Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science Vol 5.
2024: 1199-1220
LEAN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ADOPTION OF
TRACEABILITY TECHNOLOGY FOR HALAL PERISHABLE FOOD
SUPPLY CHAIN: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Wresni Anggraini1*.
Wakhid Slamet Ciptono2.
Luluk Lusiantoro3.
Heru Kurnianto Tjahjono4 Doctoral Program of Islamic Economy and Halal Industry.
Graduate School.
Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Yogyakarta.
Indonesia and Industrial Engineering Department.
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau.
Indonesia1 Doctoral Program of Islamic Economy and Halal Industry.
Graduate School.
Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Yogyakarta.
Indonesia and Faculty of Economics and Business.
Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Yogyakarta.
Indonesia23 Doctoral Program of Islamic Economy and Halal Industry.
Graduate School.
Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Yogyakarta.
Indonesia and Faculty of Economics and Business.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Indonesia4 a@uin-suska.
Received : 13 November 2023.
Revised: 19 March 2024.
Accepted : 23 March 2024
*Corresponding Author
ABSTRACT
This research was perfomed to provide a comprehensive Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the mutually beneficial link between Lean and Knowledge Management (LKM).
The primary focus was to highlight the crucial role of LKM as an enabler in empowering perishable food supply chains (PFSC) to effectively embrace traceability technology, ensuring the integrity of halal supply chains.
The research was carried out using the SLR method and adhered to the procedures of the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
In total, 65 articles from the Scopus database, published in various journals over 22 years were chosen, mapped, and evaluated.
Furthermore, there were several featured forms of mutual collaboration between Lean and Knowledge Management (KM).
The implementation of LKM in halal supply chain traceability for perishable food was still absent from the literature.
Efficient .
KM processes for business actors turned knowledge into added value for the PFSC.
The vital role of LKM as an enabler for PFSC in adopting traceability technology, which is characterized as fast-changing technology and highly knowledge-centric, is by eliminating wasteful knowledge so could advance responsiveness, efficiency, and flexibility.
Considering the important role of LKM as an enabler of PFSC to address complex challenges in traceability technology adoption, collaborative interdisciplinary research is needed.
Academic publications exploring the incorporation of lean and KM in the context of PFSC were relatively scarce.
This SLR represented one of the pioneering efforts to investigate the amalgamation and its potential to overcome obstacles and inhibitors in the adoption of traceability technology.
Keywords : Lean.
Knowledge Management.
Traceability.
Perishable Food Introduction The management of perishable food supply chains is experiencing an increase in complexity due to heightened attention surrounding food safety, food quality, health considerations, and the constraints posed by limited product shelf life (Balaji & Arshinder.
Perishable foods are interpreted as products whose quality deteriorates over time and are usually a basic need for society.
Products included in perishable foods are fruit, vegetables, meat, poultry, dairy products, medicines, bread, cooked foods, and seafood (Kumar et al.
, 2021.
Karaesmen et al.
, 2.
Challenges in PFSC have been spotlighted in several studies.
Perishable foods are sensitive to quality degradation due to their limited shelf life (Dash et al.
, 2022.
Kumar et al.
Patidar & Agrawal .
Highlighted the distribution cost that arises due to unfavorable environmental situations like temperature, vibration, pressure, and humidity during The next feature of perishable foods is that they need proper, safe, and good- Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 quality storage as highlighted by (Aung & Chang, 2.
The storage of perishable products for a long time requires attention to proper equipment to prevent damage to product quality and safety, which could lead to losses in all aspects (Dash et al.
, 2.
When the storage is not precise then the food would be dangerous for human consumption (Lusiantoro et al.
, 2.
Damaged products are usually thrown away with consequences to the environment and finances because they can no longer be used or reclaimed (Kaipia & Loikkanen, 2.
Furthermore, to ensure perishable food is of good grade and arrives at a good place and time (Kumar et al.
PFSC management should be supported by high-quality processes and strict inspection.
The process and product grade from farm to fork are included in the supply chain quality of perishable goods (Siddh et al.
, 2.
There are also several risks related to halal in the PFSC that are actually related to perishable product characteristics.
Halal is not only limited to the sourcing of food materials or ingredients but also includes the whole supply chain, namely: process, handling, packaging, storage, and transportation.
Food halalness must be assured throughout the whole food supply chain from the upstream to the downstream.
In meat and poultry, many critical points can affect the halalness of food, namely animal feed (Ramli et al.
, 2.
, the slaughtering process at slaughterhouses (Shahdan et al.
, 2.
, warehousing and transportation (Zailani et al.
, 2.
Muslim clients need to confirm that the food consumed truly reflects Islamic values (Hanafiah & Hamdan, 2.
Furthermore, it is necessary to provide the wholeness of perishable food from the source, consumption, and post-purchase stages, which include product returns (Fernando et al.
, 2.
Halal certificates and logos are employed to formally assure consumers the food consumed fulfills halal requirements and is certified by appropriate and authorized religious Halal certification is a way to acquire halal recognition by an authorized body via several stages of assessment to confirm that the natural materials, production process, and halal product guarantee method in a company are by specified standards.
