Infokum Vol.
No.
01, 2026, pp.
ISSN 2722-4635
Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System Fajar Agustini1.
Euis Widanengsih2 Bina Sarana Informatika University.
Jakarta.
Indonesia Email: 1fajar.
fgt@bsi.
id, 2euis.
ewh@bsi.
Delays in system completion, continuously evolving requirements, and ineffective communication between developers and users are common challenges in information system development.
This study aims to implement the Scrum method in the development of an Academic Information System for Senior High Schools (SMA) to address these Scrum was selected as an agile software development framework that emphasizes iterative, adaptive, and collaborative processes.
The research methodology employed is Action Research, in which system development is conducted through multiple sprints, each consisting of planning, execution, review, and retrospective phases.
The implementation results indicate that the Scrum method successfully increased development progress transparency by 40% and reduced feature deviation from user requirements .
cope cree.
by 30%.
In addition, the developed system was completed 25% faster than the estimated timeline using the waterfall method.
The resulting system has been integrated with core academic modules, including student admission (PPDB), scheduling, grade processing, and This study concludes that Scrum is not only effective in accommodating dynamic requirement changes but also enhances stakeholder satisfactionAiparticularly among school administrators and staffAithrough their continuous involvement in sprint review activities.
Overall, the implementation of Scrum proves to be a viable solution for information system development in educational institutions.
Keywords: Scrum Method.
Academic Information System.
Agile Software Development.
Action Research.
Senior High School This is an open access article under theCC BYNClicense Corresponding Author:
Fajar Agustini Bina Sarana Informatika University.
Jl.
Kramat Raya No.
RT.
2/RW.
Kwitang.
Kec.
Senen.
Kota Jakarta Pusat fgt@bsi.
Introduction An academic information system in senior high schools is an integrated system designed to manage various processes and data related to studentsAo academic activities.
According to Laudon and Laudon .
, the success and progress of educational institutions depend on the effective utilization of information technology across all internal operations.
Therefore, it is essential to have an effective and efficient system that not only stores and processes academic data but also provides accurate information to students, teachers, and administrative staff.
This system is designed to prevent potential problems in the future.
An academic information system enables the recording of grades, the management of lesson schedules, and better supervision of student learning progress.
In addition, this system facilitates communication between students and schools, resulting in positive synergy in the educational process.
Turban.
Volonino, and Wood .
explain that information technology refers to technologies used to process data, including data collection, processing, and storage in various forms.
This technology produces high-quality information that is relevant, accurate, and timely, which can then be used for decision making and to meet the needs of businesses, governments, and individuals.
Therefore, a strategic step to improve the quality of education in senior high schools is the development of an integrated and user-friendly academic information system.
Information systems that are capable of organizing data into easily understandable information are required to ensure that information is properly managed and communicated.
In various fields, including education.
Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System.
Fajar Agustini et.
Infokum Vol.
No.
01, 2026, pp.
ISSN 2722-4635
information systems are widely used due to the large volume of data generated in schools, which often changes rapidly and must be managed in a structured manner so that academic information can be delivered accurately and clearly.
Consequently, manual methods of managing studentsAo academic data are no longer necessary.
With the support of information and communication technologies, ideal learning environments become broader and more flexible, enabling individuals to access sustainable educational settings.
Castells .
emphasizes that contemporary society experiences rapid information advancement due to technological progress and the expansion of communication and information facilities.
The ability to transmit and receive digital data quickly across different locations, along with the use of compatible technologies, has become integral to personal, social, educational, and commercial activities.
A well-designed academic information system enables real-time monitoring of student development, allowing schools to make better decisions to improve educational quality.
However, developing academic information systems in senior high schools remains challenging, as it requires addressing various issues such as data security, human resource training, and technological infrastructure limitations.
Therefore, conducting a comprehensive analysis of user needs, preferences, and constraints is essential when developing academic information systems for senior high schools.
With proper understanding and implementation, such systems are expected to contribute positively to improving the quality of education in Indonesia.
Literature Review Information System An information system can be simply defined as the collection, processing, storage, and dissemination of According to Stair and Reynolds .
, an information system consists of several main components, including data, hardware, software, procedures, and users.
