Public Health of Indonesia
E-ISSN: 2477-1570 | P-ISSN: 2528-1542

Original Research

The "Temukan, Obati Sampai Sembuh" (TOSS) Movement in
Breaking Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission at Bambaira
Health Center, Pasangkayu
Nur Afni*, Muhammad Jufri, Sudirman, Ahmad Yani, Muhammad Syukran, Indra Afrianto
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Palu, Indonesia. Jl. Rusdi Toana No.1, Talise, Kec. Palu Timur, Kota Palu, Sulawesi
Tengah 94118
*Corresponding author
Nur Afni
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Palu, Indonesia. Jl. Rusdi Toana No.1, Talise, Kec. Palu Timur, Kota Palu, Sulawesi
Tengah 94118. Email: nurafnifkmunismuh@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36685/phi.v11i3.1109

Copyright: © 2025 the Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

Article History:
Received 23 January 2025
Revised 28 April 2025
Accepted 2 June 2025

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge. Indonesia ranks among
countries with the highest TB burden, with over 800,000 cases reported in recent years (WHO,
2024). The Ministry of Health introduced the Temukan, Obati, Sampai Sembuh (TOSS) initiative to
enhance early detection and treatment adherence. However, implementation barriers persist,
especially in remote areas.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the TOSS TB program in breaking
TB transmission at Bambaira Health Center, Pasangkayu Regency, and to identify systemic
challenges and improvement opportunities.
Methods: This qualitative study used in-depth interviews, FGDs, observations, and document
analysis. Participants included healthcare workers, TB patients, caregivers, and community
leaders. Thematic analysis was conducted to explore program implementation.
Results: Barriers identified include poor public awareness, weak contact tracing, medication
stockouts, and limited follow-up systems. Stigma also discouraged patients from seeking care.
Nevertheless, early case detection and initial treatment showed promising outcomes when
supported by trained staff and community involvement.
Conclusion: Addressing systemic barriers through education, logistics, and community
engagement is key to TOSS TB success. Policy support and consistent funding are needed to ensure
sustainability and integration with other health services.
Keywords: tuberculosis; TOSS TB; health center; public health; Indonesia

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, with an estimated 10.6 million people
falling ill globally in 2022 and 1.3 million deaths among HIV-negative individuals, Indonesia ranks third worldwide in TB
burden, with over 820,000 new cases annually (World Health Organization, 2024a, 2024b). Despite national and global
efforts to reduce incidence, TB persists due to limited public awareness, persistent stigma, and inadequate health
infrastructure (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2023).
To address this, the Ministry of Health launched the Temukan, Obati, Sampai Sembuh (TOSS TB) program, which
focuses on early detection, effective treatment, and adherence monitoring (Pamela Sari & Rachmawati, 2019). Although
Volume 11, Issue 3, July – September 2025

181

the program is conceptually sound, implementation in remote and underserved regions remains inconsistent due to
operational and social barriers. Bambaira Health Center in Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi, plays a strategic role in
regional TB management. However, it confronts multiple barriers, such as limited access, staff shortages, and logistical
difficulties in reaching rural communities. These conditions hamper the effective implementation of TB control programs
and underscore the urgency of localized, evidence-based strategies (Adrian et al., 2020; Aviana et al., 2021).
Social stigma remains a primary obstacle in TB control, often discouraging individuals from seeking timely
diagnosis or adhering to treatment protocols (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2023). This is compounded by widespread
misconceptions about transmission and treatment, which hinder public health outreach. Additionally, community
engagement remains limited. Although community health workers (CHWs) and volunteers act as vital links between the
health system and local populations, their impact is reduced by lack of training, inadequate incentives, and operational
constraints (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2020)
Despite nationwide rollout of the TOSS TB program, empirical insights on its local implementation especially in
remote areas like Pasangkayu Regency remain scarce. Literature largely focuses on aggregated national statistics, with
limited attention to region-specific barriers and operational realities (Pamela Sari & Rachmawati, 2019; Zannah et al.,
2023). Understanding how factors like stigma, community involvement, and logistical support influence program success
is therefore critical. This study seeks to address the identified gap by evaluating the implementation of the TOSS TB
program at Bambaira Health Center, with a focus on uncovering operational challenges and proposing evidence-based
improvements. The findings aim to inform local and national strategies for strengthening TB control efforts in Indonesia.

