Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat ISSN 2086-6569 | eAeISSN 2776-351X Web: http://jurnal.
Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2025 Pages 70-79 Terakreditasi Peringkat SINTA 4 DOI: 10.
55511/jpsttd.
The Development of an Arduino-Based Smart Container Tracker System Anggun Prima Gilang Rupaka1*.
Riz Rifai Oktavianus Sasue2.
Rahmat Ahmad2.
Hendra Yuda Novianto1 Logistics Management.
Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic Automotive Technology.
Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic *Correspondence to: gilang@poltradabali.
Abstract: Satellite-based positioning systems are extensively used to determine observational coordinates on land, sea, air, and space by leveraging artificial satellites.
The term Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) encompasses all satellite-based global positioning systems, either as standalone systems or in combination with other augmentation systems.
Satellite-based positioning systems are extensively used to determine observational coordinates on land, sea, air, and space by leveraging artificial satellites.
Container tracking systems utilize advanced technologies to monitor and trace the movement of cargo containers during maritime These systems enable companies to optimize supply chain management, reduce the risk of cargo loss or damage, and enhance the shipment security.
Additionally, the customers benefit from greater visibility of the status and location of goods, and they are allowed for more effective planning.
This study aimed to examine the operational framework of an Arduino-based Smart Container Tracker.
The research followed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology which emphasized the systematic development and exploration of theoretical or practical applications through innovation.
Keywords: Smart container tracker.
Container.
GPS.
Arduino Introduction Satellite-based positioning systems, commonly referred to as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and it represents the technologies that enable location determination across land, sea, air, and space by utilizing artificial satellites (Banerjee & Matsakis, 2.
According to Huang et al.
GNSS includes global positioning systems operated individually or in combination with augmentation systems.
The positioning process is carried out through resection methods using distances or differences in distances from satellites, which yield accurate latitudes, longitudes, and elevation coordinates.
This technology serves as a fundamental component in various applications such as navigation, mapping, and geospatial research (Manisha Bhatnagar, 2.
Containers are standardized units used for transporting goods across multiple modes of transportation such as ships, trains, and trucks.
Their primary advantages lie in the ease of intermodal transfer without the need to unload the contents, as well as their durability for temporary storage.
In the context of modern logistics, the efficiency and security in managing containers are of utmost importance.
To support such efficiency, container tracking systems now utilize high-tech devices such as IoT sensors and GPS modules attached to the container units.
These devices transmit real-time data on position, temperature, humidity, and even gas leakage risks to monitoring centers via cellular or satellite networks.
In this research, the authors developed a prototype of an Arduino-based tracking device, which serves not only as a practical solution for container monitoring systems but also as an educational tool for students to understand tracking systems within the context of modern logistics (Ahn, 2005.
Chandra et al.
, 2021.
Smith, 2.
Method The software was designed based on an algorithm developed to process digital signals or data obtained from GPS and sensors, in order to generate output in the form of status and position reports.
These reports were sent via SMS upon user request.
The program's operation consists of machine-language instructions arranged in a syntax pattern forming a sequence of commands (Cheta & Borz, 2.
The software used in this study was developed through a procedural structure that sequentially processes data extraction from GPS and sensors.
The logical sequence of steps included:
Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat.
Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2025 Pages 70-79 Checking GPS Status: The system checked whether or not the GPS is active .
ata availabl.
Reading GPS Data: The system read coordinate and time data.
Reading Break Sensor: The system detected whether the container has been opened prematurely or not.
Calculating GPS Data: Latitude and Longitude coordinates were processed.
Posting the Value: Extracted GPS data was sent to the cloud.
Replying to Requests: The system sent SMS responses to the user containing the location .
ap lin.
, speed, and container status .
pened/not opene.
The hardware design involves assembling electronic components necessary to support data communication and control between GPS.
Arduino Leonardo.
GSM SIM module.
SD Card module, and pilot lamp (Motakabber et al.
A block diagram is structured to represent the system architecture.
The core components include:
- BELTIAN BN-220 GPS Module - Arduino Leonardo microcontroller - SIM900A GSM Module - SD Card Module and relay systems Figure 1.
Block Diagram Result and Discussion Hardware Design Results In the rapidly advancing era of digitalization, the demand for efficient and real-time tracking systems has become increasingly critical, particularly in the logistics and freight transportation industries.
One emerging innovative solution is the Smart Container TrackerAia system specifically designed to monitor and trace containers in real-time through the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology (Devraj et al.
, 2.
This design encompasses both hardware and software architectures.
The core components integrated into the system include:
Figure 2.
Overall Schematic Diagram Arduino Uno as the Main Microcontroller The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P, functioning as the central processing unit of the container tracking system (Sreenivasulu et al.
, 2.
This board manages data collection from various sensors and facilitates communication with other modules such as SIM and GPS.
With its support for Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat.
Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2025 Pages 70-79 both digital and analog pins, the Arduino Uno can interface with environmental sensors and communication modules to enable real-time container tracking.
GPS and SIM Modules for Location Tracking and Data Communication The GPS module .
GY-GPSV3 NEO-M8N) is employed to obtain accurate container location data, even in areas with weak GPS signals.
This module plays a vital role in calculating the trajectory and speed of the Meanwhile, the SIM900A module facilitates real-time data transmission via cellular networks to a server or end-user.
This integration allows for remote monitoring and immediate reporting of conditions or anomalies through SMS or email.
The schematic/wiring diagram presented in Figure 2 serves as a reference during the installation phase, guiding the assembly of electronic components for each subsystem, as illustrated in the following images:
Figure 3.
Illustration of Tracker Component Installation : .
Power Regulator.
Arduino Leonardo.
SIM Module 900A.