However, some food scandals have increased the apprehensions of consumers concerning their food supply, namely:
frozen meat contaminated by pork in Malaysia (Fernando et al.
, 2.
, horse flesh in the United Kingdom, chicken sausages with pork DNA in Italy (Pinto et al.
, 2.
, halal certified chocolate contaminated by pork in Malaysia (Tan et al.
, 2.
, infant milk recipe contaminated by melamine in China (Marucheck et al.
, 2.
According to Alqudsi .
, transparency is the primary aspect of enhancing halal integrity, and it is related to traceability, which recreates a crucial position in the Halal Supply Chain (Khan et al.
, 2.
In addition, establishing a reliable traceability procedure is important to confirm the integrity of food in terms of rate, safety, and halal aspects (Lin et al.
, 2.
The progress of ICTs has enabled the product of new approaches to outcome traceability (Sayogo.
Based on this approach, the advanced technologies are the IoT, machine learning, blockchain, as well as data mining (Dash et al.
, 2.
These enable the traceability system to add value to clients by enhancing product quality guarantee, providing constant information feedback, and supporting the supply chain in efficiently tracking all goods (Morales et al.
The adoption of advanced traceability technology is impeded by several barriers and challenges, such as expensive initial investment (Dash & Jena, 2.
, additional costs arising from the preparation of necessary software as well as hardware to assure the precision of the data (Compagnucci et al.
, 2.
, incentives to create support for full value chain digital traceability (Hardt et al.
, 2017.
Bosona & Gebresenbet, 2.
, unstandardized data and means of data exchange between various links in the supply chain (Storyy et al.
, 2013.
Bosona & Gebresenbet, 2.
, technical and security issues like software bugs, demanding maintenance of IoT networks (Kamarulzaman et al.
, 2022.
Nizetic et al.
, 2020.
Hardt et al.
, 2.
All the barriers and challenges that hinder the adoption of traceability technology or can be referred to as halal constraints could be overcome by bridging the knowledge gap on the benefits, value, and technology operation (Hardt et al.
, 2.
The reserve chain network not only of the material and information discharge but also consists of the knowledge flow.
The traceability approach is an effort to ensure the halalness of a product that is knowledge-oriented.
It requires an enabler in extracting, digesting, and transforming information, ultimately leading Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 to the creation of knowledge about the technology (Yang & Cai, 2.
According to (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995 in Klein et al.
, 2.
, the most precious asset that subsists for organizations is knowledge.
Furthermore, knowledge management (KM) makes it possible to drive innovation and quality (Iqbal, 2.
The procedure empowers the supply-chain accomplishment (Kalogeraki et al.
, 2.
, which represents an important element in an information-intensive and multicultural corporate environment (Koochakzadeh & Behzadi, 2.
However, it should be conducted efficiently .
to avoid failure and prevent valuable insights from going to waste (Ferenhof et al.
, 2.
Lean and KM, severally, are powerful management tools.
However, most of the discussions and methods of lean and KM, particularly in supply chain management (SCM), are still carried out separately.
Lean, individually, has been applied in many reserve chains, especially those striving to enhance performance by decreasing waste (Arif-Uz-Zaman & Ahsan, 2.
According to Ugochukwu et al.
, .
and Marodin et al.
, .
some of the advantages of implementing lean in the supply chain are client satisfaction, high quality, optimized efficiency, high flexibility, and decreased costs.
Inefficiencies could take place in PFSC due to the bullwhip effect, inimical relations among supply chain partners along with dysfunctional enterprise techniques such as an overreliance on price climbs.
KM would empower cooperation and coordination among PFSCAos actors (Corso et al.
, 2.
Combining Lean principles with KM (LKM) for traceability on halal PFSC is projected as a key enabler of PFSC and gives adding value.
In the context of PFSC, an effective and efficient KM process can handle the flow of understanding in a systematic routine to reach the objective of PFSC implementation and competitive edge (Nazam et al.
, 2.
While numerous investigations have explored lean and KM, research that examines the alliance between Lean and KM remains extremely scarce (Zhao et al.
, 2.
This analysis desired to donate to the extant literature, by examining the convergence of both tools and identifying the key theoretical traits of LKM and PFSC in overcoming the barriers and challenges of adopting traceability technology.
Furthermore, it employs an organized literature review to respond to the subsequent two questions:
RQ1.
How is the the literature currently developing on the intersection between lean and KM RQ2.
What is the role of LKM in facilitating PFSC to adopt the traceability technology? Underpinning Theory Efforts to ensure halal integrity by building a traceability system on PFSC require intensive and dynamic knowledge.
In this research, three underlying theories were used to address the research questions, namely.
Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT).
Knowledge-Based View (KBV), and Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI).
Dynamic capability theory enables enterprises to effectively develop and renew resources, facilitating innovation and rapid adaptation to market and business environment This framework helps elucidate why intangible assets, encompassing firms' collective knowledge and capabilities, have emerged as the most valuable asset class across various These intangible assets, including knowledge and capabilities, are not only scarce but also resistant to imitation (Teece, 2.
Furthermore, the challenges faced by food supply and dynamic supply chains encompass aspects like cost, delivery, product quality, and timeliness (Mangla et al.
, 2.