Methods
Study Design
This study employed a qualitative descriptive design to explore the implementation of the TOSS TB program at Bambaira
Health Center, Pasangkayu Regency. This approach enabled an in-depth understanding of contextual factors, challenges,
and opportunities that affect program effectiveness. Study Design A qualitative descriptive design was adopted to capture
detailed perspectives from various stakeholders involved in the TOSS TB program. This method facilitated the collection
of nuanced, experience-based data from healthcare workers, TB patients, caregivers, and community members.
Settings
This research was conducted at Bambaira Health Center in Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi an area characterized by
a mix of urban and hard-to-reach rural populations. The center delivers primary health services, including TB screening,
treatment, and patient monitoring.
Participants
Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on the following inclusion criteria: active involvement in
the TOSS TB program, willingness to participate, and ability to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria included
severe illness impeding communication or refusal to participate. A total of 25 participants were involved, including
healthcare workers, TB patients, family caregivers, and community leaders.
Data Collection
Data were collected over a three-month period through the following methods: - Semi-structured interviews with 15
participants (healthcare workers, TB patients, and family caregivers); - Two focus group discussions involving 10
participants (community leaders and healthcare staff); - Direct observation during five TB screening sessions and three
follow-up visits; - Document review including program reports, TB treatment records, and national TB guidelines.
Interview guides were semi-structured, pilot-tested prior to data collection, and refined accordingly.
Data Analysis
A thematic analysis approach was used, following Braun & Clarke’s framework. Transcripts and notes were imported into
NVivo 12 software for systematic coding. The analysis included: - Familiarization with data; - Initial open coding; Categorization into themes; - Interpretation in line with research objectives. Two independent coders analyzed the data,
and discrepancies were resolved through discussion to enhance intercoder reliability.
Trustworthiness
To enhance trustworthiness, the study applied Lincoln and Guba’s criteria: - Credibility: Achieved through triangulation
across interviews, FGDs, observations, and documents. - Transferability: Facilitated by providing thick descriptions of the

Volume 11, Issue 3, July – September 2025

182

research setting and participants. - Dependability: Ensured by maintaining a transparent audit trail of procedures and
decisions. - Confirmability: Established through reflexivity and peer debriefing to minimize researcher bias.
Ethical Considerations
The study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Sulawesi Barat with reference number
No. 112/KEPK-UNSULBAR/IV/2023. All research procedures followed ethical guidelines for qualitative health research.
Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after a full explanation of the study’s objectives, voluntary
nature, and their right to withdraw without penalty. Confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained through
coded identifiers and secure data storage. The research team made every effort to ensure participants felt respected, safe,
and comfortable throughout the process.

Results
The results are presented according to six major themes that emerged during the analysis, each reflecting specific
challenges and opportunities in the implementation of the TOSS TB program at Bambaira Health Center. Table 1 below
summarizes the demographic and contextual profile of the 25 participants involved in this study.
Tabel 1. Participant Profile
Participant
Age
Role
Gender
Notes
Code
Range
HCW1
TB Program
Female 30–40 5 years of TB program experience
Coordinator
HCW2
Nurse
Female 25–35 Responsible for DOTS
implementation
HCW3
Head of Health Center
Male
40–50 Oversees TB program at facility level
HCW4
Nurse
Male
30–40 TB patient outreach and education
HCW5
TB Officer
Female 35–45 Handles TB reporting and drug
inventory
PAT1
TB Patient
Male
20–30 Undergoing treatment for 3 months
PAT2
TB Patient
Female 30–40 First-time TB diagnosis
PAT3
TB Patient
Male
25–35 Lost to follow-up then resumed
treatment
PAT4
TB Patient
Female 35–45 Living in remote village
PAT5
TB Patient
Male
18–25 Recently diagnosed
FAM1
Family Caregiver
Female 35–45 Caring for sibling with TB
FAM2
Family Caregiver
Male
40–50 Primary caregiver, lives in rural area
FAM3
Family Caregiver
Female 30–40 Wife of TB patient
FAM4
Family Caregiver
Male
25–35 Brother of TB patient
FAM5
Family Caregiver
Female 45–55 Caretaker with no health background
CL1
Community Leader
Male
50–60 Village head, supports health
campaigns
CL2
Religious Leader
Male
45–55 Promotes TB awareness in
community
CL3
Village Council
Female 35–45 Coordinates with health staff
Member
CL4
Youth Leader
Male
20–30 TB education through youth
programs
CL5
Women’s Group Chair
Female 40–50 Mobilizes mothers in TB education
CHV1
Community Health
Female 30–40 Active in TB education outreach
Volunteer
CHV2
Community Health
Male
25–35 Assists with sputum transport
Volunteer
CHV3
Community Health
Female 35–45 Former TB patient turned volunteer
Volunteer
CHV4
Community Health
Male
30–40 Supports defaulter tracing
Volunteer
CHV5
Community Health
Female 20–30 Young volunteer from urban village
Volunteer
Volume 11, Issue 3, July – September 2025

