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Alpha Wave Activity on Think Hard and Dhikr Condition Using Electroencephalographic (EEG) Indah Rifdah Huwaidah1*.
Kholidah1, and Heni Sumarti2 1Department of Chemistry.
Faculty of Science and Technology.
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.
Indonesia 2Department of Physics.
Faculty of Science and Technology.
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.
Indonesia
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Submitted : June 29th, 2023 Revised : December 16th, 2023 Accepted : June 9th, 2024 Emotions are very important in thinking, making decisions, and a person's This research was conducted to know the activity of alpha waves using an electroencephalographic (EEG) instrument, using an experimental method given the treatment of thinking hard and dhikr of istighfar.
The brain waves analyzed in this study are alpha waves with a frequency between 8-12 Hz.
The analysis shows that the alpha wave mean result is 11.
89 Hz when thinking hard, and the mean result is 10.
89 Hz during dhikr.
The statistical test results show a significance of p = 000323 .
< 0.
, showing that dhikr can volunteer from a state of hard thinking to a relaxed state.
The istighfar dhikr .
staghfirullah hal adzi.
by the volunteer is a response to ask for forgiveness and reassure the heart.
Keywords:
Alpha waves.
EEG.
Dhikr.
Happy emotions.
Relax
COPYRIGHT (C) 2024 PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL
Introduction One of the most essential organs in humans is the brain, which regulates all the activities of the body's organs and daily activities and plays a role in determining emotions (Dewi et al.
, 2.
The brain is a small organ stored in the skull, which is the center of the nervous system and functions as the control center for coordinating all biological, physical, and social activities of the entire body (Amin, 2.
The human brain will receive messages and information according to the frequency of brain waves (Saminan.
According to Fatma .
, the brain constantly generates electrical impulses.
These electric currents, better known as brain waves, are amplitude and frequency (Sunardi, 2.
Brain waves and emotions are interconnected, and a person's emotions are described or generated by the amygdala zone of the *Correspondence email: indah.
rifdahh@gmail.
doi: 10.
21580/perj.
The function of the amygdala is to stimulate a feeling that is happening to a person (Anadea, 2021.
Gilang et al.
, 2.
Emotions are reactions to conditions that occur in the body (Anadea, 2.
They play a vital role in one's thinking, decision-making, and personality (Gilang et al.
, 2.
Emotions can be grouped into six groups: happiness, anger, fear, surprise, sadness, and disgust (Parkinson, 2.
Happiness is a psychological state that includes pride, relaxation, self-satisfaction, and joy (Parkinson, 2.
Many people experience emotions of anger with conditions of stress, emotionality, hatred, and even rude and hostile behavior (Parkinson, 2.
When faced with a life-threatening situation, fearful emotions arise from individuals, so there are changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and cold sweat (Nordin & Alias, 2.
Emotions of surprise are an Phy.
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unexpected stimulus in the living environment that prompts a temporary response to stop it.
Emotions of sadness can be defined as a psychological reaction to failure and negative moods such as depression, self-pity, loneliness, depression, hopelessness, and unreasonably severe melancholy (Domynguez-Jimynez et al.
, 2.
Lastly, disgust is an emotion when exposed to unpleasant sensations in the surroundings (Nordin & Alias, 2.
The human brain produces five main types of waves, which are classified according to their frequency:
delta waves .
Ae 3 H.
, theta waves .
Ae 7 H.
, alpha waves .
Ae 12 H.
, and beta waves .
Ae 38 H.
(Khakim, 2021.
Sofiani, 2.
All brain waves are generated through the synchronized electrical vibrations of the mass of neurons communicating with each other (Alivian, 2.
Alpha waves occur when a person is in the relaxation phase or begins to rest, signaling that the eyes close or become sleepy (Galang et al.
, 2020.
Sofiani, 2.
Alpha waves appear during the transition period between conscious and unconscious (Galang et al.
Alpha waves are controllers that connect the conscious and subconscious minds so that humans can remember dreams (Galang et al.
, 2.
Alpha waves are also active in times of relaxation and Alpha waves strongly associate the brain wave with the best learning and thinking conditions (Li et al.
