Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
7 No.
1 Ae January Ae June 2024.
page 1-12 p-ISSN: 2655-2418.
e-ISSN: 2655-7630 journal homepage: https://ejournal.
DOI : 10.
37430/jen.
Article history:
Received: November 7th, 2023 Revised: November 24th, 2023 Accepted: December 19th, 2023 Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby at RSIA Permata Hati Fathiyati1.
Al-Bahra2.
Adila Rossa3.
Ratna Wati Department of Midwifery.
Salsabila College of Health Sciences.
Serang Ae Indonesia1 Information Technology Education Study Program-Raharja University.
TangerangAeIndonesia2 Management.
Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta Ae Indonesia3 STIAMI Institute of Social Sciences and Management4 e-mail: fathiyati@gmail.
com1, albarha@raharja.
info2, moch.
rossa@gmail.
ras030507@gmail.
Abstract The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between breech delivery and the condition of the mother and baby at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021.
The conceptual framework in this research is the independent variables in the form of maternal age, parity, history of previous births, gestational age, hydramnios, placenta previa and twins and the dependent variable is breech position.
It is hoped that the benefits of this research can be used as a source of reference in handling breech In this study the author used a descriptive method by collecting data using secondary data from (Medical Record.
Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately with a population distribution of the frequency of breech position events that occurred at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021 as many as 133 people.
The results of the overall study showed that 68 people .
%) experienced pure buttock breech births and those who experienced 32 people .
%) conveyed the location of the breech buttocks.
The maternal age at risk of breech delivery was 41 people .
%) and the age without risk was 59 people .
%).
And 59 mothers .
%) had a previous delivery history and 41 mothers .
%) did not have a previous delivery history.
It is hoped that the results of this research health workers can improve the quality of services, especially in handling breech cases and can improve the quality of existing services again.
Keywords: Breech Position.
Childbirth History.
Placenta Previa.
Hydramnios.
Multiple Pregnancy.
Introduction Childbirth is the process of expelling the products of conception in the form of a fetus and placenta which are at term, namely 37-42 weeks of gestation and can live outside the womb either with or without assistance.
Normal delivery is the process of expelling a fetus that is at term, born spontaneously with a posterior presentation that lasts 18 hours without complications for the mother or fetus.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, every year 358,000 mothers die during childbirth, of which 355,000 .
%) come from developing countries.
The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in developing countries is the highest with 290 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births compared Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
7 No.
Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby to the MMR in developed countries, namely 14 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
The MMR in 2018 in the world was 303,000, a decrease of around 44% compared to 1990.
The IMR aged 011 months was 34 per 1000 live births.
The most sensitive indicator of the success of maternal and child health programs is the perinatal and maternal mortality rate.
This situation is caused by malpresentations including abnormalities in breech presentation, hypoxia and birth In all births, 3-4% of cases are The incidence of breech presentation ranges from 25-30% when gestation is 28 weeks and cephalic presentation occurs at 34 weeks gestation.
The cause of breech position is poor or non-existent fixation of the head on the pelvic inlet.
The fetus moves easily, such as hydramnios, multipara, small fetus, gemelli, uterine abnormalities such as aruatus uterus, uterine myoma.
The fetus died long ago.
From the research results, the incidence of prolonged labor is 2.
One of the factors that influences long labor is positional abnormalities, in this case the breech position due to accommodation disorders, free fetal movement, fixation problems at the upper pelvic inlet, often obstructed labor or prolonged labor.
Clinical conditions of breech delivery include conditions that can increase fetal mortality or affect the vertical polarity of the uterine cavity.
Breech delivery occurs in 3-4% of all term pregnancies.
A higher percentage of breech position occurs at a less advanced gestational age.
At 32 weeks 7% of fetuses are breech and 28 weeks or less are typically breech.
The recurrence rate for second pregnancies is nearly 10% and for subsequent pregnancies 27%.
Breech pregnancy can be caused by many things, including: multiparity, hydramnios, hydrocephalus, anencephaly, placenta previa, narrow pelvis, uterine abnormalities and uterine deformities, implantation of the placenta in the uterine fundus horn.
