A study on studentsAo vocabulary size at junior and senior high school students Mey Indriyani1.
Cucu Sutarsyah2.
Budi Kadaryanto3 Universitas Lampung.
Jl.
Prof.
Dr.
Soemantri Brojonegoro No.
Bandar Lampung123 Correspendance e-mail: meiindriani00@gmail.
ABSTRACT
This research aims to find out the vocabulary mastery of students in Junior and Senior High School consisted of State and Private School.
Those schools were located in Bandar Lampung and Tanggamus.
The curriculum has set the amount of the vocabulary size should be mastered by students.
However, there is no specific test designed by the curriculum to measure studentsAo vocabulary size.
To answer these questions, survey method has .
been used in order to find out studentsAo vocabulary size in Junior and Senior High School.
The researcher used The Vocabulary Level Test developed by Webb et.
The 6000 Level Vocabulary Level Test by Beglar .
, and questionnaire consisted of studentsAo demography and perception.
The research shows almost all of the schools involved in this study were passed the curriculum.
The result found that the schools who got high score were SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung .
0 word.
from Senior High School and SMP Al-Kautsar .
5 word.
from Junior High School.
The research also found there are some differences of the vocabulary size between the students of State / Private School and Urban / Non-urban school.
In conclusion, there are some factors that indicated influence studentsAo vocabulary size.
learning facility.
English course participation, studentsAo experience in learning English, and etc.
Keywords: Vocabulary size.
Vocabulary Level Test.
High School
INTRODUCTION
Vocabulary is form of word that has a meaning.
Firda, et al.
stated vocabulary is the core of a language which is also the core for students to speak, listen, read, and write well.
Mastering vocabulary is extremely important for the students.
Since vocabulary is one of the crucial part of language which support students in learning the language.
Moreover, mastering vocabulary in large number will help students in developing their language ability.
(Sutarsyah.
Improving English skill can be done by enriching vocabulary.
Nagy .
said increasing vocabulary is the basic phase in the education process.
Furthermore.
Nagy stated that the lack of vocabulary brings obstacles for students.
Since the vocabulary is the foundation of language learning, it involved in every part of the language.
Therefore, it is important for the students to improving and increasing their vocabulary mastery.
Vocabulary size test purposed to provide an estimation of vocabulary size for second and foreign language learners in both general and academic English.
By knowing the vocabulary size of the learners, the teacher can estimate how far the previous learning is achieved.
The vocabulary size measurement is significant in planning, diagnosis, and research.
To design and developing studentAos vocabulary, it is extremely crucial to know the extent to which the vocabulary mastered by students (Nation & Beglar, 2.
The size of studentsAo vocabulary can also be a reference for the teacher in mapping out the upcoming teaching learning activity.
According to Ghaedi & Shahrokhi .
, vocabulary is the essential factor in a language since most of the meaning is lexically delivered.
Mastering numerous vocabularies can support students improving another part in a language.
As stated by Kurniawan .
, vocabulary is the heart of the language.
Words are the most significant element used in language.
Shortly, vocabulary is a component in word form that builds the language.
Testing vocabulary to the students can motivates them to study, since the test is exhibit their knowledge and progress in learning new words (Machmud, 2.
The teachers can use the result of the test as a reference in defining the learning strategies to be applied in the next learning activity.
Vocabulary size refers to the number of words that a person knows.
According to Srimongkontip & Wiriyakarun .
, the vocabulary range used in daily communication is around 3,000 to 10,000 words.
Quezada .
said studentsAo vocabulary size is important as it was the determiner of their comprehension in English.
Having large vocabulary size means students are more capable in learning the language.
Vocabulary level is the extent of vocabulary mastery possessed by learners.
Nur in Nation .
, stated that there have been two types of frequency counts of university texts.
There are basic vocabulary or the most frequent vocabulary used (General Service Lis.
, and low frequent vocabulary (Academic Word List and Technical Term/Off Lis.
VLT developed by Webb.
Sasao, & Ballance .
comes with 5 levels that will measure vocabulary knowledge at the 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 levels.
There are 2 forms of the test, which are A and B in the newest version of VLT by Webb.
Sasao, & Ballance .
The updated VLT by Webb.
Sasao, & Ballance .
used matching format with 10 3-items clusters per level .
hree keys and three distractor.
and three definitions at each level of the test.
The test is used to measure test takers' knowledge of the same proportions of nouns, verbs, and The definition of perception based on Robbins and Judge .
is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to make sense of their According to Irwanto .
, perception divided into.
Positive Perception Positive perception is a perception describes all knowledge and responses that continue with the effort to use it.
Furthermore, positive perception is positive interpretations that involve human evaluating something around them.
Negative Perception Negative perception is a perception that describes all knowledge and responses that are not in harmony with the object in perception.
