International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol.
No.
August 2017, pp.
ISSN: 2088-8708.
DOI: 10.
11591/ijece.
Concurrent Quad-band Low Noise Amplifier (QB-LNA) using Multisection Impedance Transformer Teguh Firmansyah.
Anggoro Suryo Pramudyo.
Siswo Wardoyo.
Romi Wiryadinata.
Alimuddin Department of Electrical Engineering.
University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.
Indonesia
Article Info
ABSTRACT
Article history:
A quad-band low noise amplifier (QB-LNA) based on multisection impedance transformer designed and evaluated in this research.
As a novelty, a multisection impedance transformer was used to produce QB-LNA.
multisection impedance transformer is used as input and output impedance matching because it has higher stability, large Q factor, and low noise than The QB-LNA was designed on FR4 microstrip substrate with Aur= 4.
4, thickness h=1.
6 mm, and tan A= 0.
The proposed QB-LNA was designed and analyzed by Advanced Design System (ADS).
The simulation has shown that QB-LNA achieves gain (S.
91 dB, 16.
dB, 11.
18 dB, and 7.
25 dB at 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz.
The QB-LNA obtainreturn loss (S.
28 dB, -31.
87 dB, 28.
08 dB, and -30.
85 dB at 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz.
It also achieves a Noise figure .
35 dB, 2.
13 dB, 2.
dB, and 3.
55 dB at 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz.
This research also has shown that the Figure of merit (FoM) of the proposed QB-LNA is higher than that of another multiband LNA.
Received Feb 12, 2017 Revised Apr 28, 2017 Accepted Apr 12, 2017 Keyword:
Gain Impedance transformer Low noise amplifier Noise figure Copyright A 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Teguh Firmansyah.
Departement of Electrical Engineering.
University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.
Jl.
Jenderal Sudirman.
Km.
Cilegon.
Banten.
Indonesia.
Email: teguhfirmansyah@untirta.
INTRODUCTION
High demand for various types of wireless communications, encourage the research and development of multiband transceiver .
The multiband transceiver accommodate multiple types of wireless technologies simultaneously, making it cheaper, more efficient, and compact .
A subsystem of multiband transceiver consists of a multiband antenna (MA) .
, .
, a multiband power amplifier (MPA) .
, .
, a multiband mixer (MM) .
, a multiband band-pass filter (MBPF) .
and multiband low noise amplifier (MLNA) .
A low noise amplifier (LNA) is necessary to amplify a signal without increasing the noise and interference at several frequencies simultaneously .
There are several method frequenly used for MLNAdesign such as.
wideband matching .
, switch method .
, and concurrent multiband .
The wideband method can produce LNA with wide frequency operating.
However, this method has drawbacks such as high interference signal, because the unneeded signal is also strengthened.
Meanwhile, switch method has the advantage of low interference but a switch-LNA works optimally at a single frequency.
In addition, the switch method also requires additional switch with a good performance.
A concurrent method could produce LNA with low interference and good performance at multiple frequencies simultaneously.
The employment of concurrent multiband can be done by using lumped components as input and output matching impedances, but it makes the design of MLNA be more complex.
As novelty, a concurrent quad-band low noise amplifier (QB-LNA) using multisection impedance transformer was proposed in this paper.
A multisection impedance transformer (MIT) was used to produce a Journal homepage: http://iaesjournal.
com/online/index.
php/IJECE A ISSN: 2088-8708 multiband matching circuit.
MIT has many advantages including low noise, high stability, simple, and easy in fabrication.
The QB-LNA has frequencies 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz, for GSM900.
WCDMA1800.
LTE2600, and LTE3500 application respectively.
The QB-LNA was designed on FR4 microstrip substrate with Aur= 4.
4, h=1.
6 mm, and tan A = 0.
The QB-LNA was simulated by using Schematic Simulation Advanced System Design (ADS).
This research also was shown that the Figure of merit (FoM) of the proposed QB-LNA is higher than that of another multiband LNA.
THE PROPOSED METHOD
A subsystem of QB-LNA consist of bias transistor, input impedance maching (IIM), and output impedance matching (OIM) .
, .
as shown in Figure 1.
The FET NE321S01 with a low power source of bias VCC = 5 V was used.
A multi-section impedance transformer (MIT) as IIM and OIM was proposed in this research to produce four-band LNAas shown in Figure 2.
Quadband
Input
Matching Quadband
Output
Matching Bias Transistor
Z0=50W
[S]
Z0=50W
Source ANS
ANL
Figure 1.
A subsystem of multiband LNA
Z1 =ZIN
Vcc
q2 q3 q4
Z2 Z3 Z4
q7 q8 q9
Z7 Z8 Z9
NE3210S01
RL=50W
C1 = 10 pF Rs=50W Source Quadband Input Matching Transistor Bias Quadband Output Matching Figure 2.
A multi-section impedance transformer (MIT) as IIM and OIM with termination port (RS and RL), bias circuit resistance RN (N=1,2,.
