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The Comparison Between Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang Dialect in South Solok Mac Aditiawarman, *2Sri Wahyuningsih Fakultas Sastra.
Universitas Ekasakti, macaditiawarman@yahoo.
Fakultas Sastra.
Universitas Ekasakti , sriwahyuninsih2002@gmail.
*Corresponding Author Sri Wahyuningsih Fakultas Sastra.
Universitas Ekasakti , sriwahyuninsih2002@gmail.
Abstract This research entitled the Comparison Between Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang Dialects in South Solok.
The main objective of this research is to compare the dialects of Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang, both of which originate from the South Solok region.
The research focuses on lexical similarities, lexical differences, and word formation processes within the two dialects.
A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through direct interviews, observation, notetaking, and audio recordings.
This research is grounded in lexical theory, dialectology, and morphological theory.
These frameworks were used to analyze the vocabulary of both dialects in order to identify similarities and differences, as well as to understand the word formation processes involved.
The results of the analysis revealed that there are 692 lexical items that share similarities between the two dialects, while 92 lexical items exhibit form differences.
Additionally, 73 vocabulary items were identified as having different forms but the same meanings.
In terms of word formation, several morphological processes were found in both dialects, including borrowing 13 items, compounding 21 items, clipping 3 items, acronym 1 item, and derivation 12 items.
These findings highlight the linguistic diversity and complexity within regional dialects in South Solok.
Keywords: Dialect.
Lexical.
Morphology.
Lubuk Gadang.
Pasir Talang
A 2025Jurnal JIPS
I INTRODUCTION
In South Solok has two interesting dialects to analyze are the (LGD) and (PTD).
The (LGD) tends to be more structured and formal in its pronunciation, reflecting a strong local cultural In contrast, the (PTD) shows a greater degree of flexibility and openness to outside influences, often shaped by contact with surrounding dialects.
These dialectical differences not only affect the way people communicate, but also reflect differences in perspective and cultural values held by speakers.
The exploration of lexical differences between these dialects allows us to better appreciate the linguistic and cultural diversity that exists.
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Mac Aditiawarman, *2Sri Wahyuningsih Jurnal JIPS (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholasti.
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The phenomenon of dialect differences in South Solok, particularly between (LGD) and (PTD), is closely related to the social background and economic activities of the local community.
the Lubuk Gadang area, the majority of residents work as farmers, so their lives are more focused on agricultural activities and the surrounding This condition tends to limit their social interactions within their own community, so the language used is more protected, retains traditional characteristics, and feels more formal.
In contrast, the Pasir Talang community is more involved in the world of trade.
This profession requires them to frequently interact with people from outside the area, both from the surrounding area and from outside South Solok.
This high level of interaction makes the (PTD) more receptive to outside influences, both in vocabulary and pronunciation, giving it a more flexible feel.
Therefore, the lifestyle differences between the agrarian community in Lubuk Gadang and the trading community in Pasir Talang are one of the main factors that give rise to dialect variation in this region.
Language variation encompasses aspects such as semantic understanding, proverbs, and expressions, which contribute to the emergence of dialectal differences.
One of the key variations appears in morphology, where differences in word usage to represent the same concept or object can be observed between regions.
This discussion will focus on the morphological differences that arise between the (LGD) and (PTD), particularly in how speakers from each region construct and understand words.
As one of the regional langauges in Indonesia, especially in West Sumatra, the Minangkabau language has many different dialects in various places.
Based on Anjelia opinion .
Minangkabau language can be divided into fourteen common These dialects are Simpang Ampek dialect.
Lubuk Sikapiang dialect.
Lubuak Basuang dialect.
Pariaman dialect.
Padang dialect.
Payakumbuah dialect.
Bukitinggi dialect.
Padang Panjang dialect.
Batusangkar dialect.
Painan dialect.
Sawahlunto dialect.
Solok Selatan dialect.
Koto Baru dialect and Indropuro dialect.
These dialects are named based on the Minangkabau This is because the Padang dialect is used in almost all areas of Minangkabau.
