English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
No.
March 2019
Printed ISSN 2654-5284
Interpersonal Metafunction in Leonardo DiCaprioAos Speech
ASIH PRIHANDINI1
English Department UNIKOM
ILYAS PERMANA PUTRA
English Department UNIKOM CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
ASIH PRIHANDINI, asih.
prihandini@email.
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed to analyze mood, modality and personal pronouns as the elements of interpersonal metafunction found in Leonardo DiCaprioAos speech.
Metafunction is divided into three functions of language.
interpersonal, ideational, and textual.
Interpersonal metafunction is used to be the perspective of this analysis.
Method of qualitative by Khasana states that qualitative research studies are designed to obtain information concerning to the current status of phenomena.
The aim is to describe what exists with respect to variables or conditions or situations (Khasana, 2010, p.
The result of the analysis shows that positive declarative sentences dominate Leonardo DiCaprioAos speech, then AuwillAy as the modality, and AuweAy as personal pronoun are also dominantly found in the speech.
Declarative sentences are dominantly found in the speech since Leonardo tries to share information to the audience.
Modality AuwillAy is mostly used since Leonardo wants people concern with the climate change in the future.
Personal pronoun AuweAy shows that Leonardo expects people, including him, will take responsibility of the climate change.
Keywords: Speech.
Mood.
Modality.
Personal Pronoun
INTRODUCTION
other and a process to change the others behavior (Effendy.
Onong Uchjana, 2004:.
There are two ways to communicate, direct and It is stated that communication is the process of delivering a message in symbolic form meaningful as thoughts and feelings in the form of ideas, information, trust, hope, appeals, and as a guide performed by one person to another, either directly in person or indirectly through the media, with the aim of changing attitudes, views or behaviors (Effendy.
Onong Uchjana, 2002: .
Based on this quotation, it can be concluded that direct communication is to communicate without any intermediaries or media, such as speech.
Speech is one form of direct communication Communication, in the present, is used as a means of conveying an idea.
It is stated that communication is a form of human interaction which affects each other, intentionally or not, and not only limited to the forms of verbal communication, but also in the form of facial expressions, paintings, art, and technology (Shanon.
Calude, & Weaver, 1949:18-.
Based on that statement, it can be said that communication is easily interpreted as the process of transferring messages through communication means or media to the intended communicant.
Communication is a form of message from the speaker to the listener to create a relationship between each English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
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March 2019 Printed ISSN 2654-5284 that is used to convey ideas, while indirect communication is performed by using tools to convey information.
Some examples of tools in indirect communication are letters.
SMS, radio and others.
In communicating, people use language.
Suggested that man speaks language.
He uses language as a means of communication with other people, as a tool to express his ideas and wishes.
Without language, it is hard to imagine how people can cooperate and get along with one another (Ramelan, 1999:.
Based on that opinion, it can be concluded that language is one of the tools used in communicating.
discuss about social relations which is further formulated into three things: Mood.
Modality, and Personal Pronoun.
Leonardo DiCaprioAos speech on April 22, 2016, at the Signature Ceremony for the Paris AgreementAos opening was about how a leader makes changes.
Leonardo focused on several things, the first was the fact of how the climate change occurs in several countries, the second was there is no movement in dealing with climate change well, and the third was the impact on earth in the future.
In the speech, it can be seen that Leonardo hoped for all country to be able to handle climate change.
Interpersonal metafunction is basically used to express views against a discourse, so the attitude and judgment against a discourse will be understood, which in this case is a speech on climate change that takes place across the Based on Halliday.
Michael Alexander Kirkwood .
metafunction is divided into interpersonal, textual, and ideational.
This research is focused on interpersonal.
one of the language functions, interpersonal Mood To understand a communication or a discourse requires interpersonal metafunction, especially about changes in clauses.
Response Initiation [A/B] Expected [C] Discretionary [D] Offer Shall I give you this teapot? yes, please, do! no, thanks demand [N] Command give me that teapot! here you are I wonAot give [M] Statement heAos giving her the teapot Is he? no, he isnAot what is he giving her? a teapot I donAot know give [M] goods-&services [X] information [Y] Demand [N] (Halliday.
Michael Alexander Kirkwood, 2004, p.
Based on the explanation above, several ways can be performed to create a communication.
The general principle behind the expression of MOOD in the clause is as follows.
The grammatical category that is characteristically used to exchange information is the indicative.
the category of indicative, the characteristic English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
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March 2019 Printed ISSN 2654-5284 expression of a statement is the declarative, that of a question is the interrogative.
within the category of interrogative, there is a further distinction between yes/no interrogative, for polar questions, and WHinterrogative for content questions.