183

As shown in Table 1, the participant group reflects a representation of the TB care ecosystem at Bambaira Health
Center. Healthcare professionals contributed clinical and programmatic insights, while patients and caregivers shared
lived experiences of navigating diagnosis and treatment. Community leaders and volunteers added contextual
understanding related to local engagement and stigma. This diversity of perspectives enriched the thematic analysis
presented in the subsequent sections.
Theme 1: Awareness of the TOSS TB Program
Healthcare workers demonstrated a clear understanding of the TOSS TB program’s objectives and procedures.
However, awareness among TB patients and their families remained limited. Interviews indicated that health promotion
activities were sporadic and lacked consistency. A nurse stated, “Many patients don’t fully understand the importance of
completing their TB treatment because they rarely attend educational sessions.”
Stigma was a significant barrier to awareness. According to a community health volunteer, “Some families hide
TB cases because they don’t want neighbors to know.” This social stigma discouraged patients from participating in group
education sessions.
Educational outreach was also limited by shortages of printed materials. A program staff member reported, “We
often run out of materials, and restocking takes too long.”
Theme 2: Screening and Early Detection Challenges
Challenges Participants reported significant obstacles to early detection. A TB officer noted, “People wait until
their symptoms are severe before visiting the health center,” citing stigma and financial limitations as primary deterrents.
The COVID-19 pandemic also led to reduced TB screening, as many individuals avoided health facilities. A nurse
reported, “During the pandemic, the number of people coming in for TB tests dropped significantly.”
Logistical issues were also reported, particularly regarding the transport of sputum samples. Delays in test results
discouraged patient follow through.
Theme 3: Contact Tracing Limitations
Participants identified barriers to effective contact tracing. A nurse shared, “It’s difficult to convince patients to
share information about their family members or friends they’ve been in contact with,” primarily due to stigma and
privacy concerns.
Inconsistent implementation was also attributed to inadequate training. A TB program coordinator stated, “We
don’t have standardized guidelines for approaching families, and this makes tracing inconsistent.”
Human resource shortages also emerged as a barrier. Health workers often managed multiple responsibilities,
reducing time for contact tracing.
Theme 4: Treatment Barriers
TB treatment was challenged by financial burdens and side effects. A male TB patient expressed, “I couldn’t afford
to keep traveling to the health center every week for medication.”
Medication shortages were also reported. A nurse stated, “Sometimes we run out of medication, and patients lose
trust in the system.”
The long duration of TB treatment caused fatigue and reduced motivation among patients.
Theme 5: Monitoring and Follow-Up
Participants noted irregularities in monitoring, especially home visits. A TB nurse reported, “We can’t visit
patients regularly because we don’t have enough transportation facilities.”
The use of digital tools was minimal. A program coordinator remarked, “If we had proper mobile health tools, we
could keep track of patients better.”
Staff turnover further disrupted monitoring activities.
Theme 6: Integration with Other Health Programs
Programs Some healthcare workers reported a lack of coordination between the TOSS TB program and other
health services. A midwife explained, “Sometimes we duplicate efforts because different teams aren’t aligned.” Integration
with maternal and child health services was perceived as beneficial but inconsistently implemented.
Theme 7: Community Involvement
Community involvement in TB control was reported to be limited. A community volunteer shared, “We want to
help, but we need better training and support.” Constraints included inadequate capacity building and absence of
structured support.