These intricacies are further compounded by the attributes of perishable food supply chains, such as diminishing product grade, diverse product supply, and intricate design and management (Rijpkema & Rossi, 2.
The KBV proposes that organizations utilize their knowledge to provide services that are integrated and propagated through various elements, including corporate culture and identity, established practices, policies, procedures, documentation, and personal personnel.
It regards this concept as a pivotal organizational resource (Gong & Blijleven, 2.
Furthermore.
KM serves as a significant facilitator of supply chain management (SCM), particularly in information and knowledge-intensive global enterprise environments (Gloet, 2.
which facilitates the transfer of learning among employees, supports inter-organizational companies, and complements business knowledge (Kalogeraki et al.
, 2.
Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 The DOI theory asserts that in order to achieve successful innovation and eventual widespread adoption, the technical attributes of such creation encompassing compatibility, observability, complexity, relative advantage, and trialability play a climactic role (Lai et al.
in mitigating uncertainty.
The process of diffusion can also be conceptualized as an endeavor to seek and comprehend information.
Consequently, the decision-making process comprises a sequence of phases through which an adopter .
person or a grou.
progresses from awareness of a creation .
, developing an attitude towards it .
, deciding to embrace or deny the innovation .
, putting the new view into practice .
, and confirming the decision .
Bremer et al.
, 2.
Implementing a traceability system demands substantial supply chain investment, thereby constraining the full-scale deployment of the system (Herrera & Orjuela-Castro, 2.
Such negative perspectives have considerably impeded the widespread integration of digital supply chain traceability (SCT) systems within supply networks.
Consequently, there is a pressing need for a thorough examination of how SCT can potentially enhance quality and economic commission (Zhou et al.
, 2.
to promote the effective integration of traceability technologies into food supply chains.
Framework Lean management can be defined from various sights, such as philosophy, manner of thinking, procedure, set of principles, set of tools and methods, approaches, concepts, practices, systems, programs, manufacturing, paradigms, or models (Vanichchinchai, 2.
Lean principle focuses on consistently eliminating waste (Ruben et al.
, 2.
and maximizing actions that add value from the customer's perspective (Jadhav et al.
, 2.
While, according to Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal .
0, p.
KM constititues of activities that cover dicovery, share, capture and apply he knowledge to achieve organizational goals.
Both two command tools emphasize efficiency and effectiveness.
Characteristics of actors in PFSC: there are many business actors with different business ownership statuses, different business scales, different corporate cultures, and different knowledge, and human resource capabilities.
In the supply chain network, halal traceability is not only the responsibility or interest of one party but is a value chain that seeks to provide added value to the business in every existing process starting from procurement, production processes, marketing, to distribution.
This study focuses on highlighting the fusion of lean and KM (LKM) as an enabler in empowering PFSC to effectively embrace traceability technology to ensure halal integrity.
The framework that is developed is how lean principles can make the KM process for all PFSC actors and stakeholders more effective and efficient.
Through LKM the waste of knowledge could be eliminated and the purpose of the halal food traceability system is to ensure halal goodness can be achieved.
Figure 1 exhibits the LKM framework.
In the framework, the LKM process is conceptualized as a cycle that is carried out continuously by PFSC actors and stakeholders.
It includes lean knowledge discovery, lean knowledge capture, lean knowledge application, and lean knowledge sharing.
The four LKM processes are backed by seven KM subprocesses.
Four subprocesses were proposed by (Nonaka & Lewin, 1.
: socialization, externalization, internalization, and combination, which concentrate on how tacit and explicit knowledge associate and change the knowledge.
Meanwhile Grant .
and Nahapiet & Ghoshal .
establish exchange, direction, and routine as another subprocesses.
LKM mechanisms and technology adapt to LKM subprocesses and the types of waste that arise in the KM process.
The outcomes of the LKM process and system are: the sprout of halal understanding among PFSC actors.
the emergence of halal wisdom among PFSC actors and stakeholders.
appropriate halal policy from the government as a part of stakeholders and halal regulator.
and the use of precise halal traceability technology on PFSC actors.
Methodology SLRs aim to enhance related research, synthesize results, and consider the state of scholarly knowledge concerning a special investigation inquiry or theme.
This SLR provided exhaustive knowledge and overview of what had been academically obtained and developed to Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 date and also identified areas to be explored, particularly with regard to the ability of LKM.
This enables organizations to overcome obstacles and challenges in embracing traceability technologies in PFSC.
Identify The most important Supply Chain actor Barriers & Challenges Halal Critical Points Mapping The Pattern of PFSC Knowledge Mapping Identify The most important Stakeholders Type of Knowledge Waste of Knowledge LKM Process Halal awareness Halal wisdom Traceability System & Halal Certification Actors & Mapping the Business Activities Identify The most important Barriers & Challenges LKM Sub-Process Halal policy LKM Mechanism Precise halal traceability technology LKM Technology LKM Process & System Fig.
LKM Framework The SLR procedures outlined by Tranfield et al.
, .
which include .
review planning, .
review execution, and .
discussion of findings and knowledge transfer, were followed in this study.
Furthermore, it used PRISMA and its flow chart, consisting of a fourphase flow diagram, namely, screening, identification, eligibility, and synthesizing the results (Moher et al.
