TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY OF SPEECH ACTS
FOUND IN A WRINKLE IN TIME MOVIE
Salsabila Baiqlis Ramadhanti1
Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
salsabilaramadhan2@gmail.com1
Evert Haryanto Hilman2
Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
evhilman@yahoo.com2
Maftuchah Dwi Agustina3
Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
maftuchahdwiagustina@yahoo.co.id3

ABSTRACT
This research examined the classification of speech acts, the
classification of translation techniques used by the translator in
transferring speech acts, and the translation quality found in A Wrinkle
in Time movie. Descriptive qualitative method used in this research.
The source data was taken from English script and Indonesian subtitles
of A Wrinkle in Time (2018) movie using Yule, Molina and Albir, and
Nababan et al.’s theories. Based on the results, there were five
classifications of speech acts that found in 108 data; representative 46
data (42.6%), expressive 27 data (25.0%), directive 24 data (22.3%),
commissive 6 data (5.5%), and declaration 5 data (4.6%). Then, there
were twelve classifications of translation techniques that found in 150
data; literal translation 70 data (47.0%), reduction 24 data (16.0%),
linguistic compression 14 data (9.3%), generalization 8 data (5.3%),
amplification 8 data (5.3%), established equivalent 8 data (5.3%),
borrowing 5 data (3.3%), modulation 5 data (3.3%), compensation 4
(2.7%), discursive creation 2 data (1.3%), adaptation 1 (0.6%), and
adaptation 1 (0.6%). The results of the data have translation quality in
three aspects; accuracy, acceptability, and readability.
Keywords: speech acts, translation techniques, translation quality

1. INTRODUCTION
Movies are something that is loved
by many people almost all over the
world. One of the most famous English

movies from Walt Disney Pictures is A
Wrinkle in Time, produced in 2018 in
the fantasy and adventure genre. In the

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movie, there are conversations that are
spoken
by
the
actors.
The
conversations will lead to speech acts
in which every spoken word and speech
act itself is an utterance that also
contains the action. According to (Yule,
1996) stated that, “the actions that are
expressed through an utterance can be
called a speech act.” In addition, Yule
also explained that speech acts are
classified into five types, declaration,
representative, expressive, directive,
and commissive.
Translation can be found in the
subtitles of the movie. As we know, a
subtitle is the translated text that
appears underneath in the movie.
According
to
(Larson,
1998),
“translation is the process of
transferring the meaning of the source
language into the target language.”
People who do not use English as their
daily language can use the translation
of the subtitles to understand every
speech act spoken by the actors in A
Wrinkle in Time movie. In carrying out
translations, such as in subtitles,
sometimes a translator finds obstacles
to translating text in the source
language toqc the target language, as
in the translation of every word or even
in a sentence. As a result, translation
techniques are required to help
translators translate a micro textual
unit from the source language to the
target language.
The translation technique can
assist
translators
in
identifying
equivalence in micro textual units from
the source language to the target
language. The translation technique
seeks to achieve the results of
transferring meaning from the source
language to the target language in
order to make people understand more

easily. According to (Molina & Albir,
2002), translation techniques are
classified into eighteen. The translation
quality assessment has the goal of
producing a model for assessing the
quality of translation from English into
Indonesian.
Furthermore,
the
translation quality assessment results
must be considered to determine
whether the translation is suitable for
delivery into the target language or
not. According to (Nababan et al.,
2012), translation quality assessment
has three aspects and they are
accuracy, acceptability and readability.
This research aimed to analyze
translation techniques and translation
quality of speech acts found in A
Wrinkle in Time movie. Therefore, this
research is needed to help understand
the meaning contained in speech acts
from the source language and how it
can be translated into the target
language appropriately and naturally.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Speech Act theory
Speech act is a branch of
pragmatics. Speech act itself is an
utterance that also contains the action.
According to (Yule, 1996) stated that,
“the actions that are expressed through
an utterance can be called a speech
act.” Five classifications of speech act
based
on
Yule’s
theory:
1) Declarations are those kinds of
speech acts that can change the world
via utterance. 2) Representatives are
those kinds of speech acts that state
what the speaker believes to be a case
or not. 3) Expressives are those kinds
of speech acts that state what the
speaker feels. 4) Directives are those
kinds of speech acts that speakers use
to get someone else to do something.