(Halliday.
Michael Alexander Kirkwood, 2004:.
finite is a form of declarative clause, wh-q subject finite as interrogative clause, and finite subject as imperative clause.
An example of Mood analysis:
The duke has given that teapot away The quote showed that Statement.
Question.
Offer and Command have attachment between declarative clause with statement, interrogative clause with question, and imperative clause with command.
Subject the duke Subject Finite Mood given that teapot away Residue The above sentence is a declarative sentence, which has a subject and a finite.
Modality Modality is a tool that is also used to analyze interpersonal meta function.
By using temporal and modal operators, a discourse can be identified from the perspective of its modality.
Temporal operators:
Present did, was, had, used to does, is, have will, shall, would, should DidnAot, wasnAot, hadnAot, didnAot used to DoesnAot, isnAot, hasnAot WonAot shanAot, wouldnAot, shouldnAot Modal operators:
Median can, may, could, might .
will, would, should, is/ was to must, ought to, need, has/had to neednAot, doesnAot/didnAot need to, have to wonAot, wouldnAot.
Aot, .
snAot/ wasnAot t.
mustnAot, oughtnAot to, canAot, couldnAot, .
aynAot, mightnAot, hasnAot/ hadnAot t.
(Halliday.
Michael Alexander Kirkwood, 2004:.
Personal Pronouns interpersonal because the personal pronoun has a relationship between the speaker and the listener such as through the words AuIAy.
AuweAy, and AuYouAy.
The subject, when it first appears, may be any nominal group.
If it is a personal pronoun, like he in the rhyme, it is simply repeated each time (Halliday.
Michael Alexander Kirkwood, 2004:.
Li .
added that one of the roles of personal pronoun is that it has an interpersonal function in discourse and it makes a kind of link between the speaker and the listener in a speech (Li.
Zhang, 2.
An example of Personal Pronoun:
To all my friend, thank you so much for all the support that youAove given me.
I am grateful to them.
Based on the above sentence, the word AuIAy explains that someone .
he speake.
thanks him for the support given to him .
y AuyouAy as the listene.
Based on the above quotation, it can be concluded that personal pronoun is related to English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
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March 2019
Printed ISSN 2654-5284
METHOD
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The qualitative method research method is used to analyze this paper.
Qualitative research studies are designed to obtain information concerning to the current status of phenomena.
They are directed toward determining the nature of situation, as is exists at the time of study.
There is no administration or a control of a treatment as it is found in experimental testing.
The aim is to describe what exists with respect to variables or conditions or situations (Khasanah.
Marisatul, 2010L:.
Mood In Leonardo DiCaprioAos speech, the mood is identified as in the table below:
Number of Clause Declarative Imperative Interrogative Mood types Total It can be seen that declarative sentence dominates LeonardoAos speech while the imperative and interrogative clauses have the same amount in the speech.
It became dominant because Leonardo wanted to provide information about climate change that was occurring.
Qualitative method in general can be interpreted as research method that focuses on the quality of the research itself.
The method is based on observing existing data.
An example of declarative sentence in Leonardo DiCaprioAos speech:
You know that climate change happening faster than ever the most pessimistic of scientists warned us decades ago.
You climate change happening faster than ever the most pessimistic of scientists warned us decades ago Circ.
Adjunct Mood Residue The sentence above is the example of declarative sentence with a clause that contains mood used by the speaker (Leonardo DiCapri.
to inform a fact about climate change occured all around the world from decades ago.
Now think about the shame Now .
Circ.
Adjunct S (Ellipsise.
Residue Mood about the shame Complement Residue The sentence above is the example of imperative clause that contains mood used by Leonardo to make the listener do what he want the listener do.
In the data above.
Leonardo wants the listener to think about something that he thought about.
Modality Modality in Leonardo DicaprioAos speech:
Temporal and Modal operators will .
uture and can .
ow and must .
igh and presen.
Would .
English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
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March 2019 Total Printed ISSN 2654-5284 Modal operator median and temporal operator future in the word AuwillAy is the most widely used modality in the speech.
This was because Leonardo DiCaprio wanted a change of attitude regarding to the climate change that swept across the world in the .
We can congratulate each other today, but it will mean nothing if you return to your countries and fail to push beyond the promises of this historic agreement.
In the data above, there is a clause that contains a modal opearator, that is AucanAy which presents something able to do by the speaker and the listener as preference from the speaker in the present.