Birth in the breech position can cause emergencies in the fetus, such as amniotic fluid poisoning and asphyxia, while in the mother it is possible that the birth canal will tear and cause prolonged labor so that infection can occur.
A breech birth can be performed vaginally if the patient is not an old primigravida, the fetus has a high social value baby, a bad obstetric history, the fetus is not large .
o more 5 k.
, no pelvic narrowing and no Based on data obtained at RSIA Permata Hati in 2020, the results were 122 .
83%) of the total number of births, namely 1787 people.
Then in 2021 the results were 133 .
07%) of the total number of births, namely 1881 people.
There are many factors for breech excessive amniotic fluid, multiple pregnancies, placenta previa, narrow pelvis, myoma, hydrocephalus, large fetus, history of previous births, and age and gestational age.
Part of the reason is that there is a flabby buttocks Some mothers give birth to all their babies in breech presentation indicating that the shape of their pelvis is such that it is more suitable for breech presentation than cephalic presentation.
Implantation of the placenta in the fundus or in the uterine tone tends to facilitate breech presentation.
The position of the breech can certainly affect the birth process.
If what happens is pure breech presentation, then normal delivery is still relatively easy in Meanwhile, if what happens is foot presentation, when the membranes rupture spontaneously, the umbilical cord may also come out .
mbilical cord If delivery is not carried out immediately, the fetus may not be saved.
Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
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Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby To prevent this, delivery can be done by caesarean section.
However, the best therapy is prevention.
Preventing or at least being prepared is important.
Preventive measures are not only taken during childbirth, but are started when the mother is pregnant by providing good antenatal care.
The general aim of this research is to determine the frequency distribution of mothers with breech births, the frequency distribution of mothers with breech births based on age, parity, birth history, hydramnios, multiple pregnancies, as well as the relationship between age, parity, birth history , gestational age, placenta previa, hydramnios, twin pregnancies with breech delivery at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021.
Method In this study the author used a descriptive method with a cross sectional Data collection uses secondary data from (Medical Record.
The population in this study were all women giving birth with breech presentation, namely 133 women giving birth at RSIA Permata Hati.
The sample in this study was a portion of mothers who gave birth in a breech position at RSIA Permata Hati.
The sample size in this study was calculated using the Solvin formula.
The number of samples used in this research was 100 mothers giving birth in breech position at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021.
The sampling technique used in this research was the Simple Random Sampling technique.
The method for taking samples in this research is by making a lottery according to the population size, starting from 1 to 133, then shuffling until you get a lottery according to the number of samples.
The numbers that come out of the lottery will be used as a research sample.
In this study, the instruments used in data collection were patient status obtained from RSIA Permata Hati medical records and checklist sheets.
The data used is secondary data, namely by looking at the patient's status in the RSIA Permata Hati Ciputat medical record.
After data collection is carried out, the data is processed using random sampling as follows with the Editing.
Coding.
Entry and Cleaning steps.
Result Univariate Analysis Breech Delivery Table-1.
Distribution of frequency of breech delivery among women giving birth at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021 No Breech Frequency Percentage (%) Pure Ass Legs Buttocks Amount Table 1 above shows that of the 100 mothers who gave birth in the breech position with pure buttocks, there were 68 people .
%), while those who experienced birth in breech position with the buttocks of the legs were 32 people .
%).
Breech Delivery Based on Age Table-2.
Frequency Distribution of Breech Delivery Based on Age to mothers giving birth at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021 No Mother's Age Frequency Percentage (%) At risk (<20 and >35 year.
No Risk 20 to 35 Amount Table 2 above shows that of the 100 mothers who experienced breech delivery, those aged 20 to 35 years were 59 people .
%) while those aged <20 and >35 years were 41 people .
%).
Breech Delivery Based on Parity Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
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Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby Table-3.
Frequency Distribution of Breech Delivery Based on Parity to mothers giving birth at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021 No Maternal Frequency Percentage Parity (%) Primipara Multi or Grandemulti Amount Table 3 above shows that out of 100 mothers in labor who experienced breech presentation in mothers with primiparous parity, there were 45 people .
