Journal of Community Engagement in Health https://jceh.
ISSN: 2620-3758 .
2620-3766 .
https://doi.
org/10.
30994/jceh.
Vol.
8 No 1.
March 2025.
Page.
38 - 44
Enhancing Postpartum Maternal Health through Educational Interventions and Non-Invasive Biomedical Immunology-Based Monitoring in Pagesangan.
Kebonsari.
Surabaya Kholifatul Ummah1*.
Arkha Rosyaria Badrus2.
Miftahul Khairoh3.
Yustisia Amalia4.
Cityta Putri Kwarta5.
Lentera Afrida Kusumawardani6
1,2,3
4,5,6
Bachelor of Midwifery.
Faculty of Health Sciences Dr.
Soetomo University Surabaya Diploma i Blood Bank Technology.
Faculty of Health Sciences Dr.
Soetomo University Surabaya Corresponding author: kholifatul.
ummah@unitomo.
ABSTRACT
The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia remains relatively high, with postpartum infection being one of the leading causes.
The postpartum period is a critical phase during which physiological changes occur, increasing the risk of infection.
However, the lack of adequate maternal health monitoring remains a challenge in the early detection of This study aims to implement health technology-based monitoring using wearable sensors (HRV sensor/smartwatc.
and axillary thermometers to detect changes in maternal body temperature and heart rate variability during the postpartum period.
A total of 20 postpartum mothers, aged 2-14 days, from Pagesangan Subdistrict, were monitored for seven days.
The results showed that the majority of participants .
%) were in good health.
however, two participants .
%) experienced an increase in body temperature above 38AC and unstable HRV, which are early indicators of postpartum infection.
These participants were immediately provided with additional health education and referred to healthcare professionals for further examination.
Meanwhile, the remaining participants continued to receive routine monitoring and education regarding postpartum infection prevention.
The implementation of this community service program demonstrated that health technologybased monitoring is effective in detecting real-time health condition changes, allowing for faster medical interventions and increasing maternal awareness of postpartum health.
The findings suggest that this method can serve as an innovative approach to reducing postpartum infection risks and improving maternal health quality.
Further development and wider application of this approach in other regions are recommended to enhance postpartum care and maternal well-being.
Keywords: Health Technology.
Postpartum Infection.
Postpartum Mothers Received: January 8, 2025 Revised: February 11, 2025 Accepted: March 26, 2025 This is an open-acces article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.
0 International License INTRODUCTION The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia remains relatively high compared to other ASEAN countries.
According to the 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI), the Journal of Community Engagement in Health https://jceh.
ISSN: 2620-3758 .
2620-3766 .
https://doi.
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Vol.
8 No 1.
March 2025.
Page.
38 - 44
MMR reaches approximately 189 per 100,000 live births.
Most maternal deaths occur during the postpartum period, particularly within the first 24 hours to one week after delivery.
The primary causes of postpartum maternal mortality include postpartum hemorrhage .
-50%), postpartum infection .
epsis puerperali.
-20%), preeclampsia and eclampsia .
-15%), pulmonary embolism, and other complications .
%) (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2.
Additionally, many postpartum mothers experience various health complications affecting their well-being and that of their newborns, including postpartum anemia, perineal wound infections, psychological disorders, and breastfeeding difficulties (SDKI, 2.
The postpartum period, defined as the 42 days following childbirth, is crucial for maternal recovery and infant health (Prawirohardjo, 2.
However, the lack of maternal awareness regarding postpartum care remains a significant challenge in Indonesia, increasing the risk of complications such as infections, hemorrhage, and other health disorders (Hayati, 2.
Several factors contribute to the lack of awareness among postpartum mothers, including insufficient education and information, socio-cultural factors, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate mental health awareness (Asa Bayuana, 2.
In practice, postpartum maternal health monitoring is still limited to conventional examinations, which are not entirely effective in the early detection of complications.
Conventional examinations primarily include blood pressure measurement, body temperature assessment, perineal wound inspection, and monitoring of postpartum bleeding and psychological conditions (Asa Bayuana, 2.
Data from the Surabaya City Health Office indicate that many postpartum mothers fail to undergo postnatal health examinations according to recommended standards.
Reports from Kebonsari Public Health Center in Pagesangan Subdistrict reveal that the number of postpartum mothers attending postnatal check-ups remains below the targeted levels (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2.
This lack of awareness regarding postpartum danger signs, such as excessive bleeding, perineal wound infections, and breastfeeding difficulties, may lead to severe complications that increase maternal morbidity and mortality (WHO, 2.
Several previous community service programs have been conducted to improve postpartum maternal health monitoring.
A study by Handayani et al.
focused on conventional postpartum monitoring methods such as home visits and health counseling, which increased maternal awareness but lacked real-time physiological monitoring.
Another study by Nugroho et al.
implemented mobile-based monitoring but did not integrate physiological parameters such as HRV and body temperature.