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5) Commissives are those kinds of
speech acts that speakers use to
commit themselves to some future
actions. (p.53-54)
2.2 Translation Technique
According to (Molina & Albir, 2002)
translation techniques, “we define
translation techniques as procedures to
analyse and classify how translation
equivalence works.” Based on Molina
and Albir’s theory, they describe
eighteen classifications of translation
techniques, but this research focused
on twelve translation techniques,
1) Adaptation, to replace a ST cultural
element with one from the target
culture. 2) Amplification, to introduce
details that are not formulated in the
ST:
information,
explicative
paraphrasing. 3) Borrowing, to take a
word or expression straight from
another language. Two types of
borrowing techniques: pure borrowing
(without any change) and naturalized
borrowing (to fit the spelling rules in
the TL). 4) Compensation, to introduce
a ST element of information or stylistic
effect in another place in the TT
because it cannot be reflected in the
same place as in the ST. 5) Discursive
creation, to establish a temporary
equivalence
that
is
totally
unpredictable
out
of
context.
6) Established equivalent, to use a
term or expression recognized (by
dictionaries or language in use) as an
equivalent in the TL. 7) Generalization,
to use a more general or neutral term.
8) Linguistic compression to synthesize
linguistic elements in the TT. This often
used in simultaneous interpreting and
subtitling. 9) Literal translation, to
translate a word or an expression word
for word. 10) Modulation, to change
the point of view, focus or cognitive

category in relation to the ST; it can be
lexical or structural. 11) Reduction, to
suppress a ST information item in the
TT. 12) Substitution, to change
linguistic elements for paralinguistic
elements (intonation, gestures) or vice
versa. (p.509-511)
2.3 Translation Quality Assessment
The translation quality assessment
has three aspects based on Nababan et
al., and the three aspects are accuracy,
acceptability, and readability.
Accuracy. Accurate has 3 scores,
the words, technical terms, phrases,
clauses, sentences in SL are translated
into TL in accurately and no distortion
meaning. Less accurate has 2 scores,
part of SL words, technical terms,
phrases, clauses and sentences are
accurately translated into TL, however
there are double, distortion or deleted
of the meaning. Not accurate has 1
score, the words, phrases, clauses and
sentence in the SL are inaccurately in TL
or deleted.
Acceptability. Acceptable has 3
scores, translation is natural; the
technical terms used are commonly
and intimate to the reader such as
phrases, clauses and sentences used
are appropriate with Indonesian
grammar. Less acceptable has 2 scores,
in general translation is natural but has
a slight problem the use of technical
terms or a few grammatical errors. Not
acceptable has 1 score, translation is
unnatural, the technical terms used are
not familiar to the reader in phrases,
clauses and sentences used are not
appropriate with the rules of the
Indonesian grammar.
Readability. High readable has 3
scores, the words, technical terms,
phrases,
clauses,
sentences
or

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translated texts can be easily
understood by readers. Less readable
has 2 scores, translation can be
understood by reader, but there are
several parts that must be read over to
understand the translation. Low
readable has 1 score, translation is
difficult for readers to understand.
(p.50-51)
2.4 Previous studies
The previous studies have looked
into the same objectives to be analyzed
and they are speech acts and
translation techniques. The first
previous study is by (Tambunan, 2020).
Five kinds of illocutionary acts are
found in this research and eight
translation techniques are also found in
it. The second previous study is by
(Mardiana, 2017). Five kinds of
illocutionary acts are found in this
research, several translation techniques
are obtained in this research, and the
translation technique that appears the
most is literal translation. The third
previous study is by (Hastuti et al.,
2021). This research focused to analyze
the illocutionary acts and found four
types of illocutionary acts. The fourth
previous study is by (Halid, 2021). This
research only focused on expressive
speech acts.
3. RESEARCH METHOD
This research used the descriptive
qualitative method. According to
(Bogdan & Biklen, 2007) “qualitative is
descriptive, the data collected take the
form of words or pictures rather than
numbers.” The data for this research
was taken from the English movie script
and Indonesian subtitles of A Wrinkle in
Time movie.
Before analyzing the data, there
are several steps in collecting data:

watching A Wrinkle in Time movie,
reading the English movie script and
Indonesian subtitles, and finding the
utterance containing the speech acts.
After the data collection has been
carried out, the researcher analyzes the
classification of speech acts in A
Wrinkle in Time based on Yule’s theory.
Then, analyzing translation techniques
are contained in the speech act based
on Molina and Albir’s theory, and
analyzing translation techniques using
some supporting theory (Chesterman,
Baker, Newmark, Vinay and Darbelnet,
Suryawinata and Hariyanto). The last
step is qualifying the data to the
translation quality assessment in terms
of
accuracy,
acceptability,
and
readability based on Nababan et al.’s
theory. Focus group discussions (FGD)
are used to find out the qualitative
parameters
for
analyzing
the
translation quality assessment.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Result
There are five classifications of
speech acts found in the movie, with a
total
of
108
data,
including
representative with 46 data (42.6%),
expressive with 27 data (25.0%),
directive with 24 data (22.3%),
commissive with 6 data (5.5%), and
declaration with 5 data (4.6%).
The twelve translation techniques
found in the text of speech acts in the
movie with a total of 150 data,
including literal translation with 70 data
(47.0%) reduction with 24 data (16.0%),
linguistic compression with 14 (9.3%),
generalization with 8 data (5.3%),
amplification with 8 data (5.3%),
established equivalent with 8 data
(5.3%), borrowing with 5 data (3.3%),
modulation with 5 data (3.3%),

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compensation with 4 data (2.7%),
discursive creation with 2 data (1.3%),
adaptation with 1 data (0.6%), and
substitution with 1 data (0.6%).
In order to do the translation
quality assessment, there are three
aspects. At the accuracy level, 93 data
were accurate, 10 data were less
accurate, and 5 data were not accurate.
At the acceptability level, 94 data
were acceptable, 8 data were less
acceptable, and 6 data were
unacceptable. At the readability level,
95 of the data were readable, 5 data
were less readable, and 8 data were
less readable.
4.2 Discussion
Commissive
Data 01: AWIT/00:26:58 - 00:27:01
Source Language
Target Language
Mrs.Whatsit:
Kita jemput
We'll get your
ibumu nanti.
mother later.
The text “We'll get your mother
later.” explicit with ‘will’ is translated
into “Kita jemput ibumu nanti.” with
no future tense in the TL. Here is the
anaphorically refers to Meg said to
Mrs. Whatsit, “Mom. Wait. We gotta
get Mom.” According to (Cerban, 2009)
“anaphoric reference which is points
backwards to the unfolding text, to a
referent that has already been
introduced and, as a result, becomes
part of the text’s system of meanings.”
(p.14) From the text above, the
translation technique uses literal
translation. According to (Molina &
Albir, 2002) literal translation “to
translate a word or an expression word
for word”. (p.510) In addition
(Chesterman, 2016) literal translation,
stated that “I define this rather loosely,
as meaning ‘maximally close to the SL
form, but nevertheless grammatical.”

