and income as a result of the emergence of new business activities .
or there can be development through intensification or extensification.
In such economic conditions, regional tax and levy revenues will certainly increase.
Especially if the government implements a policy of intensification or extensification of regional tax and levy collection (Suparmoko.
Regional Economic Development Regional economic development is a process in which the regional government and the community jointly manage available resources and form a partnership pattern in which the regional government embraces the private sector with the aim of creating new jobs, expanding employment opportunities and stimulating the development of the economic climate in the region concerned (Lincolin Arsyad, 1.
Extractive Economy Extractive economy is a type of economy that relies heavily on the exploitation of natural resources, such as oil, gas, minerals, and forest products, as the main driver of economic According to Acemoglu and Robinson .
, extractive economy is often organized Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia Ae VOLUME 3.
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AGUSTUS 2025 Analysis of Potential Economic Sectors in East Kalimantan Province and its Influence on the Superhub of the National Capital Development of the Archipelago around industries that rely on the extraction of natural resources with little or no attention to the sustainability of those resources.
This sector not only dominates the economies of developing countries, but also contributes greatly to government revenues and exports in many countries, including Indonesia, especially East Kalimantan.
Economic Diversification Economic diversification refers to the process of expanding the economic base of a country or region by developing different industrial sectors.
The goal of economic diversification is to reduce dependence on a particular sector, such as the extractive sector, and to promote more stable and sustainable economic growth.
In the context of countries whose economies are dependent on natural resource commodities, diversification is an important strategy to reduce the risk of commodity price volatility that can cause economic instability.
According to Acemoglu and Robinson .
, economic diversification helps create jobs in various sectors and encourages innovation and long-term economic development that is less vulnerable to global fluctuations.
Theory of the Policy of Moving the Capital City of the Indonesian Archipelago (IKN) The development of the National Capital (IKN) is also part of Development Economics which has 3 .
essential principles that are important to consider in its implementation, namely sufficiency, namely the ability to meet basic needs.
self-esteem, namely being a complete human being.
and freedom from servility, namely the ability to choose.
All of which are in order to achieve the following goals: increasing the availability and expanding the distribution of various basic necessities.
increasing the standard of living.
and expanding economic choices, and others.
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RESEARCH METHODS
Data Types The analysis of this study uses variables in the form of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of East Kalimantan Province.
The data of this study uses secondary data.
The unit of analysis in this study uses GRDP data based on constant prices using the prices of goods and services in the current year, namely in 2019 - 2023.
Data collection technique Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia Ae VOLUME 3.
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The research data uses secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of East Kalimantan Province and Balikpapan City.
This research data uses the GRDP of East Kalimantan Regency/City and the GRDP of East Kalimantan Province with a total of 17 business sectors from 2019 to 2023.
Data Analysis Methods The data obtained is used to determine the leading sectors in the Regency/City of East Kalimantan Province through a combined analysis method of Static Location Quotient (SLQ).
Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ).
Shift Share, and SWOT.
This method aims to compare economic sectors in Balikpapan City with economic sectors in East Kalimantan Province.
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Loqation Questions (LQ) The results of the LQ calculation for East Kalimantan Province, 2019-2023, can be seen in the following table:
Table 1.
LQ East Kalimantan 2019-2023 No.
[Seri 2.
Lapangan Usaha Tahunan Tahunan Tahunan Tahunan Tahunan Pertanian.
Kehutanan, dan Perikanan 0,5542 0,5439 0,5395 0,5432 0,5435 Pertambangan dan Penggalian 6,5231 6,4011 6,3658 6,3619 6,2361 Industri Pengolahan 0,9569 0,9646 0,9666 0,9619 0,9520 0,0575 0,0662 0,0649 0,0637 0,0697 0,5884 0,5957 0,5982 0,6283 0,6377 0,7291 0,7536 0,7705 0,8204 0,8957 0,4206 0,4435 0,4467 0,4556 0,4592 Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas Pengadaan Air.
Pengelolaan Sampah.
Limbah dan Daur Ulang Konstruksi Perdagangan Besar dan Eceran.
Reparasi Mobil dan Sepeda Motor
Transportasi dan Pergudangan 0,6908 0,7663 0,7724 0,7258 0,6903 Penyediaan Akomodasi dan Makan Minum
0,2930
0,3118
0,3098
0,3041
0,2944
Informasi dan Komunikasi
0,2959
0,2903
0,2964
0,2985
0,2933
Jasa Keuangan 0,3538 0,3542 0,3616 0,3914 0,4128 Real Estate
0,3048
0,3025
0,2955
0,3001
0,3055
0,0999
0,1032
0,1062
0,1036
0,1010
0,5090
0,4939
0,5110
0,5407
0,5692
M,N.