It will proceed with passivity or reject and oppose the perceived object.
Thus, positive or negative perception will always affect person to do an action and it depends on how person describe any knowledge of an object that is perceived.
Perception is determined by individual perception and situational factors (Fuady et.
al, 2.
According to Fuady et.
, some factors influence a person's perception as follows:
Internal Factors: feelings, attitudes, desires or hopes, attention .
, learning process, physical state, psychiatric disorders, values and needs are also interests and motivation.
External Factors: family background, sex, information obtained, knowledge, intensity, size, resistance, repetition and motion, new and familiar things, or alienation of an object.
A study conducted by Srimongkontip & Wiriyakarun .
shows the vocabulary size mean scores of 12th grade Thai-English Bilingual Program in The Suksa Bilingual School U-JET.
Vol 12.
No 3, 2023 knowledge is still below the required target both Academic Word List level (AWL) and studentsAo depth of vocabulary.
Other research done by Sudarman & Chinokul .
shows the students only possessed around 1,273 word families.
The study also indicates the studentsAo vocabulary mastery is still low.
The students could not pass the 2,000 or 3,000 high frequency word level and the academic vocabulary level.
The previous studies showed that students cannot gain the target vocabulary size that ideally should be mastered by the students.
The research was needed to find out the vocabulary mastery of State and Private of SMA and SMP Students in Bandar Lampung and Tanggamus and studentsAo perception towards vocabulary mastery.
The result of this research was expected as a reference for teachers and students in improving vocabulary mastery II.
METHOD
This research was conducted through quantitative method.
Sugiyono .
defines quantitative method as a method that used numbers in represent the data and analyzed by statistics.
The researcher aims to find the level and the size of studentsAo vocabulary that currently in middle and high school.
The data of the research obtained from studentsAo scores in Vocabulary Level Test and the questionnaire.
The populations involved in this research were SMA N 2 Bandar Lampung.
SMA N 1 Sumberejo.
SMA Al Kautsar Bandar Lampung.
SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting.
SMP N 22 Bandar Lampung.
SMP N 1 Gisting.
SMP Al Kautsar Bandar Lampung, and SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting.
The schools located in Bandar Lampung and Tanggamus.
Lampung.
The sample of this study was represented by one class from each grade.
In estimating the vocabulary size mastered by the students, the researcher used the formation below:
For example: 1000 word level .
0 x 85%) = 850 words In analyzing the data, this study applied numerical descriptive statistic.
Numerical statistic descriptive is defining the mean, the minimum and maximum score, and standard deviation.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
RESULT
The research was conducted in order to measure studentsAo vocabulary size.
Table 3 below shows SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung got the highest score of the vocabulary size which is 5340 words, while SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting got the lowest score of 3801 words.
In other side, from all of the SMPs School.
SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung got 4275 words as the highest score, and the lowest score gained by SMP Muhammadiyah Gisting with the score of 2910 words.
Table 3.
The Result of the Vocabulary Test SMA (Grade 12t.
SMP (Grade 9t.
SMA N 2
Bandar
Lampung
SMA N 1
Sumberejo
SMA AlKautsar
Bandar
Lampung
SMA
Muhammadiyah
Gisting SMP N 22
Bandar
Lampung
SMP N
Gisting SMP AlKautsar
Bandar
Lampung
SMP
Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting 4130 words 3801 words 2910 words U-JET.
Vol 12.
No 3, 2023 words The Students Vocabulary Size Senior High School Students Chart 4.
1 shows the overall amount of SMA (State and Privat.
studentsAo vocabulary size from 4 schools in Bandar Lampung and Tanggamus.
The highest score achieved by SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung by obtaining 5340 words.
Otherwise.
SMAN 1 Sumberejo got 3801 words which also categorized as the lowest.
School SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung SMAN 1 Sumberejo SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting Vocabulary Size .
Junior High School Students As the SMP who got the highest score.
SMP Al-Kautsar got 4275 words as shown in Chart 4.
The lowest score was from SMP Muhammadiyah Gisting that gained 2910 words.
School SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung SMP Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung SMPN 1 Gisting SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting Vocabulary Size .
Questionnaire This part deals with the result of the questionnaire that has been filled by SMA and SMP Demography A Gender Schools Senior High School Junior High School SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung SMAN 1 Sumberejo SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung SMP Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung SMPN 1 Gisting SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting Gender .
Male Female A Participation in English Course Schools Senior High School Junior High School SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung SMAN 1 Sumberejo SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung SMP Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung SMPN 1 Gisting SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting U-JET.
Vol 12.
No 3, 2023 Participation .