%), while those with multiparous or grandemulti parity were 55 people .
%).
Breech Position Delivery Based on Past Birth History Table-4.
Frequency Distribution of Breech Delivery Based on History Previous birth at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021 No Past birth Frequency Percentage (%) Yes Amount Table 4 shows that out of 100 mothers who experienced birth with a breech position based on previous birth history, there were 59 people .
%), while 41 women .
%) gave birth without a history of previous birth.
Breech Delivery Gestational Age Based Table-5.
Frequency Distribution of Breech
Delivery in Pregnant Women Based on gestational age at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021
No Gestational Frequency Percentage Age
(%)
20 to 37 Weeks 38 to 42 Weeks Amount Table 5 shows that out of 100 mothers who gave birth in a breech position based on a gestational age of 20-37 weeks, there were 51 people .
%), while mothers who gave birth in a breech position based on a gestational age of 38-42 weeks, namely 49 people.
%).
Breech Delivery Based on Placenta Previa Table-6.
Frequency Distribution of Breech
Delivery in Pregnant Women Based on Placenta
Previa at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021
No Placenta
Frequency Percentage Previa
(%)
Yes Amount Table 6 shows that out of 100 mothers who experienced a breech delivery based on placenta previa, there were 39 people .
%), while those who experienced a breech delivery without placenta previa were 61 people .
%).
Breech Delivery Hydramnios Based Table-7.
Frequency Distribution of Breech Delivery in Pregnant Women Based on Hydramnios at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021 No Hydramnios Frequency Percentage (%) Yes Amount Table 7 shows that out of 100 mothers who gave birth in a breech position based on hydramnios, there were 60 people .
%), while there were 40 mothers who experienced birth in a breech position without hydramnios, namely 40 people .
%).
Breech Delivery Based on Multiple Pregnancy Table-8.
Distribution of breech delivery events among mothers giving birth Based on Twin Pregnancies at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021 No Multiple Frequency Percentage Pregnancy (%) Yes Amount Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
7 No.
Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby Table 8 shows that out of 100 mothers who experienced breech delivery with twin pregnancies, there were 56 people .
%), while 44 people .
%) experienced breech birth without twin Bivariate Analysis The relationship between maternal age and breech delivery Table-9.
The relationship between maternal age and breech delivery to mothers giving birth at RSIA
Permata Hati in 2021
No Age
Breech location Total
P value OR 95%CI Pure Ass
Leg Buttocks Oc
At risk
0,787
1,239
(<20 and Cl=0,523>35 year.
2,935 No Risk Amount Data analysis: From table 9, it is known that the number of birth mothers who experienced pure buttock breech position was 39 people .
4%) while the number of birth mothers who experienced pure buttock breech position were at the age of ( 20-35 year.
as many as 20 people .
5%).
The results of statistical tests using Chi-Square obtained Pvalue > (Pvalue = 0.
meaning that = 0.
shows that there is no relationship between maternal age and breech delivery in women giving birth.
The relationship between maternal parity and breech delivery Table-10.
The relationship between maternal parity and breech delivery to mothers giving birth at RSIA
Permata Hati in 2021
No Parity Breech location Total
95%CI
Pure Ass
Leg Buttocks Oc
Primipara
52,9%
28,1%
2,875
0,035
CI=
Multipara or 47,1% 71,9% 1,162 Ae
Grandemultipara
7,113
Amount Data analysis: From table 10, it is known that the birth mothers who experienced a lot of pure buttock breech position were 36 people .
9%) in the primipara parity, while the number of birth mothers who experienced a lot of pure buttock breech position were 23 people in the multiparous or grandemultipara parity.
9%).
The results of statistical tests using Chi-Square with continuity correction obtained Pvalue < (Pvalue = .
meaning that = 0.
05 shows that there is a relationship between maternal parity and breech delivery in mothers giving birth.
Analysis of the close relationship between the 2 variables obtained OR = 2.
%): CI: 1.
162 Ae This means that mothers who have multiparous or grandemultiparous parity have a 2.
87 times greater chance of having a breech fetus compared to mothers who have primiparous parity.
Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
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Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby The relationship between previous birth history and breech delivery Table-11.
The relationship between previous birth history and breech delivery to mothers giving birth at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021
No Past birth history Breech location Total
95%CI
Pure Ass
Leg Buttocks Oc
Yes
51,5%
0,044
0,354
CI=
48,5%
0,139 Amount
0,897
Data analysis: From table 11, it is known that 35 birth mothers who experienced pure buttock breech position had a history of previous births .
5%) while birth mothers who experienced a lot of pure buttock breech position were those who had a history of pure birth.
then as many as 24 people .
%).
The results of statistical tests using Chi-Square with continuity correction obtained Pvalue < (Pvalue = 0.
meaning that = 0.
shows that there is a relationship between the history of previous births in the mother and the breech delivery in the birthing mother.
Analysis of the close relationship between the 2 variables obtained OR = 0.
%): CI: 0.
This means that mothers who have a history of previous breech births have a chance of having a breech delivery fetus again by 0.
35 times greater than mothers who do not have a previous history of breech births.
The relationship between gestational age and breech delivery Table-12.
The relationship between gestational age and breech delivery to mothers giving birth at RSIA Permata Hati Gestational Age Breech location Total P value OR 95%CI Pure Ass Leg Buttocks Oc Oc Oc 20-37 weeks 58,8% 31,3% 0,018 2,772 CI=1,1372.
38-42 weeks 41,2% 68,8% 6,541 Amount Data analysis: From table 12, it is known that 40 women who gave birth experienced pure buttock breech position, namely at the gestational age of 20-37 weeks, while 40 mothers who gave birth experienced a lot of pure buttock breech position, namely at 38 weeks of gestation.
-42 weeks as many as 28 people .
2%).
The results of statistical tests using ChiSquare obtained Pvalue < (Pvalue = .
meaning that = 0.
05 indicates that there is a relationship between the gestational age of the mother and the incidence of breech position in the mother giving birth.
Analysis of the close relationship between the two variables showed that OR = 2.
%) : CI :
541, meaning that women giving birth at 20-37 weeks of gestation had a 72 times greater chance of breech occurrence compared to those with 38-42 weeks of gestation.
e The relationship between placenta previa and breech delivery Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
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Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby Table-13.
The relationship between placenta previa and breech delivery to mothers giving birth at RSIA
Permata Hati in 2021
No Placenta Previa
Breech location Total
OR 95%CI
Pure Ass
Leg Buttocks Oc
Yes
36,8%
43,8%
0,654
0,748
CI=0,3182.
63,2%
56,3%
1,757
Amount Data analysis: From table 13, it is known that 43 women who gave birth experienced pure buttock breech position, that is, not with placenta previa, were 43 people .
2%), while 18 women who gave birth experienced pure buttock breech position, namely not with placenta .
3%).
The results of statistical tests using Chi-Square obtained Pvalue > (Pvalue = 0.
meaning that = 0.
shows that there is no relationship between placenta previa in mothers and the incidence of breech presentation in mothers giving birth.
The hydramnios and breech delivery Table-14.
The relationship between hydramnios and breech delivery to mothers giving birth at RSIA
Permata Hati in 2021
No Hydramnios Breech location Total
OR 95%CI
Pure Ass
Leg Buttocks Oc
Yes
67,6%
43,8%
0,040
2,688
CI=1,1332.
32,4%
56,3%
6,376
Amount Data analysis: From table 14, it is known that 46 women who gave birth experienced pure buttock breech position, namely with hydramnios, while 18 people who gave birth experienced pure buttock breech position, namely not with hydramnios, were 18 people .
, 3%).
The results of statistical tests using ChiSquare obtained Pvalue < (Pvalue = .
meaning that = 0.
05 indicates that there is a relationship between hydramnios in mothers and the incidence of breech position in mothers giving Analysis of the close relationship between the two variables showed that OR = 2.
%) : CI : 1.
meaning that mothers who gave birth with hydramnios had a 2.
68 times greater chance of having a breech position compared to mothers who gave birth without hydramnios.
