Vol.
No.
2, 2020, pp.
DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
32698/01142
Contents lists available at Journal Redwhitepress Journal of Educational and Learning Studies ISSN: 2655-2760 (Prin.
ISSN: 2655-2779 (Electroni.
Journal homepage: http://journal.
com/index.
php/jles The analysis of the parenting implications on the emotional closeness of parent-child improvement Zadrian Ardi1.
Galang Zaki Aulia1 Universitas Negeri Padang.
Indonesia
Article Info
ABSTRACT
Article history:
The development of science and knowledge and the structure of society has had various impacts on the order of social life.
No exception influences the smallest organization, namely the family.
The model and parenting patterns of the previous generation .
he baby boomersAo generatio.
are significantly different from the next generation.
Of course, this also causes differences in the results and impacts obtained.
However, the issues related to parenting tend to remain the same.
One parenting that is often used is authoritarian parenting, in which parentAos tom much impose his will on the child as desired.
This makes children become depressed so that the proximity of the child with parents rift or loose.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the implications of parenting conditions and its various characteristics in building closeness between parents and children.
Received Aug 22nd, 2020 Revised Sep 19th, 2020 Accepted Oct 11th, 2020 Keyword:
Improvement Parent-child closeness Parenting A 2020 The Authors.
Published by Redwhitepress.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license .
ttps://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.
Corresponding Author:
Zadrian Ardi.
Universitas Negeri Padang Email: zadrian@fip.
Introduction The proximity of the parents with children are often the main reason for the problems in natural by children, especially children who are going through the development and need guidance from parents (Fouts & Silverman, 2015.
Lee et al.
, 2015.
Maguire-Jack & Klein, 2.
This happens because most parents do apply parenting are ineffective or inappropriate parenting towards the child.
In parenting, the proper parenting should be considered for the child's development and is also one of the main factors to be relations of the immediacy of the elderly (Larzelere.
Gunnoe.
Roberts, & Ferguson, 2.
Parenting is the most prominent parent behavior, i.
by way of disciplining children, instilling the values of life on children, teach life skills, and manage emotions so that children can form the concept of the self (Johnston & Fletcher, 2015.
Maguire-Jack & Klein, 2015.
Rodriguez.
Hartley, & Bolt, 2019.
Schoeps.
Valero-Moreno.
Perona.
Pyrez-Maryn, & Montoya-Castilla, 2.
We can discipline the child with ways to say it subtly but firmly, don't get used to snap or hit, children will quickly against if we snap or hit, and then, if children make mistakes parents give children the consequences, tell the children that the actions were wrong and give additional tasks as a consequence, for example, sweep the house, clean rooms and so on, and do not involve themselves for conflict with the child, parents often happen easily triggered angry and wanted to hit the child (Khade.
Wang, & Decker, 2018.
Sadik, 2018.
Wang & Liu, 2.
This will only make the closeness of parent and child loose.
Hurlock .
suggests that parental behavior influence parenting children adhered them is authoritarian parenting which actions arranged by the parents, permissive parenting in which parents too followed the whims of children.
The parents who use permissive parenting a chance to do a reasonable sexual behavior as much as three times greater than the child who is taken care of with authoritative pattern The analysis of the parenting implications on the emotional closeness .
(Democrati.
by her parents, parenting democratic in which children participated in the ask a question or objection if the parents make the rules (Lo.
Lai.
Ng, & Wang, 2.
Based on an examination of the form of parenting that is applied by a parent, not a few parents who apply the form of inappropriate parenting on children, parenting the most ubiquitous in the environment of the community i.
authoritarian parenting and permissive parenting, which is where the less parenting instilling ethical values and more emphasis to the physical needs of physical needs.
In applying good moral behavior, the parent should apply the parenting of democracy, as in parenting, there are many aspects in developing good moral behavior for the child (Gustafsson, 2019.
Nihayati.
Sholihah, & Qonaah, 2.
If the parent is already implementing parenting is right and proper, then the closeness of parent and child will be awake, let alone in a period now is very hard to maintain the closeness of parent and child with many factors that affect the proximity of parent and child.
