89 | International InternationalJournal Journalofof Informatics Information System Computer Engineering .
Informatics Information System and and Computer Engineering 4.
International Journal of Informatics Information System and Computer Engineering Journal homepage: http://ejournal.
edu/index.
php/ijost/ Development of an Educational Training Game for Ear Sensitivity of Intervals Michael Nagaku Milenn Salim.
Hanhan Maulana* Program Studi Teknik Informatika.
Universitas Komputer Indonesia .
Indonesia * Corresponding email: hanhan@email.
ABSTRACTS
ARTICLE INFO
Article History:
This study aims to build a game to help beginner musicians in the process of training ear sensitivity to intervals without involving the teacher in the training The software development uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method.
A software is built in the form of a game that can train the ear's sensitivity to intervals, share knowledge related to intervals, randomize questions and validate answers without involving the teacher in the learning The average respondents' answers related to the application were positive.
It can be concluded that the development of the application can help users in training the ear sensitivity to intervals and increase the user's knowledge of music theory, especially related to INTRODUCTION In the world of music, the pitch interval is the distance between one note and another (Levine.
Interval is what builds music, when we listen to music, we listen to intervals (Willis.
A musician, both beginner and expert must know the pitch interval.
The ability to identify the intervals of the notes heard is very helpful in musical An ear that is sensitive to pitch DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
34010/injiiscom.
p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584
Submitted/Received 20 Dec 2022
First Revised 03 Jan 2023
Accepted 07 Mar 2023
First Available Online 18 Apr 2023
Publication Date 01 Jun 2023
Aug 2018
__________________
Keywords:
Game.
Ear Training.
Music.
Multimedia.
Intervals intervals is a musician's most valuable asset (Pavlik.
, et al.
, 2.
Games are fun entertainment media that can be played to fill spare time.
Games can also be used as fun learning media, commonly called educational games (Jubaedi.
, & Putra.
(Arsenault.
A fun learning process for what is learned can make the subject matter more interesting and facilitate the delivery of the subject matter Michael and Hanhan.
Development of an Educational Training Game for Ear,.
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(Pradana.
The use of educational games in learning can improve the quality and disruption in the learning process as well as train the user's ability to solve problems, find solutions, think quickly and improve (Limin.
, (Ardiningsih.
A good musician has an ear that is sensitive to changes in pitch.
Beginner music generally knows the concept of solfge .
o, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, d.
but does not yet have a good ear.
The ear's sensitivity to pitch intervals can develop over time.
Development may be aided by ear or ear repair exercises (Willis.
The music learning process, in this case ear training, requires a teacher who can determine questions randomly and dynamically and correct errors during the learning process.
To have someone who teaches can cost a lot of money, especially face-to-face learning during a pandemic can pose a danger of spreading Covid-19 (Santoso.
The need to do social distancing complicates the process of learning music, especially in terms of ear training.
By using educational games as learning media in terms of ear training, you can learn to automate the randomization of questions dynamically as well as the process of correcting errors in social distancing conditions.
The use of educational games can also reduce the cost of learning music.
Several studies related to games for ear training or music theory have been carried out.
DOI: https://doi.
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p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584 In a study entitled "Adventure Game as Learning Media for Introducing Music Interval and Ear Training to Kids" discusses the use of games as an educational medium for intervals and ear training for children (Rizqyawan.
, & Hermawan.
Another study that discusses ear training with the title "Development Of Interactive Quiz Games as a Formative Evaluation Instrument in Music Theory Course" builds games for student understanding in music theory courses (Haditama.
, et al.
, 2.
Several previous studies built desktop-based singleplayer games with 2D graphics.
However, in studies, input from users is still in the form of a multiple-choice quiz.
Ear training exercises by singing or humming can help the ear hear better Therefore, it requires input in the form of sound through a microphone so that the learning process can be more effective (Willis.
The software method that will be used is the Multimedia Development Life Cycle method or abbreviated as MDLC.
MDLC
was chosen as the development method because educational games are part of interactive multimedia so MDLC is the right method for developing this software (Afrianto.
, & Furqon.
METHOD
In this study, the methodology used includes three stages in Fig.
1, with the following explanation:
91 | International Journal of Informatics Information System and Computer Engineering 4.
89-100 Fig.
Research Methodology Data Collection Stage At this stage, data is collected that will be used in research.
The data collection process begins with conducting a literature study related to research and technology in the field of music, especially research that integrates technology in the field of music.
Literature study was conducted to find out what research has been done, expand knowledge and widen the range of ideas.
Next is the observation stage, which will carry out the problem identification process from the results of these Educational Game Development Stage The approach used in the development of educational games is the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC).
In this approach to the six stages that need to be carried out, the stages are (Mursid.
, (Laksamana.
, et al 2.
Concept The first stage is the concept, in this study raised the concept of educational games with the theme of outer space for learning music theory and training ear sensitivity.
DOI: https://doi.