, power supply (VCC), coupling capacitor CN (N=1,2,.
RF choke (L.
, the impedance of transmission line ZN (N=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,.
, electrical length qN (N=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,.
, and input impedance Z IN.
Small Signal and Resonant Conditions Analysis Figure 3 shows a small signal analysis of transistor bias circuit.
The input impedance ZIN is given by Equation .
with transconductance .
, source inductance (LS), gate inductance (LG), and gate-source capacitance (CGS).
IJECE Vol.
No.
August 2017 : 2061 Ae 2070
IJECE
ISSN: 2088-8708
gmVgs
Cgs
Source Zs Zin
ZOUT ZL
Figure 3.
Small signal analysis of bias circuit A relation of cutoff frequency and transconductance is given by:
and ZIN at cutoff frequency is given by:
At a resonant frequency, the ZIN can be found as follows:
At maching condition.
ZIN and return loss are given by:
) (
) (
With j A = sat resonant frequency (A.
, the Equation .
could be simplified.
With Concurrent Quad-band Low Noise Amplifier (QB-LNA) using Multisection A.
(Teguh Firmansya.
A ISSN: 2088-8708 A bandwidth of LNA could be found at S11 lower than -10 dB, the S11 is formulated by:
The upper and lower threshold is followed by:
Single-section Impedance Transformer (SIT) Figure 4 shows a single section impedance transformer.
T21
T12
AN1 AN2
AN3
Figure 4.
Single-section Impedance Transformer The partial reflection coefficients ANN (N=1,2,.
and partial transmission coefficients TN (N=1,.
are given by:
A total reflection can be calculated as follows:
AN AN
A geometry series was used for simplifying Equation .
, then the total reflection can be found:
AN AN
IJECE Vol.
No.
August 2017 : 2061 Ae 2070
IJECE
ISSN: 2088-8708
Multi-section Impedance Transformer (MIT) To produce QB-LNA with quad-bandimpedance matching circuit at IMM and OIM, a multisection impedance transformer (MIT) was used, as shown in Figure 5.
MIT has many advantages including low noise, high stability, simple, and easy in fabrication.
The ZIN is given by .
with , propagations constant .
, and electrical length ( ).
M 1
ZAo1 ZAo2 ZAoM ZAoM 1 Figure 5.
Multisection impedance transformer with low frequency dispersion and ( ) , input impedance (ZiA.
is given by:
At maching condition, return loss is given by:
(( )
(( )
(( )
DESIGN AND SIMULATION
To show the applicability of proposed concept of QB-LNA, a multisection impedance transformer (MIT) was used as shown in Figure 6.
The QB-LNA has been designed with frequencies 0.
92 GHz, 1.
GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz, for GSM900.
WCDMA1800.
LTE2600, and LTE3500 application The QB-LNA was designed on FR4 microstrip substrate with Aur= 4.
4, h=1.
6 mm, and tan A = The width and length of transmission line are w1 = 22.
4 mm, w2 = 15.
4 mm, w3 = 6.
3 mm, w4 = 1.
mm, w5 = 0.
3 mm, w6 = 2.
0 mm, w7 = 1.
0 mm, w8 = 3.
0 mm, w9= 1.
0 mm and l1= 23.
8 mm, l2 = 8.
1 mm, l3 = 56 mm, l4 = 18 mm, l5 = 21 mm, l6 = 0.
3 mm, l7 = 0.
5 mm, l8 = 20 mm, l9= 20 mm.
The lumped components VCC = 5 V.
L1 = 47 nH .
s a RF Chok.
R1 = 475 W.
R2 = 3 kW.
R3 = 51 W.
C3 = 30 pF.
RS = 50 W .
s a input terminatio.
, and RL = 50 W .
s a output terminatio.
Concurrent Quad-band Low Noise Amplifier (QB-LNA) using Multisection A.
(Teguh Firmansya.
A ISSN: 2088-8708
R1 = 475 E
Vcc = 5 V
Z1 =ZIN
L1 = 47 nH (RFC) Source C2 = 10 pF
NE3210S01
RL=50W
C1 = 10 pF
Rs=50W R2 = 3000 E
R3 = 51 E
C3 = 30 pF Figure 6.
QB-LNA using multisection impedance transformer (MIT) .
Figure 7.
The extracted center frequency with varied w4/w3, .
the extracted of return loss (S.
with varied w4/w3, .
the extracted of gain (S.
with varied w4/w3 The extracted center frequency with varied w4/w3, a return loss (S.
with varied w4/w3, gain (S.
with varied w4/w3, are shown in Figure 7.
, 7.
, and 7.
, respectively.
Figure 7.
shows that the center frequency of f1, f3, and f4 are still stable with varied w4/w3.
However, a return loss (S.
of f2 has decreased as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7.
shows that the increase of of w4/w3 would effect to the return loss (S.
Figure 7.
illustrated the extraction of gain (S.
with varied w4/w3.