The closeness as an emotional bond between parent and child, which is the relative length of the relationship and has significance and cannot be replaced by Proximity or attachment between parents and children is an important aspect that must be owned by a parent in an effort so that the child can be easily guided.
Stickiness or proximity is a strong emotional bond that developed through interactions with people that have a special meaning in his life, usually parents.
Discussions The closeness between parents with children .
ertainly influenced the development of the chil.
in this day a lot of family harmony is reduced because the child is not close to parents (Acar.
Torquati.
Encinger, & Colgrove, 2018.
Gallo et al.
, 2019.
Sette.
Baldwin.
Zava.
Baumgartner, & Coplan, 2019.
Taylor.
Marquis.
Coall, & Werner, 2.
The closeness of behavior that is a form of behavior that sustains closeness with several different individuals.
Whareas the closeness between parent and child can provide many advantages in child development.
The advantages of the proximity of parent and child is the parent providing a secure base on the child and can encourage the child to explore themselves.
Children who are close to the parents often make parents responsive and a lot of help when children have problems.
One factor that loosens the closeness of parent and child is the application of parenting.
A mother who spent more time with bad behavior will hamper the development of the child.
It is this proximity that impacts the closeness in the future.
Besides, it will negatively affect the child's interest as described, non-involvement parents in reading activity will result in children who are not interested in reading.
The role of parents is very important in maintaining the closeness of a parent with children and also keep the child's development (Sette et al.
, 2019.
Taylor et al.
, 2.
Hurlock .
States in the process of growing flower child, it takes on the role of parents, which is a very important While the role of the parents should understand and recognize kids with a good attitude and unique talents, develop and nurture their personality without forcing him to be someone else.
In addition to the role of the family, environmental factors also affect child development.
Dispositions and the environment is a factor that influenced the development of the child (Guyer et al.
, 2015.
Jalu.
Ahmed.
Hashi, & Tekilu, 2019.
Mistretta, 2020.
Sidabrien, 2.
If the proximity of parent and child is good, then it will give a positive impact, as described by Hurlock .
relationships with family members, affects the Foundation of our attitude toward society, and life in Besides a positive impact from the proximity of the parents and children, the proximity of the child with the parent will enrich a child with social welfare such as self-esteem, adjustment of emotions, and physical health (Choi.
Schoeni.
Wiemers.
Hotz, & Seltzer, 2020.
Elldyr.
Larsson.
Soly, & Vilhelmson, 2018.
Han.
Whetung, & Mao, 2.
Children who are close to the parents often make parents responsive and a lot of help when children have problems.
There is a pattern of the relationship between the parents of the child, such as the pattern of the relationship between parent-child can be distinguished into several patterns i.
accepting the presence of the child in child discipline, excessive, exaggerated in spoiling children, rejecting the presence of children.
Parenting greatly affects the proximity of parent and child (Moscarola.
Fornero, & Rossi.
Neuman & Knapczyk, 2020.
Sacchi & Viazzo, 2.
Parenting is the pattern of interaction between parent and child which includes in it the fulfillment of children's physical needs such as food and drink, and also covers the psychological needs such as safety, compassion, comfortable protection, and others, as well as provide an understanding of the norms in force in the community so that the child can live in harmony or blend in with their surroundings (Bradley.
Iida.
Pennar.
Owen, & Vandell, 2017.
Ciciolla.
Curlee.
Karageorge, & Luthar, 2017.
Czymoniewicz-Klippel.
Chesnut.
DiNallo, & Perkins, 2019.
Dicy.
Maiello.
Dolce, & Freda, 2.
Parenting is an intensive interaction where parents steer children to have life skills.
Understanding parenting also includes that parents help children in completing the tasks of their development.
Parenting is the interaction between the child and parent interaction in which parents educate, guide, and discipline as well as protecting children which will Journal homepage: http://journal.
com/index.
php/jles Ardi.
& Aulia.
et al.
Journal of Educational and Learning Studies Vol.
No.
2, 2020, pp.
enable the child to achieve the tasks its development (Theisen & Emblem, 2018.