, 2.
, as shown in Figure 2.
The PRISMA model is widely used as a reference for literature selection methods to recognize publications that can be used in reporting.
1 Planning the review The inclusion criteria were developed in this SLR which consisted of two steps of filtering, namely abstract and full text.
Articles included at a later stage had a AuyesAy answer for all the criteria in Table 1.
Table 1 was adopted from (Lusiantoro et al.
, 2.
and this research used Scopus online databases .
onsisting of several publishers namely: Wiley.
Emerald.
ScienceDirect.
SpringerLink.
Taylor& Francis.
Sage as well as Ie Explor.
for the excavation of research papers.
One of the primary goals was to point out how LKM enabled PFSC to adopt traceability technology.
Therefore, all research papers that discuss lean, knowledge management, perishable food, food cache chain, halal food supply chain, and traceability were contained in the SLR.
Table 1 - Inclusion criteria for title-abstract and full-text filtering Title - abstract filtering Full-text inclusion filtering Is it a peer-reviewed article? Does the article discuss traceability technology systems Is it an academic journal article? focusing on halal and PFSC? Is it written in English? Does the article examine barriers to adopting traceability Does the objective, the finding, and/or the implication technology? talk about traceability in the supply chain? Does the article discuss the role of lean and /or Does the objective, the finding, and/or the implication knowledge management in the perishable food supply talk about LKM? Does the context of the article discuss perishable Adapted from Lusiantoro et al.
, 2018
2 Conducting the review The review commenced with a scoping research, literature, and team discussion for keyword recognition and search strings (Tranfield et al.
, 2.
The option of search keywords was founded on the research objective to provide the relevancy and thickness of the data across the selected publications and the two search groups, as shown in Table 2.
Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 There were 375 articles identified on the Scopus database, from various multidisciplinary journals, produced in the last 22 years and then thoroughly chosen, charted, and evaluated to answer the study queries.
Keyword 1st group 2nd group Table 2 - Keyword and Search Strings Search String AuleanAy AND Auknowledge managementAy Ausupply chainAy OR Ausupply networkAy OR Ausupply managementAy OR Ausupply chain managementAy OR Aulogistic*Ay OR Aulogistic* managementAy OR Audemand chainAy OR Audemand managementAy OR Audemand chain managementAy OR Auinterorganisation*Ay OR Auinterorganisation* systemAy OR Auvalue chainAy OR Auvalue chain managementAy OR Aucold chainAy OR Aucold chain managementAy AND AutraceabilityAy OR AutraceAy OR AutrackAy AND Auperish*Ay OR Audeteriorate*Ay OR Auspoil*Ay OR Audecay*Ay OR AushortlivedAy OR Aushort shelf lifeAy OR Aushort lifeAy OR Auperish*food*Ay OR Auperish* item*Ay OR Audeteriorate* food*Ay OR Audeteriorate* item*Ay OR Auspoil* food*Ay OR Auspoil* item*Ay OR Audecay* food*Ay OR Audecay* item*Ay OR Aufood*Ay OR Aufresh food*Ay OR Auagrifood*Ay OR Auagricultural product*Ay OR Aufresh produce*Ay OR Auvegetable*Ay OR Aufruit*Ay OR AupoultryAy OR AumeatAy OR Audiary product*Ay OR Aubakery product*Ay Notes: *indicates a potential combination of each word Adapted from Lusiantoro et al.
, 2018
Records are identified via a database search with 2 group search strings .
= .
Records after duplicates were removed .
= .
Eligibility Records screened Title and abstract screening .
= .
Full-text articles assessed for eligibility .
= .
Included Screening Identification Reporting the result The articles included in the analysis were summarized in an Excel spreadsheet and descriptive research was carried out.
The examination was executed to illustrate the "recent map" of the selected papers.
It explained the number of publications per year, the research methods applied to each article, and the journal where the paper was published.
Furthermore, this analysis was needed to conceive trends in the topic under study and the thematic analysis was carried out to raise answers to the research questions.
The primary topics in every theme were also recognized, recorded, merged, and accumulated (Lizarelli et al.
, 2.
A bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software was offered to supply ideas in the field (Mubarrok et al.
, 2.
This software can be used to examine bibliometric networks and investigate data results from inquiries in journals (Redeker et al.
, 2.
For bibliometric analysis, a node represented a keyword or academic article.
The link .
indicates the amount of connections between one item .
and another.
Articles included for analysis .
= .
Screening criteria:
- The topicAos relevance - Purpose, findings, or implication contains the keywords Records removed .
= .
Screening criteria:
- Research focus - Unit of analysis - Context Records removed .
= .
Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 Fig.
The result of the PRISMA flow diagram .
dapted from Moher et al.
, 2.
5 Results and Discussion 1 Descriptive Analysis 1 Publication by year This research was carried out in October 2022, and Figure 3 shows the number of publications by year, where analysis on Lean.
KM, supply chain, and traceability for perishable food started in 2000 and experienced continuous growth.
The number of articles with significant fluctuation from year to year showed an increasing trend.
Meanwhile, there was a surge in interest in research works relating to Lean.