(p.91) A verb ‘get’ is translated into
jemput by translator. In KII (2000), a
verb
get
means
‘memperoleh,
menerima, membeli, mengambil…’
(p.266) According to Tesaurus Bahasa
Indonesia (2008) mengambil (v) that is
synonymous with menjemput. (p.17)
According to KBBI (2018), menjemput is
derivate of verb jemput. (p.692) From
the explanation above, the commissive
text “We'll get your mother later.” in
the SL is translated into “Kita jemput
ibumu nanti.” in the TL. The
contractions of we’ll that is we will and
will is not translated in the TL. The
translation technique uses reduction.
According to (Molina & Albir, 2002)
reduction “to suppress a ST information
item in the TT.” (p.510) The supporting
theory by (Baker, 1992) omission “If the
meaning conveyed by a particular item
or expression is not vital enough to
development of the text justify
distracting the reader with lengthy
explanations, translators can and often
do simply omit translating the word or
expression in question.” (p.40)
The speech act classification from
the text “We'll get your mother later.”
in the SL is translated into “Kita jemput
ibumu nanti.” in the TL is a commissive
speech act. The text is a promise for an
action in the future. According to (Yule,
1996) “commissives are those kinds of
speech acts that speakers use to
commit themselves to some future
action.” (p.54). They come in the form
of promises, threats, refusals, pledges.
According to (Nababan et al., 2012)
in three aspects of translation quality
assessment: in accuracy aspect has 3
scores in an accurate level. The
acceptability aspect has 3 scores in
acceptable level. The readability aspect
has 3 scores in the readable level.

5|Page

Declaration
Data 02: AWIT/01:08:17 - 01:08:19
Source Language
Target Language
Red: You passed
Kau lulus ujian.
the test.
The text “You passed the test.” in
the SL is translated into “Kau lulus
ujian.” in the TL. Here the anaphorically
refers to Red said, “Everything's taken
care of.” According to (Cerban, 2009)
“anaphoric reference which points
backwards to the unfolding text, to a
referent that has already been
introduced and, as a result, becomes
part of the text’s system of meanings.”
(p.14) The translation technique uses
literal translation. According to (Molina
& Albir, 2002) literal translation “to
translate a word or an expression word
for word”. (p.510) In addition to
(Chesterman, 2016) literal translation,
he stated that “I define this rather
loosely, as meaning ‘maximally close to
the SL form, but nevertheless
grammatical.” (p.91) The declaration
text above is simple past tense.
According to (Azar, 1989) “the simple
past indicates that an activity or
situation began and ended at a
particular time in the past.” (p.24) The
sentence form of simple past tense is: S
+ V2 + O. Besides that, from the
explanation above the declaration text
“You passed the test.” in the SL is
translated into “Kau lulus ujian.” in the
TL. The article ‘the’ is not translated in
the TL. The translation technique uses
reduction. According to (Molina &
Albir, 2002) reduction is “to suppress a
ST information item in the TT.” (p.510)
The supporting theory (Baker, 1992)
omission “If the meaning conveyed by a
particular item or expression is not vital
enough to development of the text

justify distracting the reader with
lengthy explanations, translators can
and often do simply omit translating
the word or expression in question.”
(p.40)
The speech act classification from
the text “You passed the test.” in the
SL is translated into “Kau lulus ujian.”
in the TL is a declaration speech act.
This text contains an announce word.
According to (Yule, 1996) “declarations
are those kinds of speech acts that
change the world via their utterance.”
(p.53). The functions of declarative
speech acts are to allow, cancel,
announce.
According to (Nababan et al., 2012)
in three aspects of translation quality
assessment: in accuracy aspect has 3
scores in accurate level. The
acceptability aspect has 3 scores in
acceptable level. The readability aspect
has 3 scores in the readable level.
Data 03: AWIT/00:21:10 - 00:21:12
Source Language Target Language
Mr. Murry: You
Kau ilmuwan yang
crazy, brilliant
gila dan brilian.
scientist.
The implicit text “You crazy,
brilliant scientist.” phrasein the SL is
translated explicitly into “Kau ilmuwan
yang gila dan brilian.” clause in the TL.
Here is anaphorically refers to Mrs.
Murry said, “It isn't enough just to be
right. You have to actually be great.
And we are.” According to (Cerban,
2009) “anaphoric reference which is
points backwards to the unfolding text,
to a referent that has already been
introduced and, as a result, becomes
part of the text’s system of meanings.”
(p.14) The translation technique uses
amplification. According to (Molina &
Albir, 2002) amplification is “to