, 2.
Brain waves were measured with the electroencephalograph (EEG), invented in 1929 by a German psychiatrist.
Hans Berger (Fadilah, 2.
An electroencephalograph (EEG) is a method used to record electrical activity in the brain on the scalp (Pamungkas, 2.
EEG measures voltage fluctuations generated in brain neurons in the presence of electronic signals (Pribadi, 2.
It can typically capture electrical activity in milliseconds.
EEG measurements are relatively inexpensive and flexible compared to other brain imaging methods, thus enabling a more comprehensive practical application in the brain-computer interface (BCI) (Khakim, 2.
EEG signal is a recording of the brain's electronic signals over a certain period originating from a device called the Brain Computer Interface (BCI) (Siuly et , 2.
This tool will produce a wave-shaped recording that can be used to diagnose a disease in the clinical field or to study the function of the brain itself in the field of research (Deu, 2.
This device records the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in An electrical amplifier must produce a strong signal on the computer.
(Deu, 2.
Previous research conducted by Annisah .
with the treatment of listening to mural Al-Qur'an surah Al Insyiqaq showed that alpha brain wave activity after treatment had a higher average than brain EEG alpha wave activity after treatment.
Other researchers.
Ramli et al.
, regarding the concentration of memorizing the Qur'an, found that the alpha signal was slightly more dominant because when memorizing, the participants were asked to close their eyes, which affected the psychological condition of the participants who felt relaxed when memorizing.
Other researchers by Radyaputra .
with the KNearest Neighbor method, which is a method for classifying objects based on learning data from training data that is closest to the object by calculating the Euclidian Distance, found that a person's concentration when listening to music and smoking results in an alpha signal accuracy level of 78% and smoking with an accuracy rate of Based on the research that has been done, no one has discussed the effect of remembering Allah SWT with istighfar dhikr as a response to decreasing anxiety for people who think hard.
In this study, a comparative analysis of alpha was carried out in people who dhikr istighfar against thinking challenging conditions using EEG medical instrumentation.
Methods This research was conducted using experimental methods at the Modern Physics Laboratory.
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, from March to May 2022.
Nine students participated in the The volunteers were asked to think about everyday problems for 60 seconds, take a short break for 60 seconds, and then silently recite dhikr for 60 This study used the Contec KT 88 EEG device with 16 channels.
This study uses an alpha brain wave variable with an 8-12 Hz frequency.
The analytical method used in this study was a paired t-test.
Before the paired t-test, the data were tested using the normality test to determine their distribution.
If the data is normally distributed, then the paired t-test can be performed.
If the data is not normally distributed, it will be transformed first to be normally distributed before being tested using the paired t-test.
The normality test aims to test whether, in the regression model, the dependent variable, the independent variable, or both have a normal distribution or not.
A good regression model has https://ejournal.
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normally distributed values (Suardi, 2.
If the value significance .
> 0.
05, then the data is declared customarily distributed.
if the value significance .
< 05, then the data is declared not customarily distributed (Widana & Muliani, 2.
The paired t-test tests the hypothesis where one individual .
bject of researc.
gets two treatments (Montolalu, 2.
The significance .
< 0.
indicates that there is a significant difference between the initial variable .
hinking har.
and the final variable .
This significantly influences the differences in treatment given to each variable.
> 0.
05 indicates that there is no significant difference between the initial variable .
hinking har.
and the final variable .
This shows no significant influence on the actions given to each variable (Mulyaningsih & Palangngan, 2.
Result and Discussions Figure 1 shows the results of recording EEG waves from one of the volunteers while thinking hard and doing dhikr.
Figure 1 Alpha Waves in the Treatment of .
Thinking Hard and .
Dhikr Alpha Waves in 9 Research Volunteers No.
Alpha Waves (H.
Thinking Hard Dhikr Table 1 presents the results of alpha Waves in 9 volunteers in this study in conditions of thinking hard and dhikr.
The EEG results show the presence of alpha waves with the emergence of a wave frequency of 10 Hz to 12 Hz.
Alpha waves are taken from the average of three alpha waves per second.