Therefore, an in-depth analyze of the local dialects of the Minangkabau language, especially in Solok Selatan Regency, is one way to preserve the regional language.
Every language has diversity that can be observed through several aspects, such as variations in understanding, proounciation, and grammatical structure, which are known as dialect of thr language.
Based on Chambers and Trudgil explanation .
Dialect is a substandard form language, which is considered to be of lower status, often rural and is generally associated with farmers, the working class, or other less prestigious groups.
This means that the differences in dialect that emerge between one region and other are basically influenced by social factor such as class difference in society.
One of the main areas of dialectology is lexical research, also known as lexical studies.
This field of research investigates differences in the meaning and use of words across dialects.
Specifically, semantic linguistics deals with the meaning of words in a language and how they are used in communication.
The semantics of vocabulary can be broadly defined as the exploration of the meaning of words, although it is more appropriate to understand it as the investigation of the meaning of vocabulary, rather than simply of words in their orthographic sense.
A lexical meaning or sense can be thought of aswhatever it is that connects the word form to the appropriate concept Murphy .
The lexical aspect of language refers to elements that exist in our minds independently of context, typically based on dictionary vocabulary.
According to Francis .
, the lexical component comprising thousands of items is the least structured part of language, making it more prone to incidental rather than systematic This implies that new words can be added to the vocabulary easily, without significantly altering the language system.
Such additions usually occur when there is a need to name new objects or concepts.
Therefore, lexical items are words that carry inherent meaning and are not shaped by contextual influences.
Based on Murphy explanation .
lexicon is a dictionary, especially a classical language dictionary or a language vocabulary also known as lexis or the knowledge of a particular language user about his own vocabulary.
Lexicons generally make claims about the vocabulary of a language, its lexis.
Lexicon shows that lexemes are Jurnal JIPS (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholasti.
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not always identical to words in the context of actual language use.
Lexemes are basically basic or abstract forms of words that appear in everyday In other words, lexemes are the most basic units of meaning in a language, which are usually considered as the basic form of a word.
Lexical comparison is used as one approach to identifying differences and similarities between In this context, lexical comparison refers to the comparison between dialects that may differ in terms of vocabulary, meaning, and other linguistic features.
Morphology is the branch of linguistics that examines the structure of words and the rules governing word formation.
Yule .
defined morphology is concerned with word forms that originate from morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in a language.
In the analysis of language variation, particularly in the context of dialectal differences, morphological aspects play a crucial role.
Each dialect has its own system of word formation, which may involve the use of distinctive affixes, specific morphological processes such as blending or abbreviation, or the incorporation of elements from other languages through borrowing.
Therefore, morphology constitutes one of the most fundamental areas of linguistic and cannot be overlooked when comparing two different dialects,such as the (LGD) an (PTD) in the South Solok.
The (LGD) and (PTD) spoken in the South Solok region.
morphological approach enables researcher to identify and understand structural differences in word formation that may not be immediately evident at the phonological or syntactic levels, yet are significant in reflecting the unique characteristics of each dialect.
One area of linguistics known as morphology examines how words are formed.
Lieber .
, says morphology is the field that examines of word formation, including the way forms of words are coined in the languages of the world, and the way forms of words are varied depending on how theyAore used in sentence II RESEARCH METHOD 1 Method of Collecting the Data The data in this research were collected through observation and oral investigation According to Kothari .
, observation is the most commonly used method in behavioral science research.
Therefore, in this research, field observations were conducted to observe linguistic phenomena, especially the similarities and differences between the dialects of Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang in South Solok.
Meanwhile, the oral investigation method Boberg, et all .
involved the researcher going directly into the field to interview predetermined informants in order to obtain valid data.
This research focused on linguistic phenomena, utterances, and the dialectal similarities and differences used by the people of Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang in South Solok.
2 Method of Analyzing the Data Collecting data to be interpreted is called data analysis, which is the most important stage to determine the results of research.
The method of analysis used in this research is a qualitative analysis method, namely qualitative methodology in a broad sense refers to research that produces descriptive data, namely behavior and words that can be observed from individuals Taylor et al .
Data analysis is an important step in qualitative research to understand the data According to Miles and Huberman et al.