6|Page

introduce details that are not
formulated in the ST: information,
explicative paraphrasing.” (p.510) In
addition, paraphrase by (Newmark,
1988) “This is an amplification or
explanation of the meaning of a
segment of the text.” (p.90) The
translator added the particle yang and
conjunction dan in the TL. The particle
‘yang’ in the TL refers to ‘kau’ as Mrs.
Murry. According to KBBI (2018), ‘yang’
is particle, “kata yang menyatakan
bahwa bagian kalimat yang berikutnya
menjelaskan kata yang didepan.”
(p.1866) Besides that, the translator
added conjunction ‘dan’ in the TL.
According to (Chaer, 2019) conjunction
‘dan’ means “kata penghubung ‘dan’
yaitu kalau kedua sifat yang
digabungkan dengan kata penghubung
‘dan’ itu sifatnya bertentangan,…”
(p.104) The adjective word ‘brilliant’ in
the SL is translated into ‘brilian’ in the
TL. The translation technique uses
borrowing. According to (Molina &
Albir, 2002) borrowing is “to take a
word or expression straight from
another language. It can be pure
(without any change), or it can be
naturalized (to fit the spelling rules in
the TL).” (p.510) The borrowing
technique use in this data is
naturalized borrowing, that is “it can
be naturalized (to fit the spelling rules
in the TL).” In addition to Vinay and
Darbelnet (1958) borrowing is, “a word
taken directly from another language.”
(as cited in Molina & Albir, 2002)
The speech act classification from
the text “You crazy, brilliant scientist.”
in the SL is translated into “Kau
ilmuwan yang gila dan brilian.” in the
TL is a declaration speech act. The text
contains an announce words. According
to (Yule, 1996) “declarations are those

kinds of speech acts that change the
world via their utterance.” (p.53). The
functions of declarative speech acts are
to allow, cancel, announce.
According to (Nababan et al., 2012)
in three aspects of translation quality
assessment: in accuracy aspect has 3
scores in accurate level. The
acceptability aspect has 3 scores in
acceptable level. The readability aspect
has 3 scores in the readable level.
Directive
Data 04: AWIT/00:15:13 - 00:15:17
Source Language
Target Language
Meg: No, Charles
Wallace! Charles
Wallace, do not go
in there.

Meg: Jangan,
Charles Wallace!
Charles Wallace,
jangan masuk
kesana.
The text of “No…. Charles Wallace,
do not go in there.” in the SL is
translated into “Jangan… Charles
Wallace, jangan masuk kesana.” in the
TL. Here is cataphorically refers to the
point forwards that Meg said, “That
house is falling apart, it’s off-limits.”
According
to
(Cerban,
2009)
“Cataphoric reference which is points
forwards to the unfolding text.” (p.14).
The translation technique uses literal
translation. According to (Molina &
Albir, 2002) literal translation “to
translate a word or an expression word
for word”. (p.510). In addition to
(Chesterman, 2016) literal translation,
he stated that “I define this rather
loosely, as meaning ‘maximally close to
the SL form, but nevertheless
grammatical.” (p.91) In KII (2000) ‘do
not’ is the same as ‘don’t’ means
‘jangan’. (p.194) According to Tesaurus
Bahasa Indonesia (2008) ‘jangan’ (adv)
non, tanpa, tiada, tidak. (p.194) A verb
7|Page

‘go in’ is translated into masuk in the
TL.
The speech act classification from
the text, “No... Charles Wallace, do not
go in there.” in the SL is translated into
“Jangan…. Charles Wallace, jangan
masuk kesana.” in the TL is a directive
speech act. This text contains a
command. According to (Yule, 1996),
“directives are those kinds of speech
acts that speakers use to get someone
else to do something.” (p.54). They
express what the speaker wants, and
they are commands, orders, requests,
suggestions, so on.
According to (Nababan et al., 2012)
in three aspects of translation quality
assessment: in accuracy aspect has 3
scores in accurate level. The
acceptability aspect has 3 scores in
acceptable level. The readability aspect
has 3 scores in the readable level.
Data 05: AWIT/00:09:24 - 00:09:27
Source Language Target Language
Mr. Jenkins: I
Ku tak
did not excuse
mengizinkanmu
pergi, Nyoya. Meg.
you, young lady,
Meg.
The implicit text “I did not excuse
you, young lady, Meg.” in the SL is
translated into explicitly “Ku tak
mengizinkanmu pergi, Nyonya. Meg.”
The translation technique uses literal
translation. According to (Molina &
Albir, 2002) literal translation “to
translate a word or an expression word
for word”. (p.510). In addition,
(Chesterman, 2016) literal translation,
he stated that “I define this rather
loosely, as meaning ‘maximally close to
the SL form, but nevertheless
grammatical.” (p.91) From the text
above there is a verb ‘pergi’ in the TL.