The alpha waves in the EEG results are averaged because the alpha signal appears clearly at a particular second.
The alpha waves that appeared in 9 volunteers in a deep thinking condition showed the same results in the 12 Hz range, while in the dhikr condition, the alpha waves decreased in the 11 Hz range.
The results of the normality test are in Table 2.
Table 2 Normality Test Data Analysis One Sample KolmogorovSmirnov Test Number of data (N) Mean Significane (P) .
Figure 1 shows the activity of alpha waves when thinking hard with a frequency of 12 Hz and while dhikr appearing waves with a frequency of 11 Hz.
The waves that appear are calculated based on peaks or troughs per second.
Alpha waves are associated with states of relaxation.
Alpha waves are generated by human brain activity (Mahendra et al.
, 2.
Thinking Hard 89 Hz Dhikr 89 Hz The data obtained from the normality test is the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with a mean result of 89 Hz in the thinking hard treatment and 10.
89 Hz in the dhikr treatment.
The analysis results have shown that there is beta wave activity, characterized by a wave frequency of 11 Ae 13 Hz when volunteers think hard, and when doing dhikr, an alpha wave appears with a frequency of 10 Ae 12 Hz.
Normality test results in thinking hard treatment got p value = and dhikr p The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results obtained a value > 05, which means the data is normally distributed (Widana, 2.
Table 3.
Paired T-Test Data Analysis Paired Samples Test Significance (P) Thinking Hard-Dhikr Table 1 https://ejournal.
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The data obtained from the paired t-test is in Table 3.
In the paired t-test statistical test, the value of p = 000323 means the paired t-test in this study obtained a significance value .
< 0.
This result shows a significant effect of dhikr, so volunteers from a state of hard thinking become relaxed.
The results were significant because the thinking-hard treatment group had been given an intervention called dhikr.
Comparison of alpha waves after the intervention showed significant results between the thinking hard group and the dhikr group, with the test results showing p = 0.
< 0.
, showing that dhikr can volunteer from a state of hard thinking become a relaxed state.
Dhikr can reduce the alpha wave activity of the human brain, which is characterized by a state of pleasure and a decrease in anxiety.
Alpha waves indicate a person's condition is relaxed, calm, and happy.
in this case, dhikr provides calm (Iskandar, 2.
When endorphins are produced, the amygdala stimulates the activity and control of autonomic nerves, including sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves (Riyadh et al.
, 2.
In this study, the voluntary hypothalamus is stimulated so that endorphins appear, which function as sedatives.
The proof in the Shari'a is istighfar in the Qur'an, which reads:
Acknowledgments aIaEaaOae e aA eNaaIacNaaEIa acOA Meaning: "So glorify by praising your Lord and asking forgiveness of him.
Verily, he is the recipient of repentance.
" (Surat an-Nasr: .
Reading istighfar means that a servant has admitted his mistakes, intentionally or not.
Humans often forget and are too busy with the world to forget that we also have obligations as servants.
The dhikr of istighfar has the virtue of calming the heart, as conveyed by the scholar Ibn Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyah, who said: "Whoever always istighfar.
Allah will provide a solution to all his difficulties, and a way out of every difficulty and sustenance from a direction that is not in the conjectureAy (Mahmudah, 2.
In this study, volunteers understood the meaning of the phrase dhikr istighfar .
staghfirullah hal adzi.
, which was uttered as a sign of asking for forgiveness and peace of mind.
Zikrullah relates to human feelings towards the amygdala (Samsudin et al.
, 2.
Zikrullah will also produce harmonious brain waves because the mental signal is stable (Iskandar, 2.
This study shows that istighfar dhikr can reduce alpha wave activity in people who think hard.
This shows that the dhikr of istighfar can give peace to people who think hard.
Conclusions The results of the analysis show that there is alpha wave activity when thinking hard with a frequency of 11 Ae 13 Hz with a mean result of 11.
89 Hz, and during dhikr, an alpha wave appears with a frequency of 10 Ae 12 Hz with a mean result of 10.
89 Hz.
Thank you to the Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang physics lab for facilitating data collection.
References