KM, store chain, and traceability for perishable food supply chains with a remarkable peak in 2022, accounting for 15 of the 65 publications.
The halal food industry is thriving and is the second biggest sector since Islamic finance (Khan et al.
, 2.
This growing trend is followed by the advancement of ICTs, which was expected to establish trust mechanisms in addressing issues of transparency and food safety in the halal supply chain (Feng et al.
, 2.
Implementing traceability technology can provide a reliable tracking and tracing system to integrate process and product information at each level to ensure halal integrity in addressing the length and complexity of the PFSC.
Number of Publication 2000 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2020 2021 2022 2023 Fig.
Publications by Year .
ource: data processe.
2 Publication by country The 65 articles reviewed encompassed 27 countries and 4 continents, as depicted in the geographic analysis.
From the analysis, it was observed that Muslims (Indonesia.
Malaysia.
Saudi Arabia, and Ira.
only contributed 15% of the research related to LKM in halal supply chain traceability for perishable food.
In contrast, non-Muslim countries dominated the previous research with 85% .
% being United Kingdom-based, 28% from China.
Italy, and India-based, 12% from USA and Brazil-based, 31% spread among Greece.
Thailand.
Sweden.
South Korea.
New Zealand.
Colombia.
Hungary.
Germany.
Netherland.
Australia.
Sarajevo.
Norway.
Spain.
Mexico.
Armenia.
Vietnam, and Denmar.
Figure 4 displays the total publications by country.
The fact that non-Muslim nations manufacture and export food items to Muslim nations may be the reason why studies on the topic of halal food are beginning to surface from these nations.
these nations.
Muslim consumers are becoming more conscious of the significance of halal food and the need for its existence to ensure their innocence.
the products they ingest have labels and Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220
6 6 6
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
United Kingdom
China
Italy India
Malaysia
USA
Indonesia Brazil Greece Thailand Sweden South Korea New Zealand Colombia Hungary Saudi Arabia Germany Netherland Australia Sarajevo Iran Norway Spain Mexico Armenia Vietnam Denmark Number of Publications Anggraini et al A Fig.
Publications by Country .
ource: data processe.
Publication by journal A total of 65 articles were published from 44 journals and British Food Journal is at the top of the list with 7 articles posted in the Scopus database.
Secondly, the International Journal of Production Economics had 6 articles, followed by the International Journal on Food System Dynamics with 3 articles.
Knowledge Management Research and Practices.
VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems.
International Journal of Supply Chain Management.
Benchmarking.
Journal of Islamic Marketing.
International Journal of Logistics Management.
Journal of Cleaner Production and Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, followed the list with 2 articles in each journal.
Figure 5 presents the number of publications by journal.
By displaying the top list of journals that publish about Lean.
KM, supply chain, and traceability for perishable food supply chains, this can be a reference for academics and researchers who will conduct literature studies or want to publish the results of their research.
British Food Journal International Journal of Production Economics International Journal on Food System Dynamics Knowledge Management Research and Practice VINE Journal of Information and KnowledgeA International Journal of Supply ChainA Benchmarking Journal of Islamic Marketing International Journal of Logistics Management Journal of Cleaner Production Transportation Research Part E: Logistics andA Number of Articles Fig.
Publications by Journal .
ource: data processe.
Publication by Research Method Figure 6 presents the number of articles by the methodology employed.
The majority of the articles were case research and surveys, each of which was 29%, 17% constituted modeling, 14% constituted literature review, 6% for explanatory, descriptive inferential, and action research 2% and 1% of total publications.
Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 case study literature review descriptive inferential action research Fig.
Publications by Research Method .
ource: data processe.
2 Thematic Analysis In this SLR we classify themes based on two categories.
The first theme is a category of literature that addresses the development and intersection of lean and KM.
Thus, we elaborate and map the literature as illustrated in Table 3.
The second theme is a category of literatures that address traceability in PFSC and we were synthesizing and mapping on Table 4.
Integration/Intersection of Lean and KM Increasing knowledge creation using LSS across multiple applications and channels at multiple planning levels Table 3 - The Integration of Lean and KM Field of Research Variables Supporting knowledge creation and increasing efficiency using ten lean tools and methods Product development LSS implementation with a KM approach that focuses on the moderation role of human Health Service Organizations Dissected manipulation activities in its implementation of a Lean Sigma program Multi-National Consumer Product Company Effect of lean tools via the mediating role of KM Authors LSS core practices.
LSS behavioral practices.
Knowledge creation (Asif, 2.
Efficient knowledge creation.
Lean principle.
Lean product development.
Dynamic knowledge.
Tacit knowledge.
Explicit Knowledge.
Lean tools Human capital.
EmployeeAos Knowledge.
EmployeeAos skills.
EmployeeAos experiences.
EmployeeAos Morale.
KM (Tyagi et al.
(Aljazzazen & Schmuck.
Knowledge leadership.
Knowledge coordination.
Knowledge control.
Knowledge Measurement (Chen & Holsapple.
Lean tools.
Knowledge acquisition.
Knowledge .
Knowledge (Zhang et al.