The translation technique uses
amplification. According to (Molina &
Albir, 2002) amplification “to introduce
details that are not formulated in the
ST:
information,
explicative
paraphrasing.” (p.510) In addition,
(Newmark, 1988) paraphrase “This is
an amplification or explanation of the
meaning of a segment of the text.”
(p.90) In KII (2000), did not same with
didn’t (p.181) did not is translated into
tak in the TL. In KII (2000), an
intransitive verb of ‘excuse’ means
‘memaafkan, membebaskan, minta
maaf/permisi.” (p.22) According to
Tesaurus Bahasa Indonesia (2008) a
verb
membebaskan
means
melepaskan,
meluluskan,
meliburkan,…(p.53) A verb meluluskan
that is synonymous with mengizinkan.
(p.300)
The speech act classification from
the text “I did not excuse you, young
lady. Meg.” in the SL is translated into
“Ku tak mengizinkanmu pergi, Nyonya.
Meg.” in the TL is a directive speech
act. This text contains a prohibition.
According to (Yule, 1996) “directives
are those kinds of speech acts that
speakers use to get someone else to do
something.” (p.54). They express what
the speaker wants, and they are
commands,
orders,
requests,
suggestions, so on.
According to (Nababan et al., 2012)
in three aspects of translation quality
assessment: in accuracy aspect has 3
scores in accurate level. The
acceptability aspect has 3 scores in
acceptable level. The readability aspect
has 3 scores in the readable level.
Expressive
Data 06: AWIT/00:04:02- 00:04:03
Source Language Target Language

8|Page

Meg: Love it,
Biscuits.

Meg: Aku
menyukainya,
Biskuit.
The implicit expression “Love it,…”
in the SL is translated explicitly into
“Aku menyukainya,…” in the TL by
adding the subject pronoun ‘Aku’
meaning ‘I’. According to KBBI (2018),
‘Aku’ (pronoun)means “kata ganti
orang pertama yang berbicara atau
yang menulis (dalam ragam akrab); diri
sendiri; saya.” (p.40). Here the pronoun
‘it’ anaphorically refers to “…Exclusive.
Do you like it?” According to (Cerban,
2009) “anaphoric reference which is
points backwards to the unfolding text,
to a referent that has already been
introduced and, as a result, becomes
part of the text’s system of meanings.”
(p.14). The suffix -nya in the TL,
according to KBBI (2018), suffix –nya
means
“varian
pronomina
persona ia/dia dan pronominal benda
yang menyatakan milik, pelaku, atau
penerima.” (p.1157). The translation
technique uses literal translation.
According to (Molina & Albir, 2002)
stating that “to translate a word or an
expression word for word”. (p.510).In
addition, (Chesterman, 2016) literal
translation, he stated that “I define this
rather loosely, as meaning ‘maximally
close to the SL form, but nevertheless
grammatical.” (p.91). In KII (2000), the
word ‘love’ means ‘cinta’ (n) (p.366).
According
to
Tesaurus
Bahasa
Indonesia (2008), the word ‘cinta’ (n)
has a derivative word ‘mencintai’ (v)
that is synonymous with ‘menyukai’.
(p.108)
The speech act classification from
the text “Love it,…” in the SL is
translated into “Aku menyukainya,…”in
the TL is an expressive speech act. This
text contains love word. According to