Volume 11, Issue 3, July – September 2025

184

Discussion
This study highlights structural and operational barriers that undermine the effectiveness of the TOSS TB
program in a resource-constrained setting. Socio-cultural stigma, fragmented communication, and logistical inefficiencies
persist as core challenges. This discussion contextualizes the findings within broader TB control literature and outlines
strategies to enhance implementation.
Theme 1: Awareness of the TOSS TB Program
Program The study found a clear gap between the programmatic knowledge held by healthcare workers and the
limited awareness among patients and their families. This discrepancy reflects longstanding weaknesses in communitylevel health promotion, which are further complicated by stigma and misinformation. Participants reported sporadic
health education activities, minimal patient engagement, and inadequate distribution of educational materials.
This aligns with literature emphasizing the need for localized, continuous health promotion tailored to cultural
norms and communication styles (Agus Fitriangga, 2024; Waliulu et al., 2024). Interventions that involve trusted local
actors such as religious leaders or school personnel have been shown to be more effective. CHWs must be supported
through regular training and logistical reinforcement to serve as effective community liaisons (Setyowati et al., 2018).
Theme 2: Screening and Early Detection Challenges
Challenges Financial hardship, long distances to healthcare centers, and TB-related stigma emerged as key
barriers to timely diagnosis. These findings reflect broader trends documented during public health crises, including
COVID-19, where health-seeking behavior declined significantly due to fear and access constraints. Overcoming these
obstacles requires innovations such as mobile screening units, decentralized sputum collection, and digital platforms for
remote access approaches that have proven effective in similar settings (Mahmood et al., 2020; Mergenthaler et al., 2022).
Integrating financial assistance and community-based diagnostic services is particularly important in remote areas.
Theme 3: Contact Tracing Limitations
Stigma and privacy concerns hindered the disclosure of close contacts by TB patients, limiting the reach of tracing
efforts. These findings mirror global reports on the influence of trust and confidentiality in public health surveillance (Latif
et al., 2023). Trust-building measures including culturally sensitive communication and strict confidentiality are critical
to improving contact tracing (Alcantara et al., 2017; Al-Worafi, 2023). Strengthening human resources and adopting digital
tools may enhance coverage and consistency, as also highlighted in national TB guidelines (Ropitasari et al., 2024).
Theme 4: Treatment Barriers
This study confirms that prolonged TB treatment, coupled with transportation costs and medication side effects,
significantly impedes patient adherence. Medication stockouts further worsen these barriers by disrupting continuity and
diminishing trust in the health system. These findings are supported by studies showing that comprehensive support
transport subsidies, psychosocial services, and nutritional aid can improve adherence (Hutchison et al., 2017; World
Health Organization, 2014, 2020). Strengthening the medicine supply chain is also vital to prevent treatment interruption
and maintain patient confidence.
Theme 5: Monitoring and Follow-Up
Monitoring inconsistencies such as infrequent home visits and underutilized digital tools emerged as critical gaps
in patient tracking. Frequent staff turnover further disrupted continuity, undermining follow-up and data consistency.
Mobile health innovations, including SMS reminders and real-time dashboards, have proven effective in comparable lowresource settings (Alcantara et al., 2017; Mahmood et al., 2020). These technologies, when coupled with workforce
stability and ongoing training, can improve adherence tracking and reporting reliability (Al-Worafi, 2023; Setyowati et al.,
2018).
Theme 6: Integration with Other Health Programs
Weak coordination across health programs emerged as a barrier to optimizing TB services. Although maternal
and child health programs offer an opportunity for synergy, the study revealed operational silos and duplication of efforts.
These gaps reflect broader systemic inefficiencies observed in decentralized health systems. Evidence suggests that
shared reporting systems, interdepartmental communication protocols, and integrated training can facilitate
collaboration and avoid redundancy (Istiono et al., 2024; Setyowati et al., 2018).
Theme 7: Community Involvement
Despite their frontline position, community actors such as health volunteers and local leaders are not fully
mobilized. Lack of structured support and limited training impede their ability to contribute to awareness and adherence.
This reflects a missed opportunity to localize TB control. Community empowerment should be institutionalized through
capacity-building, mentorship schemes, and modest incentives. Peer-led education has demonstrated success in
increasing trust and reducing stigma (Hutchison et al., 2017; Ropitasari et al., 2024; World Health Organization, 2020).
Support TB control remains vulnerable to systemic delays in budget execution and shifting political priorities.
The lack of stable and timely funding undercuts planning and service continuity, a trend common in under-resourced
health systems. Long-term sustainability requires political will, transparent budgeting, and integrating TB into broader
Volume 11, Issue 3, July – September 2025