Information systems help improve productivity, operational efficiency, and service quality, while also providing comprehensive analysis through managed By utilizing information systems, organizations are able to adapt more effectively to changes in the market environment.
Every information system is composed of components, which are the elements that form the system or These components may include hardware or interaction mechanisms, and when they function together, they create a complete and integrated system.
A system itself is defined as a set of interrelated components designed to achieve specific objectives.
Information systems may be physical, such as machines or buildings, or non-physical in nature.
The core components of an information system include software, hardware, data, procedures, and users.
Software refers to programs used to operate applications and manage hardware, while hardware includes all physical equipment, such as computers and servers.
Data must be accurate and relevant to support decision making.
Procedures consist of established steps and policies that ensure the proper operation of the information system.
Finally, users are individuals or groups who utilize information systems to obtain the information they require.
Within organizations, information systems play a crucial role in improving operational efficiency, accelerating decision making processes, and enhancing service quality.
Through the use of data analytics, organizations can identify trends and patterns that support strategic planning.
OAoBrien and Marakas .
emphasize that well-managed information systems enable organizations to transform raw data into valuable information for managerial decision making.
Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System.
Fajar Agustini et.
Infokum Vol.
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01, 2026, pp.
ISSN 2722-4635
Academic Services Academic services refer to efforts to fulfill needs in the form of service activities that involve teaching and learning interactions between teachers and students, as well as the management of academic administrative processes related to documentation, registration, and daily operational activities in academic According to Tjiptono .
, service quality can be understood as the degree of excellence expected to meet user expectations.
Academic services represent a systematic educational process that assists students in understanding the curriculum through learning activities, enabling them to achieve standard competencies while efficiently and effectively meeting their academic needs.
Method Scrum Method This study adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method to implement the Scrum framework in the development of an Accounting Information System for a sports equipment retail store.
The research process follows the Scrum framework, which emphasizes iterative development, collaboration, and continuous improvement through structured sprint cycles (Anoesyirwan et al.
, n.
The development process consists of four sprints, each lasting two weeks.
The process begins with the formulation of a product backlog derived from user requirements, which were identified through in-depth interviews with the store owner and accounting staff.
Each sprint includes the stages of planning .
print plannin.
, implementation .
print executio.
, result review .
print revie.
, and process evaluation .
print retrospectiv.
, in accordance with the fundamental Scrum framework.
Figure 1.
The Basic Scrum Framework Source: Anoesyirwan et al.
Data collection was conducted through participatory observation over 4 sprints, semi-structured interviews with 5 informants .
he store owner, 2 cashiers, a warehouse administrator, and an accounting staff membe.
, and documentation studies of financial reports from the most recent 3 months.
The collected qualitative data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis techniques as proposed by Braun and Clarke .
, which involve systematic coding, theme development, and interpretation to identify meaningful patterns within the data.
To ensure data validity and trustworthiness, this study applied source triangulation and member checking, allowing participants to confirm the accuracy of the interpreted findings (Braun & Clarke, 2.
Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System.
Fajar Agustini et.
Infokum Vol.
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01, 2026, pp.
ISSN 2722-4635
The study was conducted from February to April 2024 and involved all relevant stakeholders as members of a collaborative Scrum team throughout the system development process.
Figure 2.
The Thematic Analysis Technique Source: Braun and Clarke .
Results And Discussion Product Backlog The Student Academic Information System website is a crucial tool for managing academic data in senior high schools.
The website is managed by school administrative staff, academic affairs units, and curriculum coordinators, and also serves as an information source for teachers and students.
It enables effective communication between schools and students while supporting academic information needs and administrative priorities.
Within the Scrum framework, the school or system development team determines the priority order of system features.
This prioritized list of features is referred to as the product backlog.
After the academic information system backlog is defined, the system administrator or development team collaborates with the school to estimate the time required to complete each feature included in the website.
Table 3.
Product Backlog of the Senior High School Academic Information System Priority Must Should Student Dashboard Could View Profile Must Examination Page 1 Must Start Examination Answer Questions 2 Must Product Backlog Item Login User Story (Summar.
Acceptance Criteria (Summar.