Jasa Perusahaan Administrasi Pemerintahan.
Pertahanan dan Jaminan Sosial Wajib Jasa Pendidikan 0,4639 0,4695 0,4857 0,5038 0,5132 Jasa Kesehatan dan Kegiatan Sosial
0,4998
0,5433
0,5642
0,5795
0,5853
R,S,T,U.
Jasa Lainnya 0,2982 0,3042 0,3048 0,3001 0,2900 Source : Analysis Results In the period 2019 to 2023, the Agriculture.
Forestry, and Fisheries sector showed stability in the LQ value, ranging from 0.
54 to 0.
This indicates that this sector has a relatively consistent role in the regional economy, but has not become a dominant base sector.
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia Ae VOLUME 3.
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AGUSTUS 2025 Analysis of Potential Economic Sectors in East Kalimantan Province and its Influence on the Superhub of the National Capital Development of the Archipelago This stability may reflect the dependence of the regional economy on the primary sector which is more limited in contributing added value.
On the other hand, the Mining and Quarrying sector has a much higher LQ value, ranging above 6.
5 in 2019 and decreasing slightly to around 2 in 2023.
This high LQ value indicates that this sector is a very important base sector for the province of East Kalimantan.
However, the decline in the LQ value from year to year indicates a potential decline in the contribution of this sector to the economy of the East Kalimantan region, possibly due to fluctuations in global commodity prices or a decrease in exploration and production activities.
Dynamic Location uotient (DLQ) Table 2.
DLQ East Kalimantan Province 2019-2023 No.
[Seri 2.
Lapangan Usaha Pertanian.
Kehutanan, dan Perikanan Pertambangan dan Penggalian Industri Pengolahan Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas Pengadaan Air.
Pengelolaan Sampah.
Limbah dan Daur Ulang Konstruksi Perdagangan Besar dan Eceran.
Reparasi Mobil dan Sepeda Motor Transportasi dan Pergudangan Penyediaan Akomodasi dan Makan Minum Informasi dan Komunikasi Jasa Keuangan Real Estate M,N.
Jasa Perusahaan Administrasi Pemerintahan.
Pertahanan dan Jaminan Sosial Wajib Jasa Pendidikan Jasa Kesehatan dan Kegiatan Sosial R,S,T,U.
Jasa Lainnya Tahunan Tahunan Tahunan 1,048 0,556 0,037 5,629 2,362 0,570 0,001 1,019 0,723 2,162 4,897 0,422 Tahunan 0,952 0,799 0,730 0,581 Tahunan 1,911 0,847 1,016 3,271 0,709 1,081 0,852 2,344 1,562 1,110 0,266 1,401 3,858 3,219 1,047 -
0,151
0,915
1,228
1,413
0,313
1,100
0,665
0,480
0,265
0,242
0,437
0,521
0,713
0,759
0,295 0,577
0,897
0,533
1,154
1,632
0,257
3,357
0,592
0,757
0,990
4,891
1,459
0,611
0,687
0,768
0,906
2,456
3,067
0,806
0,883
1,540
0,903
3,035
5,369
0,600
0,601
0,622
1,133
1,749
0,733
21,933
1,286
0,553
6,086
1,713
0,736
2,716
1,478
0,758
Source : Analysis Results In addition, the Tourism and Services sector can also be an alternative choice to be This sector has not been recorded in the available LQ data, but the development of nature-based and cultural tourism potential can be a significant new source of income.
The development of tourist destinations, preservation of local culture, and the development of supporting tourism infrastructure can attract more domestic and international tourists.
Thus, the combination of the development of the Agriculture.
Manufacturing Industry, and Tourism and Services sectors can create stronger economic diversification and reduce dependence on the Mining sector, thereby creating a more sustainable economy for the region.
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Shift-Share Analysis (SSA) Table 3.
Ratio of East Kalimantan Province's GRDP and National GDP in 2023 No.
Lapangan Usaha [Seri 2.
Pertanian.
Kehutanan, dan Perikanan 0,1799 0,1127 0,0751 - 0,0672 - 0,0376 Pertambangan dan Penggalian 0,1799 0,1433 0,1350 - 0,0365 - 0,0084 Industri Pengolahan 0,1799 0,1434 0,0779 - 0,0365 - 0,0654 Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas
0,1799
0,1993
0,4947
0,0195
0,2954
Pengadaan Air.
Pengelolaan Sampah.
Limbah dan Daur Ulang 0,1799 0,2743 0,3330 0,0944 0,0587 Konstruksi
0,1799
0,1259
0,3684 - 0,0540
0,2426
Perdagangan Besar dan Eceran.