185

health and social protection agendas (World Health Organization, 2020). Advocacy efforts should be aligned with national
health financing reforms and decentralized governance frameworks. The barriers reported stigma, service fragmentation,
and workforce limitations are consistent with global TB program challenges. This study contributes a localized
understanding by highlighting how geographic isolation and cultural stigma uniquely shape implementation in remote
Indonesian settings. Thus, solutions must be context-driven and co-developed with community stakeholders.

Conclusion
This study reveals that the effectiveness of the TOSS TB program in Bambaira is constrained by structural, operational,
and sociocultural challenges. Limited public awareness, stigma, staff turnover, and supply disruptions undermine
program outcomes. Strategic improvements must focus on localizing health education, strengthening inter-program
integration, and enhancing digital infrastructure for monitoring. Collaborative and community-based approaches,
supported by sustained policy and funding commitments, are essential to improve TB control in remote settings. To
strengthen the implementation of the TOSS TB program in remote areas, the following actions are recommended: Intensify
culturally tailored health education by engaging schools, media, and faith-based organizations to improve TB awareness.
Upgrade training modules for healthcare workers to enhance screening, tracing, and communication competencies.
Ensure uninterrupted TB drug supply through strengthened logistics and supply chain coordination. Introduce patient
support schemes such as transportation subsidies and treatment incentives to reduce economic burdens. Adopt mobile
health technologies for real-time monitoring, adherence tracking, and improved data reporting. Foster intersectoral
collaboration to align TB programs with other health and development initiatives. Secure long-term funding and integrate
TB control into broader policy frameworks. Mobilize local leadership and peer educators to reduce stigma, build trust,
and sustain community engagement.
Declaration of conflicting interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The study
was self-funded by the authors as part of academic research activities
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the staff of Bambaira Health Center, TB patients and their families,
community health volunteers, and local leaders in Pasangkayu Regency for their valuable participation and insights during this study.
We also thank the research assistants and field enumerators for their support in data collection and documentation. Appreciation is
extended to colleagues at the Faculty of Public Health (FKM) and to the institutional leadership of Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu
(Unismuh Palu) for their support and encouragement throughout the research and manuscript preparation process.
Author Contribution
The author was solely responsible for the conception and design of the study, development of the methodology, coordination of data
collection and analysis, as well as the drafting, critical revision, and final approval of the manuscript. All aspects of the research and
writing process were conducted independently by the author.
Author Biography
Nur Afni is affiliated with the Faculty of Public Health at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, Indonesia. Her academic expertise is in
epidemiology and public health, with research interests focused on communicable disease control and health promotion. She is actively
engaged in academic development and public health outreach initiatives.
Muhammad Jufri is affiliated with the Public Health Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu. His research focuses on health
communication and promotion. He participates in a variety of community health projects aimed at improving public awareness and
behavioral change.
Sudirman is a scholar from Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu with expertise in public health. His interests include hospital management
and health policy. He contributes to research and initiatives that support improvements in health system governance and service
quality.
Ahmad Yani is an academic affiliated with Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu. His scholarly focus includes health promotion, youth health,
and health literacy. He is actively involved in scientific publishing and contributes to the advancement of public health knowledge
through education and research.
Muhammad Syukran is affiliated with the Faculty of Public Health at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu. His areas of expertise include
health policy, health insurance, and healthcare financing. He is engaged in applied public health research and evidence-based policy
development.
References
Volume 11, Issue 3, July – September 2025