4: .
There are three activities involved in data analysis: First, data condensation refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, or transforming data that appears in the corpus of written field notes, interview transcripts, documents, and other empirical Second, data presentation, namely researcher collect information that is organized and arranged to draw conclusions and take action.
Verification, which is a process in qualitative data analysis where researcher draw conclusions from the data that has been collected and then check the truth and reliability of these conclusions.
3 Technique Collecting the Data In collection data, the researcher used three techniques: interview, taking notes, and recording.
the interview technique was carried out by directly interviewing selected informants based on specific criteria, in accordance with the purpose of the Jurnal JIPS (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholasti.
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research, which is to identify the dialectal differences between Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang.
Before conducting the interviews, the researcher established several criteria for selecting Male informants were prioritized because they are generally considered to speak more naturally and less self-consciously than females.
The informants were between 35 and 65 years old.
the informants had lived in the area for a long time and had not moved frequently, ensuring that the language they use still reflects the authenticity of the local dialect.
the notetaking technique was applied by recording oral data using a modified version of the Morris Swadesh wordlist tailored to the linguistic characteristics of Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang.
Last recording technique involved audio recording all conversations using a digital This was done to allow the data to be reviewed and analyzed in more detail outside the research site.
There were five informants: two people from Lubuk Gadang and three people from Pasir Talang.
The interviews were conducted at the informantsAo people house.
On January 30th, 2025, interviews were conducted in Nagari Pasir Talang with two male informants: Okta Fitri fiftythree-years-old, works a farmer, and fifty four year old, also a farmer.
On the same day, an interview was conducted in Lubuk Gadang with Nofrida Sattari thirty-five-years-old,work a farmer.
The final informant, interviewed on January 31st, 2025 was Yeni a fourty-six-year-old housewife.
4 Technique of Analyzing the Data Data analysis techniques are steps used to present and process data in research.
This research used qualitative descriptive data analysis technique, which was conducted through several The researcher played the audio recording and verified the words in the Swadesh vocabulary the data was classified based on the Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang dialects.
The stages was to identify the lexical similarities and differences found in the two dialects, and the third stage was to analyze the word formation that occurs in the two dialects.
Finally, the researcher draws conclusions based on the lexical comparison to provide a clear picture of the characteristics of Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang dialects in South Solok.
i RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This chapter discusses in detail the findings of research on the dialect variations used by the people of Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang.
South Solok.
This research reveals a number of similarities, differences, and changes in dialect use in both regions, reflecting the linguistic dynamics and richness of the local 1 The Lexical Similarities between Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang in South Solok English warisan warisan inhertance The table above shows the similarities between the LG and PT dialects in the South Solok region.
The words in this column indicate that the lexicon used has similar or identical forms in both dialects.
For example, the word warisan inheritance is used in the same form in LG and PT to denote inheritance.
This indicates that the concept of inheritance in both regions is expressed using similar terms.
2 The Dialect that have Changed in forms 1 Position of phoneme in the initial word The following is the analyzed data contained in the dialect of Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang:
The deletion of the phoneme /m-/ at the beginning of a word in Lubuk Gadang Dialect becomes /OI-/ in Pasir Talang Dialect.
This change can be seen in the following example and can be formulated as: /m-/ Ie /OI-/.
English 262 masam Based on the data provided, there are changes in phonemes at the beginning of words between the LG and PT dialects.
The word masam in the LG dialect begins with the phoneme /m/, while the word asam in the PT dialect begins with the phoneme /a/.
This shows that the phoneme /m/ is removed at the beginning of Pasir Talang, but the meaning of the word remains the same in English, sour.
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2 Position of phoneme at the middle of the The Deletion of the phoneme /r-/ in the middle of a word in Lubuk Gadang Dialect becomes /gh-/ in Pasir Talang Dialect.
This change can be seen in the following example and can be formulated as: /r-/ Ie /gh-/.
English Based on the data above, it shows that the word jarek in the LG dialect experiences a phoneme change in the middle position to become jaghek in the PT dialect.