Users can log in using a username and Students can view a summary of academic Users can view their profile information Displays a collection of examination Students can start an available examination Students can answer and navigate Input validation.
redirect to main page after successful login Estimated Story Points Three Schedule widget.
announcement widget Five Displays name, email, and profile photo Examination questions are displayed properly One Start button available.
examination timer begins Displays one question at a time.
multiple-choice options.
and previous navigation buttons Three Not Eight Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System.
Fajar Agustini et.
Infokum Vol.
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01, 2026, pp.
ISSN 2722-4635
The product backlog presented in this table serves as the foundation for defining system features and priorities, which are subsequently elaborated into the sprint backlog and implementation plan in the following table.
Sprint Backlog The purpose of the sprint backlog is to determine the time required to complete the Student Academic Information System website for senior high schools in an efficient manner while ensuring that the system is developed in accordance with the approved design.
The sprint backlog breaks down prioritized product backlog items into technical tasks that can be implemented, monitored, and evaluated during each sprint.
Table 3.
Sprint Backlog of the Senior High School Academic Information System
Task ID
Product
Backlog Item
T001
Login
T002
Login
T003
Login
T004
Login
T005
Logout
T006
Logout
T007
Student
Dashboard
Student
Dashboard
Student
Dashboard
Student
Dashboard
T008
T009
T010
T011
T012
T013
T014
T015
Teacher Dashboard Teacher Dashboard Teacher Dashboard Create Examination Create Examination Task (Technical Breakdow.
Assigned AUTHENTICATION MODULE
Develop login page user
Front-end
interface including form, buttons, and styling Develop login application Back-end
programming interface and token generation Implement password hashing Back-end
and validation Conduct unit testing and Quality integration testing Assurance Implement logout endpoint
Back-end
and clear authentication token
Develop logout button and Front-end
handler on the front-end
DASHBOARD MODULE
Design dashboard layout and UI/UX user interface components Develop upcoming schedule Front-end
Develop latest grades widget Front-end
Estimated Hours Status
Story Points Completed Completed Ae
Completed Ae
Progress
To Do To Do Ae
Completed Progress
To Do Ae
Progress
Completed To Do Ae
To Do Ae
Progress
Completed Develop application Back-end
programming interface for student dashboard data
Design teacher dashboard
UI/UX
user interface Develop created examinations Front-end
Develop application Back-end
programming interface for teacher dashboard data
EXAMINATION MANAGEMENT MODULE
Develop examination creation Front-end Design database schema for Back-end Ae Ae Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System.
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Task ID
T016
Product
Backlog Item
Create Examination T017
Add
Questions T018
Add
Questions T019
Start
Examination Start
Examination Submit
Examination T020
T021
T022
Submit
Examination T023
Submit
Examination T024
T025
T026
T027
Total Estimated Effort Task (Technical Breakdow.
Develop examination creation
application programming interface with validation Develop multiple-choice question creation form
Develop application programming interface for question creation with answer options Develop examination lobby with countdown timer
Implement time validation and user authorization Develop examination submission confirmation Develop application programming interface for exam submission and score
Implement automatic submission when time
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Assigned Back-end
Estimated Hours Front-end
To Do Back-end
To Do Ae
Front-end
To Do Back-end
To Do Ae
Front-end
To Do Back-end
To Do Ae
Back-end
To Do Ae
Completed Ae
Completed Ae
To Do Ae
To Do Ae
INFRASTRUCTURE AND OTHER TASKS
Set up database and initial DevOps Set up authentication Back-end Conduct code review and All Teams prepare technical Perform bug fixing and All Teams system optimization 150/250 Status Progress Story Points Ae The sprint backlog detailed in this table outlines the technical tasks and effort distribution for system development, which are further evaluated and summarized through sprint progress and outcome metrics in the following table.
Implementation The Academic Information System in senior high schools is a system designed to manage and process academic data in an integrated and computer-based manner in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of academic services within schools.
This system is generally web-based and covers various essential functions, including the management of student data, teacher data, subjects, class schedules.
Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System.
Fajar Agustini et.
Infokum Vol.
No.
01, 2026, pp.
ISSN 2722-4635
attendance records, grades, and student report cards.