Recognizing strategic action categories in the areas of KM, human resource management, and business growth using LM Manufacturing & service businesses, education & health care institutions & nonprofit organizations Lean transformation.
KM.
Human resources.
Business growth.
Performance (Hallam et al.
The influence of lean tools on knowledge transfer in product development processes R&D departments Lean tools.
Training-employee.
Knowledge transfer (Stanica & Peydro, 2.
Banking company Commitment.
Involvement.
Communication.
Preparation.
People's skills.
Process (Ferenhof et , 2.
Toyota Kata on KM concept to Overcome Lean Service Obstacles Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 performance.
Lean technical Supply chain decision support to achieve lean performance using knowledge sharing Agri-Food Industry Examine how to embed KM into business processes to Quality.
Speed.
Cost.
Dependability.
Flexibility (Chen et al.
Leading research institutes Skillful knowing.
Waste.
Lean thinking principle.
KM.
Inefficiencies.
Workflow.
Knowledge flow (Massingham & Holaibi.
Benchmarking.
Conventional organization.
Lean enterprise.
KM.
Continuous learning.
Improvement (Knuf, 2.
KM.
Respect for people.
Continuous improvement.
Systems thinking.
Proactive Economic profitability.
Sustainable, (Gong & Blijleven.
Overcoming problems in KM with information search and use, diffusion of innovation, and resistance to change Lean fundamentals to facilitate KM in IT outsourcing relations.
Examined whether LSS and KM can generate synergies and to what extent.
Service industries Customer focus.
Competitive advantage.
Corporate culture.
Reward system, (Strubelt & Mollenhauer, .
ource: data processe.
Based on the mapping, lean has been collaborated with KM to some extent.
It is figured out that there are two kinds of integration between lean and KM.
The integration can be in the form of lean supports the KM process or vice versa.
KM sustains and enhances the application of lean in different ways.
Themes emerge from the research reviewed are: Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and knowledge management (KM) connections, the application of some lean tools and methods in the KM process within the organizations or companies, the implementation of KM in the lean supply chain, the usage of KM in the practice of lean technology and tools.
Lean principles such as regard for people, continuous progress, systems consideration, and proactive behavior have supported the KM process (Gong & Blijleven, 2017.
Meanwhile, the application of lean technology and instruments depends on the usage of knowledge, be it explicit knowledge that has been encoded in the formal form of literature or work manuals, or other tacit knowledge (Blay-palmer et al.
, 2.
Ferenhof et al.
, .
used Toyota Kata to illustrate knowledge management (KM) concepts in order to address the obstacles associated with lean service.
Asif .
gave an example of how LSS improves knowledge design at different planning levels using a variety of techniques and channels.
Shaofeng Liu et al.
, .
proposed a KM system for lean supply chain management by modeling the multi-layer KM Themes Regulation for traceability Benefits of traceability Table 4 - Traceability within PFSC Perishable food sector Authors Dairy (Casino et al.
, 2.
Exported mango (Vanany et al.
, 2.
Agriculture product (Latino et al.
, 2.
General perishable food (MaksimoviN et al.
, 2.
Fish Food industries Mango Fresh food Food Cold Chain General food Food SMEs Vegetable (Mai et al.
, 2.
(Khoifin & Nimsai, 2.
(Herrera & Orjuela-Castro, 2.
(Ringsberg, 2.
(Masudin et al.
, 2.
(Wang & Li, 2.
(Poghosyan et al.
, 2.
(Mattevi & Jones, 2.
(Alfaro & Rybade, 2.
Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 Halal food traceability Chicken General perishable food General halal food (Akbar et al.
, 2.
(Soon et al.
, 2.
(Tan et al.
, 2.
(Hew et al.
, 2.
(Zainuddin et al.
, 2.
Traceability Technology Imported fresh food Meat Fruits & Vegetables Beef Cattle Exported mango Chicken General food General perishable food (Liu et al.
, 2.
(Sander et al.
, 2.
(David et al.
, 2.
(Jo et al.
, 2.
(Ribeiro et al.
, 2.
(Vanany et al.
, 2.
(Akbar et al.
, 2.
(Kelepouris et al.
, 2.
(MaksimoviN et al.
, 2.
Barriers to adopting traceability technology Agri-food Food SMEs (Compagnucci et al.
, 2.
(Kamarulzaman et al.
, 2022.
(Mattevi & Jones, 2.
(Kittipanya-ngam & Tan, 2.
(Moysiadis et al.
, 2.
(Canavari et al.
, 2.
(Duan et al.
, 2.
General perishable food Agri-food General food .
ource: data processe.
3 Bibliometric Analysis The 65 reviewed papers were examined utilizing bibliometric instruments and tools to learn occurrences with keyword analysis in their publications.
In addition, scientific data collection methods that are widely used in academic articles allow the emergence of keywords to determine the latest research topics in certain disciplines (Sternitzke & Bergmann, 2.
The appearance of two keywords in several publications reveals that there is a tight connection between the concepts and based on the results from VOSviewer there are around 236 keywords 1 Co-occurrence analysis of keywords Figure 7 shows four major nodes, namely supply chain management, knowledge management, traceability, and blockchain with a high frequency.
Based on the color, there are 10 clusters, each deputizing a particular topic.