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p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584 Design The second stage is the stage where the design is carried out, both menu, character and storyboard designs.
Material Collecting The third stage is the stage for collecting material, the material collected is in the form of audio, images, and data.
Assembly The fourth stage is the development stage where the components are built into a complete system.
Testing The fifth stage is the testing stage, the testing process will be carried out at this Distribution The sixth stage is the distribution stage, in order to disseminate research on this educational game to be useful for the The activities of the MDLC approach can be seen in Fig 2.
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Fig.
MDLC Approach Concept Design The game that was built is a game that helps beginner musicians in the process of training ear sensitivity to tone The game built is a Desktopbased training educational game with 2D .
Dimensiona.
The related description of the game built as follows:
The design stage is the stage of carrying out the specifications of the game that is The system design built is:
The game will play questions in the form of interval sounds with the same root in each question Players guess the sound by providing input in the form of the same interval sound through the The game will calculate the player's score on each level The next level will be unlocked if the player reaches a minimum score of 75% Each level has a different difficulty The material to be taught and trained is part of the C Major scale Game is a training which must be done repeatedly.
DOI: https://doi.
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p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584 Storyline Design A spaceship pilot assigned to collect precious space rocks.
Spaceship pilots must sail through the vast darkness of outer space in order to collect the precious stones needed by the main ship.
Players will play a spaceship character.
Level Design The levels are divided into seven sections.
Each level will practice different pitch Players will start the game from The next level will be unlocked when the player has reached the minimum score.
The minimum score that needs to be achieved to unlock the next Level feature is 75%, 75% is obtained from the national completeness target (Yusuf.
, (Aldwell.
, et al.
The list of tone intervals that are trained at each level can be seen in Table 93 | International Journal of Informatics Information System and Computer Engineering 4.
89-100 Storyboard Design Displays a series of notes vertically, spaceship characters, space rocks as a hint of tone intervals.
The game will play a matter of tone intervals in the form of If the player activates the HINT feature, a stone will be displayed which is an indication of the tone that must be If the player does not activate the HINT feature, the rocks become invisible.
Players will provide input in the form of sound through the microphone.
The character of the aircraft will move up or down according to the input frequency of the tone from the user.
The lowest AudoAy tone represents C3.
The storyboard design can be seen in Fig 3.
Table 1.
Intervals in Each Level Level Trained intervals Unison.
Major Second Unison.
Major Second.
Major Third Unison.
Major Second.
Major Third.
Perfect Fourth Unison.
Major Second.
Major Third.
Perfect Fourth.
Perfect Fifth Unison.
Major Second.
Major Third.
Perfect Fourth.
Perfect Fifth.
Major Sixth Unison.
Major Second.
Major Third.
Perfect Fourth.
Perfect Fifth.
Major Sixth.
Major Seventh.
Unison.
Major Second.
Major Third.
Perfect Fourth.
Perfect Fifth.
Major Sixth.
Major Seventh.
Perfect Octave Ghundul-Ghundul Pacul Song DOI: https://doi.
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p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584 Michael and Hanhan.
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Fig 3.
Storyboard Design Gameplay Design This part is a gameplay where players will be trained to be sensitive to their ears when faced with obstacles.
Players will be represented as a spaceship that blocks the vast darkness of outer space.
In this mode, the player must capture as many spaces precious stones as possible.
Players will set the spaceship's flight path with sound through the microphone.
The movement of the spaceship will refer to the input tone .
provided by the player.
Scoring Design The score at each level will depend on how many intervals the player can guess The total predictable interval will be divided by the total number of questions at each level.
The scoring calculation formula can be seen in Formula .
DOI: https://doi.
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p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584 ycI= yaA y 100% ycA With the following variables:
S = Score players at that level.
B = Number of correctly guessed intervals in the level.
N = The total number of questions in the level.
Character Design Players will play a spaceship character, and the questions played will appear as space aids if players use the hint feature.
The character designs used in the game can be seen in Table 2.
Material Collecting The material collecting stage is the stage of collecting materials or assets used in the process of developing educational The assets collected can be seen in Table 3.
95 | International Journal of Informatics Information System and Computer Engineering 4.
89-100 Table 2.
Character Design Name Figure Information Pesawat Luar Angkasa In-game player character Bebatuan DO-SI Characters for DO to SI tone hints with different Table 3.
Assets used Name
PLAY Button
Information PLAY Button Asset to enter SELECT window
QUIT Button
Asset QUIT Button to leave the game
BACK Button
Asset BACK Button to return to the previous window
HINT TIDAK AKTIF
Button Inactive HINT Key Asset indicates that the HINT feature is not active HINT AKTIF Button The active HINT Key Asset indicates that the HINT feature is active SCORE Button SCORE Button Asset to display the jSCORE jendela GO Button Button Asset to display the jGO jendela window Laser Biru Soal The limiting asset for segment markers of voice questions Laser Kuning Jawab Limiting asset for voice input segment marker Laser Hijau Jawab Benar Limiting asset for voice input segment marker, voice input marker from correct player Laser Merah Jawab Salah Tombol LEVEL 1-8 Limiting asset for voice input segment marker, voice input marker from wrong player Papan Penjelasan Explanation Board Assets to display explanatory information on each level Key Asset LEVEL 1-8 to display the jLEVEL1-8 .