(Yule, 1996) “expressive are those kinds
of speech acts that state what the
speaker feels.” (p.53). They express
physiological states and can be
statements of pleasure, pain, likes,
dislikes, joy, sorrow, so on.
According to (Nababan et al., 2012)
in three aspects of translation quality
assessment: in accuracy aspect has 3
scores in accurate level. The
acceptability aspect has 3 scores in
acceptable level. The readability aspect
has 3 scores in the readable level.
Data 07: AWIT/00:25:08 - 00:25:10
Source Language Target Language
Mrs. Whatsit: I
Aku ragu
don't know
dengannya,Charles
about her,
Wallace.
Charles Wallace.
The text of “I don't know about
her,...” in the SL is translated “Aku ragu
dengannya,…” in the TL. Here
cataphorically refers to Mrs. Whatsit
said, “But I have a very good vibe from
this Calvin kid.” According to (Cerban,
2009) “Cataphoric reference which
points forwards to the unfolding text.”
(p.14). From the text above, the
translation technique uses modulation.
According to (Molina & Albir, 2002)
modulation “to change the point of
view, focus or cognitive category in
relation to the ST; it can be lexical or
structural,” (p.510). In addition to Vinay
and Darbelnet (1958), modulation is “a
shift in point of view.” (as cited in
Molina & Albir, 2002) The translator
translated ‘not sure’ into ‘ragu’ in the
TL. If translated literally, it becomes
‘tidak yakin’ in the TL. But the
translator changed the point of view
into “Aku ragu dengannya,…”. In the TL
suffix –nya in dengannya refers to Meg.

9|Page

According to KBBI (2018), suffix –nya
“varian pronomina persona ia/dia…”
(p.1157) According to KBBI (2018) the
word ragu means “dalam keadaan
tidak tetap hati; bimbang.” (p.1356)
The speech act classification from
the text above, “I don't know about
her, Charles Wallace.” in the SL is
translated into “Aku ragu dengannya,
Charles Wallace.” in the TL is an
expressive speech act. This text
contains the doubt words. According to
(Yule, 1996) “expressives are those
kinds of speech acts that state what the
speaker feels.” (p.53). They express
physiological states and can be
statements of pleasure, pain, likes,
dislikes, joy, sorrow, so on.
According to (Nababan et al., 2012)
in three aspects of translation quality
assessment: in accuracy aspect has 3
scores in accurate level. The
acceptability aspect has 3 scores in
acceptable level. The readability aspect
has 3 scores in the readable level.
Representative
Data 08: AWIT/00:15:20-00:15:22
Source Language
Target Language
Calvin: He’s a
Calvin: Anak yang
fearless little guy.
pemberani.
The text “He’s a fearless little
guy.” sentence in the SL is translated
into “Anak yang pemberani.” clause in
the TL. Subject he’s and article a are
omitted in the TL. The translation
technique uses linguistic compression.
According to (Molina & Albir, 2002)
linguistic compression is “to synthesize
linguistic elements in the TT. This is
often used in simultaneous interpreting
and in sub-titling,” In addition
(Suryawinata & Hariyanto, 2016) the
same as terjemahan parsial (Partial
translation):
the
translation
is

produced by summarizing the words or
sentences, but the information
conveyed remains unchanged in the TL.
(p.76) In KII (2000) fearless (adj) means
‘tidak takut/gentar, tak kenal takut’
(p.236) but in the data the translator
translated into ‘yang pemberani’. The
particle ‘yang’ in the TL is used refers
to ‘anak’. In KBBI (2018), ‘yang’ is
particle, “kata yang menyatakan
bahwa bagian kalimat yang berikutnya
menjelaskan kata yang di depan.”
(p.1866). According to Tesaurus Bahasa
Indonesia (2008) Pemberani (n) is
derivate word from berani (a). (p.64).
According to KBBI (2018) pemberani
means ‘orang yang sangat berani, yg
mempunyai sifat berani.’ (p.217) A
phrase ‘little guy’ in the SL is translated
into ‘anak’ in the TL. A phrase ‘little
guy’ if translated literally means ‘pria
kecil’, and it refers to Charles Wallace
as Meg’s little brother. The translation
technique
uses
generalization.
According to (Molina & Albir, 2002)
generalization is “to use a more general
or neutral term.” Supporting theory is
Naturalisation by (Newmark, 1988)
“This procedure succeeds transference
and adapts the SL word first to the
normal pronunciation,…” (p.82)
The speech act classification from
the text “He’s a fearless little guy.” in
the SL is translated into “Anak yang
pemberani.” in the TL is a
representative speech act. This text
contains statements of fact. According
to (Yule, 1996) “representatives are
those kinds of speech acts that state
the speaker believes to be the case or
not.” (p.53). This is a statement of fact,
assertions, conclusions, description.
According to (Nababan et al.,
2012)in three aspects of translation
quality assessment: in accuracy aspect