The relationship between multiple pregnancies and breech delivery Table-15.
The relationship between multiple pregnancies and breech delivery to mothers giving birth at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021
No Multiple Breech location Total
OR 95%CI
Pregnancy Pure Ass
Leg Buttocks Oc
Yes
66,2%
34,4%
0,006
3,735
Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
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Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby Amount
33,8%
Data analysis: From table 15, it is known that 45 birth mothers experienced pure buttock breech position, namely twin pregnancies .
2%), while 21 birth mothers experienced pure buttock breech position, namely not twin pregnancies .
6%).
The results of statistical tests using Chi-Square obtained Pvalue < (Pvalue = 0.
meaning that = 0.
indicates that there is a relationship between twin pregnancies in mothers and the incidence of breech position in mothers giving birth.
Analysis of the close relationship between the two variables showed that OR = 3.
: CI = 1.
057, meaning that women giving birth with twin pregnancies have a 73 times greater chance of having a breech position compared to women giving birth who do not have twin Discussion Mother gives birth with the fetus in the breech position The results of the research that has been carried out show that out of a sample of 100 mothers giving birth with breech presentation at RSIA Permata Hati in 2021, 68 .
%) had pure buttocks and 32 .
%) with buttocks.
If we look at independent variables such as: parity, history of previous births, gestational age, hydramnios, multiple pregnancies and these variables are related to the incidence of breech position, while independent variables such as: maternal age and placenta previa have no relationship with the incidence of breech Relationship between maternal age and breech position events The results of the univariate research showed that of the 100 mothers who 65,6% CI=1,5409,057 experienced breech delivery, those aged 20 to 35 years were 59 people .
%) while those aged <20 and >35 years were 41 people .
%).
Based on the results of the bivariate analysis carried out, it can be seen that out of 100 mothers who gave birth with breech delivery in the maternal age group of 20-35 years, there were 59 people .
%) while those aged <20 and >35 years were 41 people .
%).
The results of bivariate analysis using the chi square statistical test to determine the relationship between maternal age and the incidence of breech position in mothers giving birth, obtained a P-Value > (P-Value = 0.
, meaning that at = 5%, it shows that there is no significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of breech position in women giving birth, so that the research hypothesis on both variables failed to be The results of the bivariate analysis do not match the hypothesis that the researcher has formulated.
Relationship between Parity and the incidence of Breech Position The results of the univariate research showed that out of 100 mothers in labor who experienced breech presentation in mothers with primiparous parity, there were 45 people .
%), while those with multiparous or grandemulti parity were 55 people .
%).
Based on the bivariate analysis, it can be seen that out of 100 mothers who gave birth with breech delivery, the majority were in the group of maternal parity cases, namely in multiparous and grandemulti as many as 55 people .
%) while in primiparous parity there were 45 people .
%).
Based on the results of bivariate analysis using the chi square statistical test with continuity correction, the PValue value < (P-Value = 0.
Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
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Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby meaning that = 5% indicates that there is a significant relationship between maternal parity and the incidence of breech position in mothers giving birth.
so that the alternative research hypothesis on both variables is accepted.
And it is known that multiparous and grandemulti parity have a 2.
475 times greater chance of breech delivery in mothers compared to primiparous mothers.
Relationship between previous birth history and the incidence of breech The results of the univariate research showed that out of 100 mothers who experienced birth with a breech position based on previous birth history, there were 59 people .
%), while 41 women .
%) gave birth without a history of previous birth.
Based on the results of the bivariate analysis carried out, it can be seen that out of 100 mothers who gave birth with breech delivery in the group of cases with a history of previous birth, there were 59 people .
%) while there were 41 people .
%) who gave birth without a history of previous birth.
The results of bivariate analysis using the chi square statistical test with continuity correction to determine the relationship between the previous history of breech position and the incidence of breech position in mothers giving birth obtained a P-Value < (P-Value = .
, meaning that at = 5% it shows that there is There is a significant relationship between a history of previous breech position and the incidence of breech position in women giving birth, and it is known that having a history of previous breech position increases the experience of breech position by 0.
times greater than having no previous history of breech position.