Yes
A Facility in Learning English
School
Senior
School
Junior
School
High
High
SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung
SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar
Lampung
SMAN 1 Sumberejo
SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung
SMP
Al-Kautsar
Bandar
Lampung
SMPN 1 Gisting SMP
Muhammadiyah
Gisting Very Complete Complete Incomplete Less Complete A Duration in Learning English
School
Senior High
School
Junior High
School
SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung
SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar
Lampung
SMAN 1 Sumberejo
SMA
Muhammadiyah Gisting SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung SMP Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung SMPN 1 Gisting SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting Duration .
During English class
Perceptions School
Senior High
School
Junior High
School
Senior High
School
Statements SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung
SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar
Lampung
SMAN 1 Sumberejo
SMA
Muhammadiyah Gisting SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung SMP Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung SMPN 1 Gisting SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting I like SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung I enjoy with the way my teacher U-JET.
Vol 12.
No 3, 2023
English
Strongly Agree
Responses Agree
Disagree Strongly Disagree Junior High
School
SMAN 1 Sumberejo
SMA
Muhammadiyah Gisting SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung SMP Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung SMPN 1 Gisting SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting Discussions According to table 6 it has been found that from SMA schools only SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting whose not pass the curriculum requirement as the score of their vocabulary size is 3801 which still below the requirement.
In other side, all of the SMP schools were passed the curriculum expectation.
Table 6.
Vocabulary Size Result SMA (Grade 12t.
SMA N 2 Bandar Lampung Curriculum Expectation: 4000 words SMA N 1 SMA AlSMA Sumberejo Kautsar Muhammadiyah Bandar Gisting Lampung 4130 words 3801 words not pass SMP (Grade 9t.
Curriculum Expectation: 1500-3000 words SMP N 22 SMP N SMP AlSMP Bandar Kautsar Muhammadiyah 1 Lampung Gisting Bandar Gisting Lampung 2910 words The vocabulary size of State SMA students in Bandar Lampung and Tanggamus From the research that has been conducted, it was revealed that SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung got bigger vocabulary size than SMAN 1 Sumberejo.
The vocabulary size for SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung is 5340 words, while 4130 words for SMAN 1 Sumberejo.
There is a difference of SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung vocabulary size with the study conducted by Afriando .
The study showed the vocabulary sizes of SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung were 3416 for MIA class and 3317 for IIS class which means the students did not achieve the curriculum requirement at that In conclusion according to the result, the vocabulary size of SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung and SMAN 1 Sumberejo were passed the curriculum requirement which is 4000 words for SMA The research shows SMAN 2 students positive perception towards the statement English as favorite subject as the students mostly were chose option 1 and 2.
The study also found that the external perception factor, knowledge, may contribute to the difference of studentsAo vocabulary mastery, since the number of the participation of English course in both school is quite differ.
The vocabulary size of Private SMA students in Bandar Lampung and Tanggamus The study found that the vocabulary size of SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung is higher than SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting.
The average vocabulary size of SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung is 5027 words and the vocabulary size of SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting is 3801 The study of Afriando .
showed the vocabulary sizes of SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung in IIS and MIA class were 2761 and 2632 words means the school was not achieve the curriculum requirement since the score was still below 4000 words.
U-JET.
Vol 12.
No 3, 2023 According to the result SMA Al-Kautsar passed the curriculum requirement with the score of However.
SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting did not fulfill the curriculum requirement.
The positive perception towards the statement of English as favorite subject was found in this research as most of the students of SMA Al-Kautsar were chose option 1 and 2.
The statement of the way the students are enjoying their teacher teaches or not found to have positive statement similar with previous case.
The knowledge as the external factors of studentsAo perception also indicated contributing on studentsAo vocabulary mastery difference, as the study found the different amount of students who are join English course or not.
The vocabulary size of State SMP students in Bandar Lampung and Tanggamus The vocabulary size of SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung is 4054 words, which is higher than the vocabulary size average of SMPN 1 Gisting that is 3221 words.
The external factors of perception which is knowledge, found to be a factor that differ students vocabulary mastery.
Similar with previous case, there are big difference number between the students who participate in English course and those who did not participate.
As much as 11 students of SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung were joining English course, while only 2 students of SMPN 1 Gisting who were taking English course.
The previous study conducted by Novianti .
stated that there is no difference of vocabulary size between students who take English course and those who had not.
However, the study revealed that there is a possibility of studentsAo vocabulary size difference regarding their participation in English course.
The vocabulary size of Private SMP students in Bandar Lampung and Tanggamus The vocabulary size of Private SMP in Bandar Lampung and Tanggamus seems to looks very SMP 1 Muhammadiyah Gisting only got 2910 words, which means lower.
On the flip side.
SMP Al-Kautsar got 4275 words that also categorized as the biggest from all SMP that participated in this research.
The factor that probably causes SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting students to have lower vocabulary size is the participation in English course.