186

Adrian, M. M., Purnomo, E. P., & Agustiyara, A. (2020). Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah PERMENKES NO 67 Tahun 2016 Dalam
Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis di Kota Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia: JKKI, 9(2), 83–88.
Agus Fitriangga, M. K. M. (2024). Monograf peran patient supporter dalam pendampingan orang dengan tuberkulosis (odtbc) resisten
obat di Indonesia. PT. Media Penerbit Indonesia.
Alcantara, M. F., Cao, Y., Liu, C., Liu, B., Brunette, M., Zhang, N., Sun, T., Zhang, P., Chen, Q., & Li, Y. (2017). Improving tuberculosis
diagnostics using deep learning and mobile health technologies among resource-poor communities in Perú. Smart Health, 1,
66–76.
Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023). Tuberculosis Management in Developing Countries. In Handbook of Medical and Health Sciences in
Developing Countries: Education, Practice, and Research (pp. 1–40). Springer.
Aviana, F., Jati, S. P., & Budiyanti, R. T. (2021). Systematic Review Pelaksanaan Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant
Tuberculosis Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(2), 215–222.
Hutchison, C., Khan, M. S., Yoong, J., Lin, X., & Coker, R. J. (2017). Financial barriers and coping strategies: a qualitative study of
accessing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and tuberculosis care in Yunnan, China. BMC Public Health, 17, 1–11.
Istiono, W., Sutomo, A. H., Izhar, M. D., & Welembuntu, M. (2024). Strategi Penerapan Patient Centered Care pada Pelayanan Kesehatan
Primer. UGM PRESS.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2020). Petunjuk Teknis Penatalaksanaan Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat di Indonesia. Kementerian
Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Laporan Program Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Tahun 2022.
Latif, N. A. I., Kep, M., Tiala, N. N. H., Kep, M., La Masahuddin, N., & Kep, M. (2023). TUBERKULOSIS: Tinjauan Medis, Asuhan
Keperawatan, dan E-Health. CV. Ruang Tentor.
Leka, S., Jain, A., Zwetsloot, G., & Cox, T. (2010). Policy-level interventions and work-related psychosocial risk management in the
European Union. Work & Stress, 24(3), 298–307.
Mahmood, H., Mckinstry, B., Luz, S., Fairhurst, K., Nasim, S., Hazir, T., & Collaboration, R. (2020). Community health worker-based
mobile health (mHealth) approaches for improving management and caregiver knowledge of common childhood infections:
a systematic review. Journal of Global Health, 10(2).
Mergenthaler, C., Mathewson, J. D., Latif, A., Tahir, H., Meurrens, V., van Werle, A., Rashid, A., Tariq, M., Ahmed, T., & Naureen, F. (2022).
Factors affecting the transition from paper to digital data collection for mobile tuberculosis active case finding in low
internet access settings in Pakistan. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 7(8), 201.
World Health Organization. (2014). Tuberculosis control. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia.
World Health Organization. (2020). Health policy and system support to optimize community health worker programmes for HIV, TB
and malaria services: an evidence guide.
Pamela Sari, N., & Rachmawati, A. S. (2019). Pendidikan Kesehatan Tuberkulosis “TOSS TB (Temukan Obati Sampai Sembuh).”
ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1), 103–107. https://doi.org/10.35568/abdimas.v2i1.338
Ropitasari, S. K., Nur, R., Patonah, S., KM, S., Laksono, R. D., SpPD, M., FINASIM, S. H., MH, M., Matara, I. I. K. A., & Sadat, L. A. (2024).
KEBIJAKAN KESEHATAN. CV Rey Media Grafika.
Setyowati, I., Saraswati, L. D., & Adi, M. S. (2018). Gambaran faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan kinerja petugas dalam penemuan kasus
pada program Tuberkulosis Paru di Kabupaten Grobogan. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 6(1), 264–272.
Waliulu, Y. S., Sos, S., Kom, M. I., Marasabessy, N. B., ST, S., Rejo, S. S. T., Yuniarti, T., KM, S., Sudiadnyana, I. W., & Indarwati, S. K. M.
(2024). KOMUNIKASI KESEHATAN. CV Rey Media Grafika.
World Health Organization. (2024a). TB disease burden: TB incidence and country profiles. https://www.who.int/teams/globaltuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2024/tb-disease-burden/1-1-tb-incidence
World Health Organization. (2024b). The second national TB inventory study in Indonesia. https://www.who.int/teams/globaltuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2024/featured-topics/the-second-national-tb-inventorystudy-in-indonesia
Zannah, A. N., Purwanti, D., & Nur, T. (2023). Implementasi program pelayanan temukan, obati sampai sembuh penderita tuberkulosis
(toss-tb) di Puskesmas Selabatu Kota Sukabumi. Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah, 7(1), 85–104.

Volume 11, Issue 3, July – September 2025

187