Assembly The assembly stage is the implementation stage or combining assets and designs into a complete game that is ready to use.
The main menu interface, or the first display in the game can be seen in Fig 4.
Figure 5 is a level selection interface with a hint feature tool.
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p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584 Figure 6 is the interface that appears when the user has selected a level.
The content level interface also displays the materials at that level.
The levels that have been taught will be trained on the main game interface.
The main game interface is shown in Fig 7.
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again on the score interface.
The score interface can be seen in Fig 8.
Fig.
Home menu interface Fig.
Score interface Testing Fig.
Level selects menu interface The testing stage is the stage of testing the game that was built.
The tests carried out are blackbox testing, musical instrument testing and beta testing.
Distribution The distribution stage is the stage where the game will be uploaded to Google Drive which users will download later.
Fig.
Level material interface The conclusion stage is the stage where conclusions will be drawn based on responses from users who have played the game that was built.
Fig.
Main game interface After the user completes the main game, the score obtained by the user will be saved by the system which can be viewed DOI: https://doi.
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p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584
Conclusion Drawing Stage
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The games that have been built will be tested using the blackbox method, then musical instrument testing and beta testing will be carried out which will involve users.
The first test is blackbox testing which aims to find functional errors or bugs in the game.
Testing the main components in blackbox can be seen in Table 4.
97 | International Journal of Informatics Information System and Computer Engineering 4.
89-100 The next test is the testing of musical instruments, this test is carried out to test whether the musical instruments used can be received well by the game that is If the sound can be processed properly, the spacecraft will move up or down following the given sound The results of testing musical instruments can be seen in Table 5.
The next test is beta testing, this test will involve users as respondents who will answer the questions that have been provided previously.
The questions that have been provided can be seen in Table Respondents will answer the questions in Table 6 with multiple choice answers with their respective weights, the weight of each answer can be seen in Table 7.
The results of beta testing for games that have been built on previously prepared questions can be seen in Table 8.
Table 4.
Blackbox test results Tested Home Menu Menu Select Level Testing Scenario Test results Buttons on the start menu Succeed Buttons on the level menu Succeed Selecting LEVEL 1 to LEVEL The buttons on the level menu Move the plane with the Answer the questions correctly Answering questions The buttons on the level menu Save Game Score View game score Level Menu Gameplay Score Succeed Succeed Succeed Succeed Succeed Succeed Succeed Succeed Table 5.
Musical Instrument test results Musical Nylon Stringed Guitar ue ue ue ue ue ue ue ue Steel Stringed Guitar ue ue ue ue ue ue ue ue Guitalele ue ue ue ue ue ue ue ue Human Voice ue ue ue ue ue ue ue ue DOI: https://doi.
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p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584 Michael and Hanhan.
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Table 6.
Beta testing questions Question Is by playing this game your knowledge of music theory related to tone intervals increases? Can the question of the interval of the tone played be clearly heard? Is the ear training provided according to your skill level? Can this game provide an understandable pitch interval theory? Do you feel comfortable practicing ear sensitivity using this game? Table 7.
Question Weight Weight Information Likert scale Yes Maybe Table 8.
Beta Test Results Scale Value Question Score Respondent 93 .
Yes, 10 Enough, 0 N.
Yes 93 .
Yes, 8 Enough, 0 N.
Yes 93 .
Yes, 14 Enough, 2 N.
Yes 93 .
Yes, 7 Enough, 2 N.
Yes 93 .
Yes, 11 Enough, 1 N.
Yes From the test results obtained 89.
25% of users get new knowledge related to tone interval theory, 91.
40% of users say the tone played can be heard clearly, 80.
of users feel that the training provided is DOI: https://doi.
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p-ISSN 2810-0670 e-ISSN 2775-5584 Results in accordance with their level of expertise, 90.
11% of users can understand the given tone interval theory, 87.
91% of users feel comfortable practicing ear sensitivity using this educational game.
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CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research, analysis, system design, and implementation and testing, it can be concluded that the game that was built can be an alternative tool that helps users or novice musicians to carry out the process of training ear sensitivity to tone intervals without involving the teacher in the learning Applications that are built can also provide a little insight into music theory related to tone intervals.
This ear sensitivity training educational game that has been built still has shortcomings, therefore the following are some acceptable suggestions for the development of this game, as follows:
Learning and training materials can be expanded by adding other scales such as minor scales.
Votes as a training question can be reproduced to increase difficulty and ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledged Bangdos.
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
REFERENCES