The color line indicates how usually one node .
g perishable food supply chain, yellow nod.
is linked to another .
g supply chain management, pink nod.
A different color marks each group that links to different nodes in the same title and keyword group.
Per main topic is placed on the consistency of the lines and how often the nodes are related to each other (Handayani et al.
, 2.
Fig.
Co-occurrence network and visualization of keywords .
ource: VOSviewe.
Figure 7, the occurrence of determined keywords.
These include traceability .
and food supply chain .
incorporated to cluster one .
range colo.
Blockchain .
and industry 0 .
incorporated to cluster two .
lue colo.
, knowledge management .
and lean .
Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 incorporated to cluster three .
ed colo.
, supply chain management .
incorporated to cluster four .
ink colo.
Food industry .
and innovation .
are incorporated into cluster five .
urple Finally, the Internet of Things .
incorporated cluster six .
ight blue colo.
, and the 10 most common keywords are shown in Table 4.
Based on the co-occurrence of the keyword on the bibliometric analysis, it is recorded that there is still few research related to perishable food supply chain management.
Although research on the food supply chain has an increasing trend, research on the halal food cache chain is an area of publication that is still rare.
Research on traceability related to blockchain technology has begun to be published frequently.
Likewise.
KM is a research area that has been frequently published.
However, research related to lean, knowledge management, perishable food, halal supply chain, and traceability has not been directly linked.
There is a research gap in these areas.
Rank Table 4 - Keywords by Authors Keyword Traceability Blockchain Knowledge Management Food Supply Chain Supply Chain Management Industry 4.
Food industry Innovation Internet of Things Lean Total link Strength .
ource: data processe.
2 Co-authorship analysis of authors.
Co-authorship analysis conducted based on VOSviewer software was mapping the research topics by looking at the relationship or collaboration between authors.
Based on Figure 8, the number of authors analyzed was 194, or the total number of existing authors, of this number there were only 7 authors who showed relationships with other authors.
They were connected and categorized into four groups defined by color.
Fig.
Co-authorship analysis of authors .
ource: VOSviewe.
The Role of LKM for PFSC in Adopting Traceability Technology Lean and KM are concepts that have been extensively discussed in the literature and applied in the practical world.
However, most of the discussion and practice are being carried out separately (Strubelt & Mollenhauer, 2.
Lean aims to create and increase added value by eliminating activities that do not support value addition (Chongwatpol & Sharda, 2.
The capacity to leverage knowledge for optimal performance, innovation, and enhanced customer value is referred to as KM (Ashok et al.
, 2.
This concept elucidates the mechanisms of knowledge discovery, capture, sharing, and application within products/services and processes.
Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 Lean management principles could support intelligent, effective, and efficient KM processes (LKM).
LKM means efficient knowledge management which eliminates all forms of waste that interfere with the knowledge management process.
Waste is described as any human movement or activity that absorbs some resources but does not produce any value (Ohno, 1988 in Klein et , 2.
LKM in the PFSC connects all partners and supply chain actors as a form of cooperation and coordination to realize adequate management of knowledge-based relationships across several commodities in the supply chain which leads to the invention of new learning and enhances supply chain operating performance (Kalogeraki et al.
, 2.
According to Forsgren .
LKM involves collecting and sharing only related knowledge that helps organizations do work safely, effectively, and efficiently.
LKM enables an organization to quickly collect and disseminate critical information to the people who need it most.
LKM is a structured plan to harness the power of knowledge in an organization.
LKM was implemented at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which is an autonomous agency of the United States Federal Government reliable for the civil space schedule, as well as aeronautics and space LKM practice at NASA overcomes the problem of wasteful bureaucratic exercise.
LKM helped change the company culture and changed the way of doing business at NASA, which was done by establishing a Knowledge Management Office.
In the PFSC network, halal traceability is not only the responsibility or interest of one entity but is a value chain that seeks to provide added value to the business in every existing process, starting from procurement, production processes, and marketing, to distribution.
LKM
is expected to help reduce or eliminate wasteful knowledge of halal traceability in the PFSC.
Traceability technology could be stated as quick-changing technology and highly knowledgecentric.
The Traceability technology ensures product security and quality throughout the PFSC and relies on close coordination among the parties involved to give added value to customers.
Supervision among these chain actors is supported by managing the flow of knowledge (Nazam et al.
, 2.
, which is a valuable guide to intangible resources and organizational assets useful for tolerable competitive advantage (Tseng, 2.
Therefore.
LKM has an incredible role in increasing the performance and coordination of the administrative process (Valacherry & Pakkeerappa, 2.
Lean concentrated on enhancing competitive priorities such as rate, cost, adaptability, as well as delivery within organizations (Hallam et al.
, 2.
In such an enterprise, work should be conducted with a minimum of surveillance and control (Knuf, 2.
Furthermore, the role of traceability technology is a part of supervising and controlling food safety, quality, and For the SCM circumstances, the concept of lean has evolved rapidly to react to the needs of supply chain developments in addressing materials, information, funding, and customer issues (Chen et al.
, 2.
This is achieved through the elimination of waste, and non-valueadded activities ensure the establishment of the highest cost efficiencies in the supply chain (Agarwal et al.