Sim Tray.
SD-Card cut-off Relay.
GPS Module M8N Software Design Results Implementation of Tracker Device Design and Flowchart The utilization of wireless data acquisition in container tracking systems offers numerous advantages, including the elimination of manual data entry, reduction of human error, and provision of continuous monitoring(Moryn et al.
, 2017.
Ramadhan et al.
, 2023.
Ramadhon, 2.
This system enables device testing to ensure data reliability under various conditions, while also reducing costs through the application of IoT-based solutions.
automating the data collection process and delivering real-time updates, the system assists companies in optimizing logistics operations, minimizing delays, and enhancing overall efficiency.
The use of cost-effective components such as the Arduino Uno module and SIM cards further contributes to the accessibility and affordability of the solution (David et al.
, 2015.
Koo et al.
, 2019.
Miler, 2.
During the implementation phase, the design is transformed into program code and electronic circuitry.
Referring to the previously developed flowchart, the code is then written in the Arduino IDE, following the sequence defined by the flowchart.
The following represents the code utilized in the Smart Tracker Container system:
Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat.
Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2025 Pages 70-79 Figure 4.
Tracker System Flowchart Data Server Setup The server functions as a cloud-based storage system for positional data acquired from the GPS module (Arockia Jaya J & Mahalakshmi K, 2.
It enables the GPS device to securely store location data, which can be accessed at any time.
The server subsequently organizes the data within a structured database, and allowing it to be analyzed or utilized as required.
The communication structure implemented is as follows:
Figure 5.
Tracker System Data Communication The server dashboard display used is as below:
Figure 6.
Dashboard Server Web Monitor Programming Results This website is utilized to display positional data .
atitude and longitud.
retrieved from the server onto a map interface using the Google Maps API.
Within the website, the positional data is further processed to:
A Calculate speed based on changes in position between two points.
A Compute travel time and distance.
A Extract temperature and humidity data.
The temperature and humidity data are then stored on an SD card and presented on the monitoring dashboard (Widjaja et al.
, 2.
The website is developedb by using HTML code, following a series of procedural steps as illustrated in the flowchart.
Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat.
Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2025 Pages 70-79 Figure 7.
Flowchat Dashboard Website Referring to the flowchart, the HTML program code can be developed by using Visual Studio Code.
Visual Studio Code is a widely used by code editor that supports various programming languages, including HTML.
The code is then tested using dummy data to demonstrate the website display, as illustrated in the figure below.
Figure 8.
Monitor Tracker Website Server Data Testing Testing was conducted to evaluate the successful transmission of GPS data from the Arduino Leonardo-based tracking device via the SIM900A GSM module (Widjaja et al.
, 2.
This testing involved several steps, including ensuring a stable connection between the SIM900A module and the cellular network, verifying that the GPS data transmitted from the Arduino Leonardo was accurately received by the server, and assessing the consistency and reliability of data transmission under various network conditions.
Furthermore, the testing included simulation of real-world usage scenarios to evaluate device performance and identify potential areas for improvement.
The data stored on the server is presented in the following graphs.
Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat.
Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2025 Pages 70-79 Figure 9.
Longitude and Latitude Position Graph Against Time Comprehensive System Testing Comprehensive testing was conducted to ensure that the overall system operates effectively across several key aspects:
A Position Tracking: Verifying the deviceAos ability to accurately track location.
A Data Storage on Server: Ensuring that the collected positional data can be transmitted and properly stored on the server.
A Website Display: Confirming that the data stored on the server can be accurately retrieved and displayed on the website.
A Data Log Storage: Evaluating the systemAos ability to consistently record and store data logs.
Figure 10.
Website Display Testing was conducted to ensure that the system is capable of accurately tracking positions, storing data on the server, displaying data on the website, and reliably saving log data.
GPS data from the Arduino Leonardo-based tracking device was transmitted to the server via the SIM900A GSM module.
The data received by the server was then stored and displayed on the website using the Google Maps API.
This process also involved logging temperature and humidity data onto an SD card for further environmental monitoring.
The details are presented in the following Table 1.
Trip Log Data Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat.
Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2025 Pages 70-79 Latitude Longitude Speed Temp (AC) Humidity (%) Distance .
Time .
Conclusions The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows:
The design and development of the Smart Container Tracker have been successfully completed.
The main components of this tracker include the Arduino Leonardo as the primary microcontroller, a GPS module of type GYGPSV3 NEO-8M NEO-M8N, and the SIM900A GPRS module for data transmission.
In this study, a smart container tracking system based on Arduino Leonardo and integrated with the SIM900A GSM module was tested and implemented to transmit GPS position data in real-time.
This system was designed to enhance efficiency and security in supply chain management.
The main findings of this research are as follows:
Jurnal Penelitian Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat.
Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2025 Pages 70-79 Successful Position Tracking: The system effectively tracked the container's location and transmitted the position data .
atitude and longitud.
to the ThingSpeak server.
The data received and stored on the server demonstrated consistency and accuracy.
Real-Time Data Transmission: The SIM900A GSM module successfully transmitted GPS position data from the tracking device to the server in real-time.
Testing showed that the data was reliably received without significant loss or delay.
Website Integration: The data collected and stored on the server could be retrieved and efficiently displayed on a website using the Google Maps API.
The website was also capable of processing data to calculate speed, travel time, distance, and to display temperature and humidity information.
Data Logging: In addition to transmitting data to the server, the system also stored temperature and humidity logs on an SD card, enabling environmental monitoring within the container.
Efficiency and Reliability: Testing indicated that the system is both efficient and reliable for real-world applications, with the ability to function under various network conditions.
Acknowledgement The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic for the financial support provided for the completion of this research project.
References