Reparasi Mobil dan Sepeda Motor
0,1799
0,1650
0,2538 - 0,0149
0,0887
Transportasi dan Pergudangan 0,1799 0,2745 0,2009 0,0946 - 0,0736 Ri-Ra
ri-Ri
Penyediaan Akomodasi dan Makan Minum
0,1799
0,2146
0,2068
0,0347 - 0,0078
Informasi dan Komunikasi
0,1799
0,4984
0,4185
0,3185 - 0,0800
Jasa Keuangan 0,1799 0,1940 0,3258 0,0141 Real Estate
0,1799
0,1476
0,0860 - 0,0323 - 0,0616
M,N.
Jasa Perusahaan 0,1799 0,2365 0,1428 Administrasi Pemerintahan.
Pertahanan dan Jaminan Sosial Wajib 0,1799 0,0851 0,1872 - 0,0948 0,1021 Jasa Pendidikan 0,1799 0,1178 0,1874 - 0,0621 0,0697 Jasa Kesehatan dan Kegiatan Sosial
0,1799
0,4398
0,6056
0,2600
0,1658
R,S,T,U.
Jasa Lainnya 0,1799 0,3101 0,2078 0,1302 - 0,1022 0,1319 0,0566 - 0,0937 Hasil Analisis 2024 Source : Analysis Results The table above illustrates changes in overall national economic activity from 2018 to Based on Ra's calculations, there is an increase of 0.
1766 or 17.
66 percent, which shows that the national economy has grown significantly.
This means that in the last five years, despite various challenges faced, including the COVID-16 pandemic that hit the world in 2020 to 2022, the Indonesian economy has been able to recover and develop.
This economic growth of 17.
percent indicates that economic sectors at the national level have experienced recovery and even gradual improvement from previous conditions in 2018.
This change can be seen as the result of various fiscal and monetary policies implemented by the government in supporting economic recovery, as well as a strong response from the private sector.
Analysis of Regional Growth Components of East Kalimantan Province in 2023 The economy of a region is highly dependent on the economic sectors in the region, where the growth of these sectors is influenced by the components of economic growth, both at the sectoral level and the total of the wider region.
In the Shift-Share analysis, the growth components analyzed include National Growth (PN).
Proportional Growth (PP), and Regional Share Growth (PPW).
The following table displays the components of PN.
PP, and PPW as well as the Net Shift (PB) for East Kalimantan Province, which provides an overview of the contribution of each factor to economic growth in the region.
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AGUSTUS 2025 Analysis of Potential Economic Sectors in East Kalimantan Province and its Influence on the Superhub of the National Capital Development of the Archipelago Table 4.
National Growth Components (PN) and Proportional Growth (PP) PNij Milyar Rp 1 A.
Pertanian.
Kehutanan, dan Perikanan 781,80 17,99% - 2.
159,45
-6,72%
2 B.
Pertambangan dan Penggalian 340,29 17,99% - 7.
992,81
-3,65%
3 C.
Industri Pengolahan 413,24 17,99% - 3.
536,78
-3,65%
47,10
17,99%
5,09
1,95%
40,40
17,99%
21,20
9,44%
072,12
17,99%
- 1.
824,01
-5,40%
619,48
17,99%
381,51
-1,49%
507,32
17,99%
319,20
9,46%
734,01
17,99%
141,51
3,47%
10 J.
Informasi dan Komunikasi
312,39
17,99%
323,93
31,85%
11 K.
Jasa Keuangan No.
Lapangan Usaha [Seri 2.
4 D.
Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas Pengadaan Air.
Pengelolaan Sampah.
Limbah dan Daur Ulang 6 F.
Konstruksi Perdagangan Besar dan Eceran.
Reparasi Mobil dan Sepeda Motor 8 H.
Transportasi dan Pergudangan 9 I.
Penyediaan Akomodasi dan Makan Minum
214,60
17,99%
12 L.
Real Estate
760,46
17,99%
13 M,N.
Jasa Perusahaan Administrasi Pemerintahan.
Pertahanan dan Jaminan Sosial Wajib 15 P.
Jasa Pendidikan 161,21 17,99% 428,62 17,99% PPij
Milyar Rp
95,01
1,41%
136,67
-3,23%
50,71
5,66%
753,07
-9,48%
219,73
17,99%
421,25
-6,21%
16 Q.
Jasa Kesehatan dan Kegiatan Sosial
484,17
17,99%
699,65
26,00%
17 R,S,T,U.
Jasa Lainnya 458,51 17,99% 331,76 13,02% Hasil Analisis 2024 Source : Analysis Results SWOT Analysis Table 5.
SWOT Matrix SWOT Matrix Strengths S-O (Strategy to Maximize Strength to Take Opportunitie.
Utilizing the potential of renewable energy from natural resources .
olar, wind, water, biomas.