, 2.
The processes of LKM, which efficiently manages knowledge, can convert knowledge into added value for the supply chain.
Existing literature indicates that these principles enhance the Knowledge Management process by promoting knowledge sharing and fostering innovation in numerous organizations.
In practical application.
Lean has emerged as a widely accepted management philosophy for businesses (Stone, 2.
and is extensively employed to direct the performance of strategic thinking (Droste, 2.
Although the concept initially revolved around well-structured operations like manufacturing, its focus has now shifted to encompass less-structured functions such as services (Gupta & Sharma, 2.
, knowledge products (Zhang & Chen, 2.
as well as innovation (Gong & Blijleven, 2.
Numerous prominent food enterprises have embraced traceability technologies to oversee real-time product quality monitoring throughout the entire production process (Sander et al.
Moreover, the capacity to track all products and components holds immense significance in the day-to-day operations of food processors and manufacturers, as well as in managing crises like product recalls (Zhou et al.
, 2.
Given the intricate and dynamic character of food supply chains and the imperative for safety, food traceability operates within a chain-based system (Duan et al.
, 2.
These systems necessitate integration with other logistics and Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 record-keeping frameworks employed by business partners or regulatory authorities (Ringsberg, 2.
In this context.
LKM plays a pivotal role in enabling PFSC to adopt traceability by:
Increasing responsiveness by reducing customer complaints related to food scandals.
Responsiveness can be seen from the response, filling, shipping error, and product delay rates (Stranieri et al.
, 2.
PFSC must give great attention to downtime/dwell time (Bumblauskas et al.
, 2.
as well as total customer waiting duration (Esmaili & Sahraeian.
Therefore, with the transparency gained from traceability technology and the benefits of knowledge, supply chain leaders could design a more responsive PFSC (Nikookar & Yanadori, 2.
Enhancing efficiency through traceability technology also reduces operating costs (Bortolini et al.
, 2.
, logistics expenses (Govindan et al.
, 2.
, total travel costs (Esmaili & Sahraeian, 2.
, transportation costs (Musavi & Bozorgi-amiri, 2.
, product quality, safety and halal-ness, product shelf life and reduction of food waste (Beshai et al.
, 2.
Advancing Flexibility: According to Ramos et al.
PFSCs have to upgrade their flexibility to prevent supply disruptions, such as COVID-19 outbreaks.
The adoption of traceability technology significantly impacted traceability systems during the pandemic (Masudin et al.
, 2.
The pandemic caused lockdowns and travel restrictions which led to a supply-demand mismatch as well as the risk of product expiration.
Through technology, the shelf life of products (Accorsi et al.
, 2.
, rack space allocation (Yang et al.
, 2.
, and product turnover could be maintained, rearranged, and managed (Chowdhury et al.
, 2.
6 Conclusion and limitations In conclusion, two research questions were identified, and a comprehensive answer was RQ1.
According to this research.
Lean and KM were two concepts extensively discussed in the literature and applied in the practical world.
most of the discussion and practice of lean and KM were still being carried out separately, hence the benefits of integrated lean and KM applications were not clearly visible.
Based on the thematic analysis of the articles reviewed, several intersections were identified and some featured a form of mutual collaboration between lean and KM, namely, the relationship between LSS as well as KM, applying lean tools in the KM process within the organizations or companies and the implementation of KM on lean supply chain.
However, the implementation of LKM in halal supply chain traceability for perishable food was still absent from the literature.
RQ2.
LKM means efficient knowledge management which eliminates all forms of waste that interfere with the KM process.
LKM processes for business actors turned knowledge into added value for the supply chain.
The role of LKM was as an enabler for PFSC in adopting traceability technology.
As a fast-changing technology, the adoption of traceability technology could be approached by LKM .
fficient KM proces.
with several advantages achieved due to increased responsiveness, enhanced efficiency, and advanced flexibility.
Considering the important role of LKM in enabling PFSC to address complex challenges in traceability technology adoption, collaborative interdisciplinary research is needed.
The finding of SLR has provided a contribution to advance the literature and understanding of LKM.
The fusion of lean and KM could be a robust management tool .
to cope with wasteful knowledge of halal traceability and strengthen halal integrity.
the context of PFSC, via the framework that has been developed, the LKM process and system are bolstering all actors and stakeholders in the PFSC, therefore raising halal awareness of halal wisdom, appropriate halal policy, and the use of precise halal traceability technology on PFSC However, this research had some limitations.
Firstly, it relied solely on a literature review to explore the synergy of lean and KM, and future work should incorporate empirical research in measuring the role of LKM as an enabler of PFSC.
Secondly, this research relied on a single Scopus database, hence future studies should combine EBSCO.
Scopus.
ABI/Inform, and Web of Science to explore more inclusive results.
Thirdly, the discussion was limited to the task of LKM in halal supply chain traceability for perishable food circumstances.
The generalization Anggraini et al A Vol 5.
2024 : 1199-1220 and confirmation of the result to other reserve chain contexts must be performed scrupulously.
The SLR presented a robust method to avoid interpretation bias but pertinent articles were not Therefore, future analyses should introduce new research areas not embedded in this References