Relationship between gestational age and the incidence of breech position The results of the univariate research showed that out of 100 mothers who gave birth in a breech position based on a gestational age of 20-37 weeks, there were 51 people .
%), while mothers who gave birth in a breech position based on a gestational age of 38-42 weeks were 49 people ( 49%).
Based on the bivariate analysis carried out, it can be seen that out of 100 mothers who gave birth with a breech delivery in the 20-37 weeks gestational age group, there were 51 people .
%) while there were 49 women who gave birth with a gestational age of 38-42 weeks .
%).
The results of bivariate analysis using the chi square statistical test showed that there was a relationship between gestational age and the incidence of breech position in mothers giving birth.
The P-Value < (P-Value = 0.
meaning that at = 5%, it showed that there was a significant relationship between age.
20-37 weeks of pregnancy with the incidence of breech position in women giving birth, and it is known that the gestational age of breech position is 2,772 times greater than the gestational age of 38-42 weeks.
Relationship previa and breech presentation The results of the univariate analysis showed that of the 100 mothers who experienced breech delivery based on placenta previa, there were 39 people .
%), while those who experienced breech delivery without placenta previa were 61 people .
%).
Based on the bivariate analysis carried out, it can be seen that out of 100 mothers who gave birth with breech delivery in the group of cases with placenta previa, there were 39 people .
%) while there were 61 women who gave birth without placenta previa .
%).
The results of bivariate analysis using the chi square statistical test showed that Journal Educational of Nursing (JEN) Vol.
7 No.
Fathiyati | Relationship between Breech Delivery and The Condition of Mother and Baby there was a relationship between gestational age and the incidence of breech position in mothers giving birth, obtained a P-Value > (P-Value = .
, meaning that at = 5%, it showed that there was no significant relationship between placenta previa with the occurrence of breech position in mothers giving birth, so that the research hypothesis on both variables failed to be The results of the bivariate analysis do not match the hypothesis that the researcher has formulated.
Relationship between hydramnios and breech position The results of the univariate analysis showed that out of 100 mothers who experienced birth with a breech position based on hydramnios, there were 60 people .
%), while there were 40 mothers who experienced birth with a breech position without hydramnios .
%).
Based on the bivariate analysis carried out, it can be seen that out of 100 mothers who gave birth with breech delivery in the group of cases with hydramnios there were 60 people .
%) while there were 40 women who gave birth without hydramnios .
%).
The results of bivariate analysis using the chi square statistical test showed that there was a relationship between gestational age and the incidence of breech position in women giving birth.
The P-Value < (P-Value = 0.
meaning that at = 5%, it showed that there was a significant relationship between hydramnios.
with the incidence of breech position in women giving birth, and it is known that hydramnios with a breech position is 2.
688 times greater than hydramnios without a breech Relationship pregnancies and breech presentation The results of univariate analysis showed that of the 100 mothers who experienced breech delivery with twin pregnancies, there were 56 people .
%), while 44 people .
%) experienced breech birth without twin pregnancies.
Based on the bivariate analysis carried out, it can be seen that out of 100 women giving birth with breech births in the group of cases with twin pregnancies there were 56 people .
%) while there were 44 women giving birth who did not have twin pregnancies .
%).
The results of bivariate analysis using the chi square statistical test showed that there was a relationship between gestational age and the incidence of breech position in women giving birth.
The P-Value < (P-Value = 0.
meaning that = 5% indicated that there was a significant relationship between twins with a breech position occur in birth mothers, and it is known that twin pregnancies with a breech position are 3.
735 times greater than twin pregnancies with a breech position.
Summary The results of this study concluded that there was a significant relationship between maternal parity and the incidence of breech position in mothers giving birth.
There is a significant relationship between the incidence of breech position based on previous history of breech position.
There is a significant relationship between the incidence of breech position based on gestational age which often occurs in mothers giving There is a significant relationship between hydramnios and the incidence of breech position in mothers giving birth.
There is a significant relationship between the incidence of breech position and multiple pregnancies which often occur in pregnant women.
References