It shows that gain (S.
of frequency f1, f3, and f4 vary slightly, but a gain at frequency of f3 falls dramatically.
In general, the variation of w4/w3 only affects the performances of the second frequency .
, but it does slightly affect to performances of frequency f1, f3, and f4.
IJECE Vol.
No.
August 2017 : 2061 Ae 2070
IJECE
ISSN: 2088-8708
Figure 8.
show the extracted return loss (S.
and gain (S.
with varied power supply (VCC).
It is useful for demonstrating the consistency performance of QB-LNA.
The return loss (S.
of frequency f1, f2, f3, and f4 remains constant.
However, the value of gain (S.
and Noise figure .
shifted because a varied of power supply (VCC).
Figure 8.
The extracted of return loss (S.
and gain (S.
, .
Noise figurewith varied VCC Figure 9 .
shows the extracted return loss (S.
and gain (S.
with varied l1.
The chart shows that a return loss (S.
and gain (S.
of f1 has not changed.
However, the center frequency of f2, f3, and f4 are shifted by varied of l1.
Figure 9.
shows the extracted return loss (S.
and gain (S.
with varied w2.
The results are similar, a return loss (S.
of f1 has not changed and the center frequency of f2, f3, and f4 are shifted because variation of w2.
Figure 9.
The extracted return loss (S.
and gain (S.
with varied l1.
The extracted return loss (S.
and gain (S.
with varied w2
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The QB-LNA was designed on FR4 microstrip substrate with Aur= 4.
4, thickness h=1.
6 mm, and tan A= 0.
The proposed QB-LNA was designed and analyzed by Advanced System Design (ADS).
Figure 10 shows the performance of return loss (S.
and gain (S.
of QB-LNA.
The simulation has shown that QB-LNA achieves gain (S.
91 dB, 16.
5 dB, 11.
18 dB, and 25 dB at 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz, respectively.
The QB-LNA obtain return loss (S.
Concurrent Quad-band Low Noise Amplifier (QB-LNA) using Multisection A.
(Teguh Firmansya.
A ISSN: 2088-8708 28 dB, -31.
87 dB, -28.
08 dB, and -30.
85 dB at 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz.
Figure 11 shows in the performance of Noise figure .
B) and stability factor (K) of QB-LNA.
This QB-LNA achieves a Noise figure .
35 dB, 2.
13 dB, 2.
56 dB, and 3.
55 dB at 0.
92 GHz, 1.
GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz, respectively.
Furthermore, the stability factor of all bands above 1.
0 is also depicted in Figure 11.
Figure 10.
The performance of return loss (S.
and gain (S.
of QB-LNA Figure 11.
The performance of Noise figure .
B) and stability factor (K) of QB-LNA This research has shown that the Figure of merit (FoM) of the proposed QB-LNA is higher than another multiband LNA, as shown in Table 1.
A FoM is given by .
Table 1.
The Figure of merit (FoM) of the proposed QB-LNA Parameter Method f0 (GH.
S21 .
B) NF .
B) PDC .
W) Gain/ PDC B/mW) FoM W-.
Concurrent multiband
1,80
2,45
9,20
12,00
5,70
6,40
Reference .
Concurrent multiband
2,40
5,20
15,00
6,50
2,50
2,40
Concurrent multiband
2,20
4,60
10,80
8,80
3,53
2,52
This work
Concurrent multiband
1,15
1,50
1,50
0,65
1,38
1,13
0,38
0,59
4,07
0,61
1,21
1,24
2,91
1,44
CONCLUSION
A multisection impedance transformer was used to produce QB-LNA.
The QB-LNA has been designed with frequencies 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz, for GSM900.
WCDMA1800.
LTE2600, and LTE3500 application respectively.
The QB-LNA was designed on FR4 microstrip substrate with Aur= 4.
4, thickness h=1.
6 mm, and tan A= 0.
The proposed QB-LNA was designed and analyzed by Advanced System Design (ADS).
The simulation has shown that QB-LNA achieves gain (S.
91 dB, 5 dB, 11.
18 dB, and 7.
25 dB at 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz, respectively.
The QBLNA obtain return loss (S.
28 dB, -31.
87 dB, -28.
08 dB, and -30.
85 dB at 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
GHz, and 3.
54 GHz, respectively.
It also achieves a Noise figure .
35 dB, 2.
13 dB, 2.
56 dB, and 3.
dB at 0.
92 GHz, 1.
84 GHz, 2.
61 GHz, and 3.
54 GHz, respectively.
This research also has shown that the Figure of merit (FoM) of the proposed QB-LNA is higher than that of another multiband LNA.
IJECE Vol.
No.
August 2017 : 2061 Ae 2070
IJECE
ISSN: 2088-8708
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work was supported by the Ministry of Research.
Technology and Higher Education.
Indonesian Government as a part of Penelitian Kerjasama Perguruan Tinggi (Grant No.
267/UN43.
9/PL/K/2.
REFERENCES