An example of modality analysis is as .
Now think about the shame that each of us will carry when our children and grandchildren look back and realize that we had the means of stopping this devastation, but simply lacked the political will to do so.
Our planet cannot be saved unless we leave fossil fuels in the ground where they The data above shown that there is a negative modal operator that contained in AucannotAy.
This modal operator presents the preference that the speaker and also the lsitener not to do and then added the contrast from the thing that they have not to According to the above data, the existence of temporal operator AuwillAy was mentioned, which presents the circumstances that will occur in the future.
We must disenthrall ourselves and then we shall save our country.
Personal Pronoun In the data above, there is the example of temporal and modal operator at the same The temporal operator shown in the AushallAy word which presents what the speaker and the listener have to do in the future based on the speakerAos thought.
And the second is modal operator that shown in AumustAy word which presents a requirement that the speaker and the listener have to do with high intention to do it in present from the speaker given to the listener.
Personal pronoun contained in Leonardo DiCaprioAos speech:
Personal pronoun You Total Personal pronouns found in Leonardo DiCaprioAos speech are the word AuweAy.
The word AuweAy referred to Leonardo and the countries that joined to the Paris Agreement.
Leonardo wanted to make the listener and the rest of the world realize that this is a shared responsibility for dealing with the climate change.
This sentence can be found in the data below:
We can congratulate each other today, but it will mean nothing if you return to your countries and fail to push beyond the promises of this historic agreement.
In the data above, there is a clause that contains a modal opearator, that is AucanAy which presents something able to do by the speaker and the listener as preference from the speaker in the present.
We all know that reversing the course of climate change will not be easy, but the tools are in our hands Ae if we apply them English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
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Leonardo DiCaprioAos speech is AuYouAy which refers to the listener as the target of the speech itself.
This pronoun used by Leonardo to be a target from what he thought or even formed as an imperative sentence.
Below is the data with personal pronoun AuYouAy in it:
The second sentence represents what Leonardo himself and also the listener achieve and this also be his words to cheer the member of the Paris Agreement.
Yes, we have achieved the Paris Agreement.
You know them better than I do, and more importantly, you know what will happen if this scourge is left unchecked.
You know that climate change is happening faster than even the most pessimistic of scientists warned us decades ago.
The third sentence shows the preference of what Leonardo himself and the other listener can do by what they did in the past.
We can congratulate each other today, but it will mean nothing if you return to your countries and fail to push beyond the promises of this historic agreement.
We can congratulate each other today, but it will mean nothing if you return to your countries and fail to push beyond the promises of this historic agreement.
Moreover, there is also another personal pronoun that have been found in Leonardo Di CaprioAos speech, that is AuIAy which refers to Leonardo himself.
This pronoun used by Leonardo to give his thought or preference and also tell the listener what he did before he gives his speech.
Below is the data with personal pronoun AuIAy in it:
You will either be lauded by future generations, or vilified by them.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of some of the above analysis, it can be concluded that the use of declarative sentences was found dominantly in Leonardo DiCaprioAos speech, which indicates that Leonardo wanted to provide information on the occurring climate change.
Moreover, there are Imperative and Interrogative clause represented in the speech with each other one .
Beside of that.
Modality AuwillAy is also used dominantly in the speech, while AucanAy.
AumustAy, and AushallAy each other make two .
ocurence in the speech.
And the last is personal pronoun AuweAy became the most widely used personal pronoun with twenty-seven .
data, while personal pronoun AuIAy about eleven .
data and personal pronoun AuYouAy about twenty-three .
This was due to the desire of the speaker (Leonardo DiCapri.
for everyone involved and concerned with the existence of climate change in the future, for example in this speech Leonardo wants to tell about the concern of climate change and also ask the listener to involved to make a solution for the .
As a UN Messenger of Peace.
I have been travelling all over the world for the last two years documenting how this crisis is changing the natural balance of our planet.
I have seen cities like Beijing choked by industrial pollution.
In America I have witnessed unprecedented droughts in California and sea level rise flooding the streets of Miami.
In Greenland and in the Arctic.
I was astonished to see that ancient glaciers are rapidly disappearing well ahead of scientific All that I have seen and learned on this journey has terrified me.
I do not need to throw statistics at you.
As a citizen of our planet who has witnessed so much on this journey I thank you for all you have done to lay the foundation of a solution to this crisis, but after 21 years of debates and conferences it is time to declare no more talk.
The last personal pronoun used in English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
No.
March 2019
Printed ISSN 2654-5284
REFERENCES