Tieken, 2020.
Westford.
Every parent has a different understanding of how to implement parenting, not all parents apply the same Every parent is different in applying to parent and their behavior towards children.
It depends on the attitude that they are learning in a nurturing and educating children, among others, the existence of initial experience with children, the knowledge of how to best treat the child either in democratic or authoritarian, permissive (Bradley et al.
, 2017.
Ciciolla et al.
, 2017.
Czymoniewicz-Klippel et al.
, 2019.
Dicy et al.
, 2.
Most parents apply authoritarian parenting which authoritarian parenting harms children.
Authoritarian parenting is parenting that limit the will of the child and the child's demands to always follow the orders of This will make the children do not have confidence, and to make children afraid to state his opinion and make children be covered.
The children of authoritarian parenting are applied will have difficulty in a particular behavior.
Those who grew up in the family tend to be less authoritarian showed curiosity and emotions-positive emotions as well as less likely to be able to get along (Giallo et al.
, 2018.
Gu, 2018.
Herbers.
Garcia, & ObradoviN, 2017.
Jones-Mason.
Alkon.
Coccia, & Bush, 2.
In addition to authoritarian parenting that gives a negative impact on children, permissive parenting can also give a negative impact.
Permissive parenting makes children too spoiled and wayward boys against parental orders, parents who apply permissive parenting educating her son as best as possible but tend to be very passive when until the problem of the determination of the boundaries or respond to infidelity.
Child applies permissive parenting tend to be less disciplined.
The parents who apply permissive parenting tend to want to always be liked and the child growing up without being given an understanding for responsible responsibility and discipline (Negreiros.
Ballester.
Valero.
Carmo, & Gama, 2019.
Niec, 2018.
Piermattei.
Pace.
Tambelli.
DAoOnofrio, & Di Folco.
The application of good parenting will affect the child's development in the future, one of the authoritative Shapiro .
suggested "in terms of learning, parents who apply authoritative parenting give encouragement and praise to the son.
Good treatment of a mother will make children think positively about themselves and their surroundings (Simons.
Wu.
Conger, & Lorenz, 2017.
Tadjuddin.
Elfiah.
Meriyati.
Wekke, & Saregar, 2019.
Tissot.
Kuersten-Hogan.
Frascarolo.
Favez, & McHale, 2019.
Tu.
Gregson.
Erath, & Pettit, 2.
This can lead to the child being able to explore the optimal environment, and optimal child development is made anyway (Stams, 2.
Vice versa, many parents are wrong in applying to the parent that will have an impact on the development of the child.
Andayani .
through his work "A Focused on Child Abuse in Six Selected Provinces in Indonesia", found in the public sphere and domestic that most parents go wrong in treating his son .
Not just affects child development but also the formation of his The fault of parents at the time educating children will affect the development of children's emotional intelligence to affect the formation of his character.
The treatment of children who threaten the welfare of the child to grow and develop optimally both physical, social, psychological, mental and spiritual, are the wrong treatment so that the child does not have a strong personal character as a fortress in itself.
The character is the image of ourselves and a reflection of your attitude and manners.
The characters are the qualities or mental or moral strength, morals, or character of an individual who is a special personality that became the catalyst and driving force, as well as the difference with the other individual (Rote & Smetana.
Shawler & Funderburk, 2019.
Simon & Brooks, 2.
The application of the wrong parenting can also create child aggression.
One factor that influences aggressiveness is parenting.
Parenting parents greatly affect children's aggressive behavior.
In addition to the parenting wrong, the atmosphere in the house also affects the mindset of children, the home atmosphere that often causes conflict, can make the atmosphere between family members not comfortable can cause children to feel stress, insecurity, and discomfort.
The negative impact of that is a rampant crime in doing by a child, a case that many now are crimes where many do by children (Popa, 2018.
Radey.
Schelbe.
McWey, & Holtrop.
Rebollo & Gonzylez, 2.
The attitude of overprotective conducted the parent is also the mistake that a lot happens, overprotective attitude that is excessive protection that makes the child a chance to learn from their environment be covered, so that the child can not adapt to the environment.