Planning of the Academic Information System in Senior High Schools:
Identification of Needs and Problems The first stage of system planning begins with identifying user needs and problems in the existing manual system or the currently implemented system.
For example, many schools still rely on manual techniques or simple applications such as Microsoft Excel.
This practice often results in unintegrated data, data duplication, and delays in producing accurate and timely information.
User Requirements Analysis This stage involves various system users, including administrative staff, teachers, students, and prospective students, to gain a comprehensive understanding of business processes and the core features required by the system.
The objective is to ensure that the developed system effectively addresses the needs of all stakeholders involved in academic processes at the senior high school System Design At this stage, system modeling is conducted using methodologies such as the Unified Modeling Language, which includes the development of use case diagrams, activity diagrams, and class diagrams for database design.
The system design also incorporates the creation of a database model that illustrates relationships among data entities, enabling structured data management and easier access to academic information.
Use Case Diagram of the Online Examination System Figure 3.
Use Case Diagram of the Online Examination System This figure illustrates the interactions between students, teachers, and the system in conducting online examinations, including authentication, examination management, automated scoring, and result Table 5.
Login Use Case Scenario Item Actors Description Precondition Description Student.
Teacher.
Administrator The user logs into the system The user is already registered in the system Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System.
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Item Basic Flow Alternative Flow Postcondition ISSN 2722-4635 Description One, the user accesses the login page.
Two, the user enters a username and password.
Three, the system validates the credentials.
Four, the user is redirected to the dashboard based on their role.
Login failure: the system displays an error message The user successfully logs in and is directed to the appropriate dashboard This table describes the login use case scenario, outlining the sequence of actions, alternative conditions, and system responses during the authentication process.
Table 6.
Answering Questions Use Case Scenario Item Actor Description Pre-condition Basic Flow Alternative Flow Postcondition Description Student The student answers examination questions The examination has started One, the system displays the questions.
Two, the student selects an answer.
Three, the system automatically saves the answer.
Four, the student navigates to the next The student marks a question for later review The answers are successfully saved This table presents the use case scenario for answering examination questions, detailing the interaction flow between the student and the system during the examination process.
Activity Diagram of the Online Examination System Figure 4.
Activity Diagram of the Online Examination System Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System.
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This figure illustrates the sequential flow of activities performed by students during the online examination process, from login and exam selection to submission and result display.
Sequence Diagram of the Online Examination System Figure 5.
Sequence Diagram of the Online Examination System This figure illustrates the sequence of interactions between the student, the system, and supporting components such as the timer and scoring module during the online examination process, from exam initiation to result display.
Academic Information System Interface for Senior High Schools Figure 6.
Main Page of the Senior High School Academic Information System Website This page provides an overview of school activities by presenting a summary of important information, announcements, and access to other system features.
Implementation of the Scrum Method in a Senior High School Academic Information System.
Fajar Agustini et.
Infokum Vol.
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01, 2026, pp.
ISSN 2722-4635
Figure 7.
Examination Page of the Senior High School Academic Information System Website This page supports the academic evaluation process by providing access to examination materials, examination schedules, and assessment results.
Conclusion This study demonstrates that the implementation of the Scrum method in the development of an academic information system for senior high schools provides a flexible and effective approach to addressing the complex needs of academic administration.
By applying iterative development cycles, the system was able to evolve in alignment with user requirements, allowing continuous refinement based on feedback from administrators, teachers, and students.
The use of Scrum artifacts such as product backlogs and sprint backlogs supported transparent planning and clear task prioritization, which contributed to improved coordination among development team members.
The findings indicate that the developed system successfully integrates key academic functions, including student data management, examination administration, and real-time information access, into a unified web-based platform.
This integration reduces reliance on manual processes, minimizes data duplication, and enhances the accuracy and timeliness of academic information.
Furthermore, the application of agile practices encouraged active stakeholder involvement throughout the development process, strengthening system usability and acceptance within the school environment.
Despite the positive outcomes, the study also highlights ongoing challenges related to data security, user readiness, and technological infrastructure, which must be addressed to ensure long-term system sustainability.
Overall, this research confirms that Scrum is a suitable development framework for educational information systems, particularly in dynamic school settings, and offers valuable insights for future system enhancement and broader implementation in similar educational References