Developing ex-mining land into productive areas .
gro-industry, touris.
Weaknesses W-O (Strategy for Overcoming Weaknesses to Take Opportunitie.
Provide incentives to investors to help cover the initial investment costs of renewable energy.
Leveraging stability and local policy support for economic S-T (Strategy to Threats Maximize Strengths to Overcome Threat.
Regulatory uncertainty Encourage the implementation of strong of policies and regulations Encourage public-private collaboration in investment and development of renewable energy Opportunities National Policy Support for EBT and Economic Diversification Potential for creating new jobs in the renewable energy sector Increasing participation in the renewable energy sector Increase public education on renewable energy and economic diversification opportunities.
W-T (Strategy to Minimize Weaknesses and Face Threat.
Overcoming community resistance to transformation with training and empowerment programs.
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renewable energy and Global commodity price regional income.
renewable energy sector.
Using national policy Improving coordination between fiscal government, industry and society to incentives for green accelerate the adoption of renewable economic stability energy technology.
Challenges in Ensuring long-term Develop adequate infrastructure and rehabilitating ex-mining commitment from the technology land due to severe government in implementation ecosystem damage.
environmental and energy energy.
Source : Analysis Results Design/Blueprint of Cooperation between the East Kalimantan Regional Government and the IKN Authority Agency to Strengthen the Economic Superhub in an Effort to Increase Economic Growth in East Kalimantan.
Figure 1.
Diagram of Cooperation between East Kalimantan Province and the IKN Authority The image above can be explained that there needs to be a design of cooperation between 10 Regencies/Cities in East Kalimantan with the IKN Authority Agency / Central Government in terms of supporting the strengthening of the IKN superhub, this design of cooperation or partnership is important, because it can be a compass and roadmap and blueprint for strengthening and supporting the regions of 10 Regencies/Cities for the IKN Nusantara The partnership above can be seen from 3 sectors, namely the Regional Government throughout East Kalimantan, business entities and the community, each carrying out its role and duties, as Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia Ae VOLUME 3.
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with the IKN master plan document in terms of connectivity/infrastructure.
East Kalimantan Regional Business Entity: tasked with creating a business plan to design potential business cooperation with various contractors carrying out development in the IKN related to the IKN Then this business plan is followed up with an action plan with the RKTL (Followup Work Pla.
for various development projects in the IKN.
East Kalimantan Community:
tasked with preparing to strengthen skilled human resources in the field of infrastructure development and Superhub through various training in the community, with such expertise certification, it can then become a supply for skilled workers in the IKN which is indeed very much needed.
Furthermore, the three elements of development, build partnerships or cooperation with the Authority Agency, so that there is reciprocity, between the IKN Authority Agency and the East Kalimantan Regional Government, business entities and absorption of skilled workers in the IKN from the East Kalimantan region to work on various land, sea and air infrastructure projects, so that connectivity from and to the IKN occurs.
including work that supports the IKN Superhub.
So that the three elements can work together to support connectivity and the Superhub with the IKN Authority Agency or the Central Government in general, it is necessary to form an EAST KALIMANTAN REGIONAL FACILITATION TEAM, consisting of various components of executive, legislative, academic and business elements.
East Kalimantan regional facilitation team.
CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis and discussion, the following conclusions and suggestions can be drawn: Infrastructure Development for the Agriculture and Processing Industry Sectors is a sector that can grow the strategic economy of East Kalimantan.
Based on the LQ/DLQ analysis, this sector is included in the Base sector for East Kalimantan Province, as well as an economic sector in the IKN .
Rehabilitation and Management of Ex-Mining Land for Agriculture.
Livestock, and EBT is strategic in order to fulfill these sectors in the Capital City of the Archipelago, as seen in the SWOT analysis.
Improving the Skills and Knowledge of Local Communities in Economic Diversification in an effort to fulfill skilled Human Resources in the Capital City of the Archipelago.
Based on the SSA analysis, the Development of New Renewable Energy (EBT) and Green Financing is a sector that can boost the economic growth Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia Ae VOLUME 3.
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of East Kalimantan, which is relevant to the strategy for fulfilling EBT in the Capital City of the Archipelago.
Economic Diversification Through the Development of Ex-Mining Land Tourism as an effort to increase East Kalimantan's PAD through the Tourism sector.
Strengthening Trade and Logistics to Support the Processing Sector.
Preparation of Regional Regulations on Mining Business Restrictions and Acceleration of East Kalimantan's Economic Transformation.
Design/Blueprint for Cooperation between the East Kalimantan Regional Government and the IKN Authority Agency to Strengthen the Economic Superhub in an Effort to Increase Economic Growth in East Kalimantan.
REFERENCE