Besides, the sense of overprotective, namely the excessive protection that can make children uncomfortable.
Many parents apply the attitude of overprotective in children which would cause a negative impact.
Characteristics of the overprotective parents will be reflected in the behavior of the child, for these traits is her every day a child's behavior raises self-doubts, feelings of insecurity, fear of doing something, be pessimistic, and difficult to socialize/hang out with his friends.
The attitude of the overprotective usually occurs on the youngest male, an only child, child adoption, children in need special and orphans, or orphans (Jones-Mason et al.
, 2018.
Lee.
Baker, & Whitebread, 2018.
& Grogan-Kaylor, 2017.
Piermattei et al.
, 2.
Journal homepage: http://journal.
com/index.
php/jles The analysis of the parenting implications on the emotional closeness .
In addition to the impacts of the application of the wrong parenting that already described, the positive impact of the application of the parenting right is to make children independently (Gu, 2018.
Han et al.
The independence of the child from the family and influenced by parenting the parent.
The sense of independence doing everything by their self, not suspended on others, and be able to account for his actions.
Another sense of independence is the process by which a person in control of their learning, in particular learning how to set goals, find the right resources, determine the method of learning used and evaluate their learning progress (Koss.
Cummings.
Davies, & Cicchetti, 2017.
Lee et al.
, 2018.
Leith.
Yuill, & Pike.
The characteristics of the self-sufficient child we can see from her confidence, as described, the characteristics of independence was responsible, thinking before acting, confident, and creative.
In addition to that described, the characteristics of independence are emotional independence, self-reliance, and independence Act of thinking.
Through parenting, parents should be able to foster children, effort to cultivate children's independence by helping children build confidence himself.
Usually, in adolescence, the child was to be self-sufficient because the supposed teenager is not dependent on the parent.
At the beginning of the age of the adolescents, the sign is already self-sufficient is not dependent on parents anymore (Ma & Grogan-Kaylor.
Marini.
Collins, & MacDermid Wadsworth, 2018.
Negreiros et al.
, 2.
Parenting is very influential in children especially in adolescence in which teenagers need guidance from parents, and by adolescence, this knowledge will be broad, good parenting affects development in children, especially in the time of adolescence, where teenagers must complete its development tasks well (Popa, 2018.
Simon & Brooks, 2019.
Tu et al.
, 2.
Teenager is the change from childhood towards adulthood which includes changes in physical, cognitive, and social changes.
The role of parenting and the role of parents is very important in adolescence, if the parent is wrong in applying to parents then it will affect the behavior of adolescents (Cantero-Garcya & Alonso-Tapia, 2017.
Dicy et al.
, 2017.
Herbers et al.
, 2017.
Shawler & Funderburk, 2019.
Simon & Brooks, 2.
The family factor is one of the factors that influence the behavior of adolescents.
If families applying the correct parenting then teenagers would be close to the parents.
As described by Hurlock, teens will think positively about themselves when the people that matter to him are enjoying them, and vice versa (Hurlock, 1.
In addition to the family, the environment is also becoming an important factor in their development of teenagers, an important factor during the development of adolescents is behavior, environmental and personal/cognition.
Adolescents desperately need guidance.
If not right in taking decisions at the time of the conflict takes place, they will fall into the risky behavior and will bear the consequences she continued in the form of a variety of physical and psychosocial health problems, that might even have to bear all his life.
Conclusions Can be concluded that parenting that is applied by the parent to the child, is very influential in maintaining the closeness of parent and child.
Many parents do not understand the true parenting so bad on the proximity of the parents and the child.
Authoritarian and permissive parenting that will give a negative impact on child development parent are often used.
The application of correct parenting will give a positive impact to the development of children and will keep the closeness between parent and child.
Recommended for parents should understand in advance about parenting that will be applied.
Parenting demokratif is good Parents should also understand the mindset of children, do not be too overprotektif attitudes in children applying, because it will make the child be covered and not independent.
Parents should be clever in guiding and disciplining children.
References