This change shows that the phoneme /r/ in the word jarek is replaced by the phoneme /gh/ in the word jaghek which is pronounced through vibrations in the upper part of the throat, in contrast to the phoneme /r/ which is pronounced through the tongue.
This difference shows that the two dialects differ in the way they articulate the same phoneme.
Both words have the same meaning in English, neose.
The Deletion of the phoneme /r-/ in the middle of a word in Lubuk Gadang Dialect becomes /w-/ in Pasir Talang Dialect.
This change can be seen in the following example and can be formulated as: /r-/ Ie /w-/.
English 313 taruang tawuamg eggplant Based on the data above, the word taruang in the LG dialect changes to tawuang in the PT dialect, with the phoneme /r/ in the middle of the word being removed to become /w/ in the tawuang dialect but the meaning of the word remains the same, eggplant 3 Position of phoneme at the final of the The deletion of the /u-/ phoneme at the end of a word in Lubuk Gadang Dialect becomes /OI-/ in Pasir Talang Dialect.
This change can be seen in the following example and can be formulated as: /u-/ Ie /OI-/.
English 161 bantau Based on the data above, the word bantau in the LG dialect changes to banta in the PT dialect at the end of the word, namely the phoneme /u/ is removed from the word banta in the PT dialect to become bantau.
This shows that the phoneme /u/ at the end of the word in the LG dialect does not appear in the PT dialect.
Even though the phoneme at the end of the word is removed, the meaning of the word remains the same, pillow.
3 The Dialect that Have Different in Forms but Similar meaning English From the data above, there are lexical differences between LG and PT.
cangok lexical is found in LG, while in PT it becomes a lapegh lexical with the same English, namely greedy between the two 4 Word formation 1 Borrowing One of the most common ways words are formed in a language is through borrowing.
Interaction vocabulary exchange.
In the Lubuk Gadang dialect, many lexical differences are found to originate from loanwords.
These words are generally influenced by other languages such as Malay.
Javanese, and Indonesian.
Conversely, in the Pasir Talang dialect, most lexical variations originate from the Minangkabau language itself.
Some examples of these differences can be seen in the following table.
English 112 mangaji The data in the table above shows that borrowing words from other languages causes vocabulary differences, as shown in the table.
The word mangaji is used in the LG dialect to describe the process of reciting the Qur'an.
In Malay and Indonesian, this word comes from the Arabic word qur'An and later became part of the local However, the word used in the PT dialect is tahlilan, which comes from the Arabic word tahll.
However, its meaning is more related to religious activities such as reciting prayers and the tauhid sentence, which are usually done to remember the deceased.
This difference shows that although both dialects use words from Arabic, they use them according to their own customs and 2 Compounding Compounding occurs when two basic words .
ree morpheme.
are combined to form one word that has a new meaning.
This is shown in the table English Jurnal JIPS (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholasti.
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The table above shows the process of compounding in both dialects.
In the LG dialect, the term dindiang buluah is used, which is a combination of the words dindiang wall and buluah bamboo, so it means a wall made of In the PT dialect, the term dindiang palupuah is used, which is a combination of the words wall and palupuah.
Both refer to similar objects by combining words, but each uses words that describe their local traditions or culture.
This shows that the constituent elements between dialects can differ even though the formation method is the same.
3 Clipping The process of clipping occurs when a word has more than one syllable, making it into a shorter form, usually starting in everyday In the context of the Minangkabau dialect .
uch as Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talan.
, clipping occurs when long words or phrases are cut to make them shorter and easier to pronounce, such as:
English 599 Mandulang bame goldsmithing The data above shows clipping.
In the LG dialect, the phrase mandulang ame means mining or goldsmith.
In PT this phrase is shortened to The word bame is formed by cutting off the end of mandulang and combining it with ame.
This is an example of clipping, which shortens a word's form without changing its meaning.
This process demonstrates how people simplify language for ease of everyday communication.
4 Acronyms One way to create new words is to combine the first letters of several words to create a new English 109 polisi kantibmas police This data demonstrates the process of forming new words by taking the initial letters of several words in a phrase and combining them into a new, shorter, and more memorable word.