Out of 30 students, only 1 student who was joined an English course.
On the contrary, the amount of students in SMP Al-Kautsar who join English course is bigger than who not join.
16 students were stated yes, and 12 students were stated no with the statement whether they are participating in an English course or not.
It means that the external factor of perception .
may contribute to the difference of student vocabulary mastery.
The students joined English course seems to have high score.
Again, the study proved that there is difference vocabulary size between the students who participate in English course and those who did not participate.
SMP Al-Kautsar shows positive perceptions towards the statement whether they are enjoy with their teachersAo way in teaching as most of the students were chose option 1 and 2.
The vocabulary size of State and Private SMA students in Bandar Lampung The vocabulary size of SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung and SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung was slightly different.
SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung got 5340 which is bigger than SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung who got 5027.
In the study conducted by Afriando .
SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung also got the highest vocabulary size compared to other schools in Bandar Lampung.
Both of SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung and SMA Al-Kautsar showed positive perception toward the statements of English as favorite subject and their perception to their English teacher way The vocabulary size of State and Private SMA students in Tanggamus SMAN 1 Sumberejo seems to have more vocabulary size than SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting.
SMAN 1 Sumberejo got 4130, while SMA Muhammadiyah Gisting got 3801.
Referring to the U-JET.
Vol 12.
No 3, 2023 curriculum.
SMA Muhammadiyah cannot fulfill the curriculum requirement since the size of the vocabulary is still below 4000 words.
The vocabulary size of State and Private SMP students in Bandar Lampung SMP Al-Kautsar got 4275 in the vocabulary size test which is bigger than SMP 22 Bandar Lampung that got 4054.
Generally, state school is assumed as superior school rather than private However, the result proved that private school can be more superior to state school.
Therefore, there should be a further research to prove the statement above.
Both of SMP 22 and SMP Al-Kautsar showed positive perception toward the statement of whether the students are enjoying the way their teacher teaches.
This may be related to the results of the vocabulary mastery scores from the two schools which were higher than the other two schools.
The vocabulary size of State and Private SMP students in Tanggamus SMPN 1 Gisting got 3221 in the vocabulary size test.
It was quietly bigger than SMP Muhammadiyah Gisting that got 2910 words.
There are assumption that state school is has better performance rather than private school.
According to the result above, the assumption is proved.
Another factor that influences studentsAo vocabulary size is studentsAo perception toward their English teacher.
The study revealed as much as 16 students of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gisting stated the way their English teacher teach is less pleasant, 11 students stated pleasant, and the rest of 3 students stated very pleasant.
In the other side.
SMP Al-Kautsar showed positive perception with the statement of the way their English teacher teaches.
It implies that the teacher plays an important role in studentsAo vocabulary size enhancement.
Therefore, improving or modifying the learning activity can be done in order to make significant improvement on studentsAo vocabulary size.
IV.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
Based on the results of the data analysis and discussion, the researcher would like to conclude as State & Private Schools There is an assumption stated state school is better than private school.
However, the research found that the private school (SMP Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampun.
got the highest score of vocabulary size, beating two state schools.
Therefore, it can be conclude that private school can has good performance rather than state school, obviously with the support of several factors like learning facility, effective teaching method, friendly school environment, etc.
Bandar Lampung & Tanggamus Schools Schools in Bandar Lampung as a school located in urban area are assumed to have good performance rather than non-urban area schools which are Tanggamus schools.
As what have been found on the study.
SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung got the highest score of vocabulary size among all of the SMAAos schools included in the research, followed by SMA Al-Kautsar Bandar Lampung in the second place.
Meanwhile, in the level of SMP.
SMP Al-Kautsar is the school who got the highest score of vocabulary size followed by SMPN 22 Bandar Lampung.
One of the factors that influence studentAos vocabulary size in urban and non-urban area is the facility in learning English.
The students in urban area tend to have more access to various facility rather than the students in non-urban area.
Apart from that, the study found that the participation in English course of the students in non-urban area is lower than the students in urban area.
The lower participation of English course may cause by the least number of English language course institutions in non-urban area and the lack of student interest in taking English U-JET.
Vol 12.
No 3, 2023 Suggestions are given to the participants who are closely related to this research.
The suggestions are made based on the conclusions of this research.
They are presented as follows:
For teachers Based on the analysis of the result, it was found that there are some students that do not feel pleasant with the way the English teacher teaches.
Considering those finding, the English teachers suggested to upgrade or modify the teaching styles or visualize the materials in case to make the students fully engaged in learning activity.
For further researchers The research still needed further improvement.
For further researchers who want to conduct related to the recent research are suggested to add more level of the vocabulary size in order to know how wide the vocabulary mastered by the students.
Another suggestion for further researcher is involving more participants to give more variation of the data.
REFERENCES