10 | P a g e

has 3 scores in accurate level. The
acceptability aspect has 3 scores in
acceptable level. The readability level
has 2 scores in less readable.
Data 09: AWIT/00:09:48-00:09:51
Source Language
Target Language
Meg: Well, Dad
always told me to
stand up for what I
believe in.

Meg: Ayah bilang
aku harus
pertahankan apa
yang harus
kupercaya.
The text “…to stand up...” in the SL
is
translated
into
“…harus
pertahankan…” in the TL. Here the
phrase anaphorically refers to what
Meg has seen Veronica’s act: “Their
daughter
(Veronica)
is
mean.”
According to (Cerban, 2009) “anaphoric
reference, which points backwards to
the unfolding text, to a referent that
has already been introduced and, as a
result, becomes part of the text’s
system of meanings.” (p.14). The
translation
technique
uses
compensation. According to (Molina &
Albir, 2002) compensation is “to
introduce a ST element of information
or stylistic effect in another place in the
TT because it cannot be reflected in the
same place as in the ST.” (p.510)
Supporting theory by (Newmark, 1988)
compensation “this is said to occur
when loss of meaning, sound-effect,
metaphor or pragmatic effect in one
part of a sentence is compensated in
another part, or in a contiguous
sentence.” (p.90) The translator
translated ‘to stand up’ in the SL into
‘harus pertahankan’ in the TL and
added adverb ‘harus’, where there are
combined affixes per- and -kan in the
TL. According to (Chaer, 2019)
“imbuhan kata gabung per- dan –kan

berfungsi membentuk kata kerja,…”
(p.221) In KII (2000), ‘to stand up’
means ‘berdiri, tahan.’ (p.552)
The speech act classification from
the text above, “…to stand up for what
I believe in.” in the SL is translated into
“…harus pertahankan apa yang harus
kupercaya.” in the TL is a
representative speech act. This text is a
statement. According to (Yule, 1996)
“representatives are those kinds of
speech acts that state the speaker
believes to be the case or not.” (p.53).
This is a statement of fact, assertions,
conclusions, description.
According to (Nababan et al., 2012)
in three aspects of translation quality
assessment: in accuracy aspect has 3
scores in accurate level. The
acceptability aspect has 3 scores in
acceptable level. The readability aspect
has 3 scores in the readable level.
5. CONCLUSION
This
research
analyzes
the
translation technique and translation
quality used in the speech acts of A
Wrinkle in Time movie by Disney
Pictures. Five classifications of speech
acts are found in this research with 108
data. The dominant data obtained in
speech act is representative with 46
data (42.6%). Besides that, this
research found twelve translation
techniques classifications with a total of
150 data. The dominant data obtained
in the translation technique is a literal
translation with 70 data (47.0%). Then,
in order to do the translation quality
assessment, there are three aspects,
and all the data collected has three
aspects of the translation quality
assessment. Most of the data shows
that it is contained at an accurate level,

11 | P a g e

an acceptable level, and a readable
level.
The results of this research that
have been presented that provide a
relation between the three objects of
research, and there are speech acts,
translation techniques, and translation
quality assessment. Then, from what
has been explained in this research,
suggestions to further researchers are
to expand the analysis of translation in
speech acts. They can find speech acts
in other literary works such as novels.
Further researchers are also expected
to provide different theories for further
research, including the speech acts
theory, translation techniques theory,
and the translation quality theory.
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