In the LG area, residents still use the term village police, which directly describe village level polisi desa.
This term is descriptive and has not undergone any shortening.
Meanwhile, in PT the term used is babin kantibmas, a combination of two abbreviations: Babin, meaning Village Guidance Officer, and Kamtibmas, an abbreviation of Public Security and Order.
These two rather long phrases were combined and shortened to babin kantibmas, for convenience while still conveying the same meaning: village security officers.
This example shows the use of an acronym, because a new word is formed from combining the initial letters or syllables of several words, and is then used as a single term in everyday conversation.
5 Derivation Derivation is the process of forming a new word from an existing one, usually by adding a prefix or suffix.
This process can produce a new word that remains in the same word class, for example, from one noun to another.
Some examples of the differences can be seen in the following table.
English 100 malayiuan malayighan give birth to The data in the table shows the process of derivation or derivative word formation in the two In the LG dialect, the form malayiuan is found, which comes from the root word Melayu and gets the additional suffix - an to form a noun that refers to something related to Malay ethnicity or culture.
Meanwhile, the PT dialect uses the form malayighan, which also comes from the word Malay, but undergoes a morphological process with the addition of the local suffix -ghan.
Both forms reflect the same derivation process involving the addition of affixes, but with differences in affix form that show the morphological characteristics of each dialect.
5 Research Findings The results of this research show that the Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang dialects share many similarities in vocabulary across various word classes.
Speakers from both regions can communicate easily because most of their words This similarity confirms that the two dialects are closely related and maintain ties within the Minangkabau language system.
addition to these similarities, this research also found a number of lexical differences.
These variations arise through the substitution, omission, or addition of certain sounds, and in some cases, completely different vocabulary appears even though they are used to convey the same meaning.
For example, some words in the Lubuk Gadang dialect undergo sound changes when used in the Pasir Talang dialect, while others Jurnal JIPS (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholasti.
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are completely replaced by other words.
In terms of word formation, this research demonstrates the use of various morphological processes by the people of both regions.
IV CONCLUSION
This research on The Comparison Between Lubuk Gadang and Pasir Talang Dialect in South Solok concludes that dialectal variation is deeply connected to the cultural, social, and historical context of its speakers.
The Lubuk Gadang dialect (LGD), spoken by a predominantly agrarian traditional, and formal linguistic features.
On the other hand, the Pasir Talang dialect (PTD), which develops within a trading community with frequent interaction with outsiders, shows a more flexible, adaptive, and open character.
These social differences directly influence the way each dialect evolves, shaping not only vocabulary choices but also patterns of pronunciation and word formation, thereby illustrating the strong connection between language and society.
From a phonemic and lexical perspective, the study shows that the two dialects share a strong kinship, yet they are distinguished by systematic variations.
Phoneme changes, such as deletion, replacement, or modification in initial, medial, or final positions of words, create differences in sound structure while maintaining Lexically, there are large similarities between the two dialects, but also notable differences where certain words either take on different forms with the same meaning or use completely distinct vocabulary to express the same concept.
These findings highlight that while both dialects remain closely related within the Minangkabau language system, they also demonstrate the creative adaptation of language to local experiences and external influences.
In terms of morphology, the research identifies a variety of word formation processes across both dialects, including borrowing.
These processes reveal how language is shaped by both internal development and external contact.
Borrowing shows cultural and linguistic interaction with other languages, compounding illustrates creativity in combining local concepts, while clipping and acronyms reflect the tendency toward simplification in everyday speech.
Derivation, through the use of different affixes, demonstrates how each dialect adapts its grammatical structure to generate new Altogether, these phonemic, lexical, and morphological variations confirm that dialectal diversity is not a sign of division but a reflection of cultural richness.
Thus, the study not only contributes to the field of dialectology and morphology but also plays an essential role in documenting and preserving the linguistic and cultural heritage of the Minangkabau people in South Solok.
Jurnal JIPS (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholasti.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.
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Mac Aditiawarman, *2Sri Wahyuningsih Jurnal JIPS (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholasti.
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9 No.
ISSN : 2579-5449
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