Meanwhile, research by Sari et .
used wearable health monitoring devices but was limited to a small-scale hospital Compared to these studies, the current program integrates wearable sensor technology with community-based monitoring, allowing for real-time detection of postpartum complications and more effective early interventions.
This approach provides a more comprehensive strategy for reducing postpartum infection risks and improving maternal health outcomes (Task Force of The European Society of Cardiology, 1.
Therefore, educational interventions and health monitoring strategies are needed to enhance maternal awareness and promote optimal postpartum self-care.
Implementing non-invasive biomarker-based monitoring methods, community-based education, and leveraging technology for maternal and infant health monitoring can systematically improve postpartum care services and reduce maternal complications and mortality rates (Bobak, 2.
METHODS
This community service initiative employed an educational and technology-based health monitoring approach, following these stages: The target population comprised all postpartum mothers aged 2-14 days in Pagesangan Subdistrict, with a total sample of 20 respondents.
Journal of Community Engagement in Health https://jceh.
ISSN: 2620-3758 .
2620-3766 .
https://doi.
org/10.
30994/jceh.
Vol.
8 No 1.
March 2025.
Page.
38 - 44
Wearable sensor technology was used to monitor maternal body temperature for seven days using an axillary thermometer.
A temperature above 38AC was considered an indication of potential postpartum infection.
HRV (Heart Rate Variabilit.
sensors in the form of smartwatches were utilized to continuously record heart rate fluctuations.
Table 1.
Activity Planning Activity Plan Output Indicators Preparation for Socialization Identification and recruitment of postpartum mothers 20 postpartum mothers registered as .
ged 2Ae14 day.
in Pagesangan Village research respondents Socialization on the use of wearable sensors and Postpartum mothers understand how to axillary thermometers for postpartum mothers use the monitoring devices Distribution of wearable sensors (HRV All postpartum mothers receive sensor/smartwatc.
and axillary thermometers monitoring devices Monitoring Implementation Monitoring postpartum mothers' body temperature Daily body temperature data recorded for 7 days using an axillary thermometer Continuous HRV monitoring using a smartwatch Daily heart rate data recorded Identification of postpartum infection signs Data on potential postpartum infections .
emperature >38AC.
HRV change.
Evaluation and Education Report on postpartum mothers' health Analysis of temperature and HRV monitoring data monitoring results Education for postpartum mothers on infection Increased postpartum mothers' prevention and management understanding of postpartum health Coordination with healthcare Presentation of results to local healthcare professionals for high-risk case followprofessionals RESULTS Table 2.
Activity Results from Day 1 to Day 7 Day Date Type of Activity Number of Participants Activity Results Socialization on the use of All participants understood wearable sensors and axillary January 20 postpartum how to use the devices b.
All thermometers b.
Distribution 13, 2025 monitoring devices .
hermometer & smartwatc.
January First-day monitoring of body 20 postpartum First-day body temperature and 14, 2025 temperature and HRV HRV data recorded January Second-day monitoring of 20 postpartum Second-day body temperature 15, 2025 body temperature and HRV and HRV data recorded January Third-day monitoring of body 20 postpartum Third-day body temperature and 16, 2025 temperature and HRV HRV data recorded Journal of Community Engagement in Health https://jceh.
ISSN: 2620-3758 .
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Number of Activity Results Participants January Fourth-day monitoring of 20 postpartum Fourth-day body temperature 17, 2025 body temperature and HRV and HRV data recorded Two participants had a body January Fifth-day monitoring of body 20 postpartum temperature >38AC.
18, 2025 temperature and HRV received education and were referred to medical personnel All participants continued to be January Sixth-day monitoring of body 20 postpartum monitored, with no further 19, 2025 temperature and HRV temperature increases All Evaluation of monitoring January 20 postpartum education, and monitoring results and education on 20, 2025 results were shared with postpartum infection healthcare professionals Date Type of Activity Table 3.
Monitoring Results of Participants Based on Body Temperature and HRV Over 7
Days Day
Participants with Normal
Participants with Follow-Up Actions Temperature and HRV
Temperature >38AC or Unstable HRV
(%)
(%)
Initial education on health monitoring Continue temperature & HRV monitoring More intensive monitoring for 1 Education on postpartum infection Recommendation for medical examination Two participants with temperature >38AC referred to medical Additional education & coordination with healthcare providers Based on Table 1.
3, the percentage of postpartum mothers experiencing unstable HRV was 5% on the third day.
On the fourth day, 5% of postpartum mothers exhibited signs of postpartum infection.
On the fifth day, 10% of postpartum mothers experienced HRV On the sixth day, 10% of postpartum mothers had an increase in body temperature Journal of Community Engagement in Health https://jceh.
ISSN: 2620-3758 .
2620-3766 .
https://doi.
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Vol.
8 No 1.
March 2025.
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38 - 44
exceeding 38AC, and on the seventh day, 10% of postpartum mothers exhibited both HRV instability and an increase in body temperature above 38AC.
DISCUSSION