ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
JUNE 2025, pp.
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in Mohamad Kashuria,1*.
Taruna Ikrara,2.
Gunawan Indrayantob,3 The Indonesian Food and Drug Authority.
Jl.
Percetakan Negara No 23.
Jakarta Pusat.
Indonesia, 10560 VMA Consultant.
Surabaya 60117.
Indonesia kashuri@pom.
id*, 2taruna.
ikrar@pom.
id, 3gunawanindrayanto@yahoo.
*corresponding author
ARTICLE
INFO
Article history Received:
May 13, 2025 Revised:
September 1.
Accepted:
September 8.
DOI:
https://doi.
org/10.
54384/eruditio.
i2/235 ABSTRACT This study offers a comprehensive analysis of cosmetic product regulation in Indonesia from 2021 to 2024, examining enforcement trends, patterns of regulatory non-compliance, and the evolving oversight role of the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM).
Data were obtained from BPOMAos annual inspection and enforcement reports and analyzed descriptively to identify changes in regulatory compliance over time.
The results reveal that the majority of violations originated from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME.
, accounting for 1Ae2% of total cases, while larger industries reported slightly higher rates .
7Ae6.
9%).
significant 165% surge in products without distribution permits was recorded from 2021 to 2022, followed by substantial reductions in 2023 .
%) and 2024 .
%).
Adherence to Good Cosmetic Manufacturing Practices (GCMP) showed a consistent improvement from 2022 onwards.
Violations involving labeling, advertising, and product claims also declined, though more than 1,500 cases are still reported annually.
Public education campaigns have played a crucial role in enhancing consumer awareness and minimizing exposure to unsafe products.
Enforcement data further demonstrate a reduction in formal sanctions and warnings, reflecting BPOMAos strategic pivot toward a more preventive and facilitative regulatory approach.
Looking ahead.
BPOM needs to strengthen industry compliance by expanding its technical assistance initiatives through both direct consultations and digital platforms, supporting a more risk-based and innovation-friendly regulatory environment.
Penelitian ini memberikan analisis komprehensif mengenai regulasi produk kosmetik di Indonesia pada periode 2021Ae2024, dengan menelaah tren penegakan hukum, pola ketidakpatuhan regulasi, serta peran pengawasan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) yang terus berkembang.
Data diperoleh dari laporan tahunan inspeksi dan penindakan BPOM, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan kepatuhan regulasi dari waktu ke waktu.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pelanggaran berasal dari Usaha Mikro.
Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), dengan kontribusi sebesar 1Ae2% dari total kasus, sementara industri besar menunjukkan tingkat pelanggaran sedikit lebih tinggi .
,7Ae6,9%).
Peningkatan signifikan sebesar 165% dalam jumlah produk tanpa izin edar tercatat dari 2021 ke 2022, diikuti penurunan substansial pada 2023 .
%) dan 2024 .
%).
Kepatuhan terhadap Cara Pembuatan Kosmetika yang Baik (CPKB) menunjukkan peningkatan konsisten sejak 2022.
Pelanggaran terkait penandaan, iklan, dan klaim produk juga menurun, meskipun lebih dari 500 kasus masih dilaporkan setiap tahunnya.
Kampanye edukasi publik memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesadaran konsumen dan meminimalkan paparan terhadap produk berisiko.
Data penegakan juga menunjukkan penurunan jumlah sanksi formal dan peringatan, mencerminkan Mohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
JUNE 2025, pp.
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
pergeseran strategi BPOM menuju pendekatan regulasi yang lebih preventif dan Pada masa mendatang, direkomendasikan agar BPOM memperluas inisiatif bantuan teknis melalui konsultasi langsung dan pemanfaatan platform digital sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan industri serta membangun sistem regulasi yang berbasis risiko dan mendukung inovasi.
Keywords: Cosmetics, compliant, cosmetic non-compliant, supervision regulations Kata Kunci: Kosmetik, kepatuhan, ketidakpatuhan kosmetik, regulasi pengawasan Introduction Cosmetics are defined as substances or preparations intended to be applied to the external parts of the human body, including the skin, hair, nails, lips, external genital organs, teeth, and oral mucosa with the purpose of cleaning, perfuming, changing appearance, correcting body odors, or protecting and maintaining these areas in good condition (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2.
However, regulatory definitions and categorizations of cosmetics vary considerably across jurisdictions, creating inconsistencies in international supervision and enforcement mechanisms (Su et al.
, 2.
Such divergence poses challenges for global harmonization, particularly in ensuring consumer safety and enabling effective cross-border regulatory coordination.
Globally, the cosmetics industry has witnessed robust growth.
According to the Indonesian French Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IFCCI), the Indonesian cosmetics market was projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.
5% from 2021 to 2027, making it the fastest-growing market in Asia and positioning it among the top five global markets within the next 5Ae10 years (EIBN, 2.
In 2023, the industryAos revenue reached USD 8.
09 billion and was projected to increase to USD 9.
17 billion in 2024 (Mileneo, 2.
This expansion has been driven by consumer demand, digital marketing penetration, and regulatory reforms, such as the streamlined cosmetic notification process introduced by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM).
As of 2024, over 90,000 new cosmetic distribution permits had been issued, reflecting both regulatory facilitation and market responsiveness (Kashuri, 2024.
However, the rapid market expansion has also brought significant regulatory challenges.
BPOM reported that illegal cosmetics accounted for 144 out of 335 regulatory violations, representing 43% of all food and drug violations in Indonesia (Marchelin, 2.
These violations include the use of hazardous ingredients, mislabeling, and the distribution of unregistered products.
BPOMAos publicly accessible database (Direktorat Standardisasi Obat Tradisional, 2.
identifies 947 cosmetic products containing banned substances and highlights 16 products that, although registered as cosmetics, were marketed and used as Underlying these violations are various systemic and behavioral factors.
Yunianto and Anggoro .
identified several causes of illegal cosmetic marketing, including limited consumer awareness, the difficulty of verifying legality, opportunistic behavior by sellers, and weak marketplace surveillance.
Wijanarko and Anggoro .
further revealed that compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) imposes substantial operational costs, particularly in building maintenance, sanitation, and quality control, which may discourage small manufacturers from full adherence.
Similarly.
Othman et al.
observed that prohibited substances are still prevalent in Malaysian cosmetics, leading to Mohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 Mohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025
ERUDITIO
Vol.
No.
JUNE2807-6222
2025, pp.
P-ISSN:
| E-ISSN:
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
adverse consumer outcomes and highlighting the need for strict legal enforcement against Globally, other regulatory authorities have also faced similar issues.
For instance.
Teixera et al.
documented safety issues in Brazil based on retrospective analyses from 2006 to 2018, while Ribet et al.
emphasized the importance of cosmetovigilance in improving dermo-cosmetic product safety.
Mercader-Garcya et al.
identified allergic reactions associated with phenylethyl resorcinol in Spain, and Vieira et al.
reported the recall of non-compliant products in Portugal due to health risks.
Pratiwi et al.
reviewed analytical techniques to detect restricted substances in cosmetics under FDA and EU law.
Meanwhile.
Barthe et al.
presented advances in alternative testing models to assess genotoxicity and skin irritation without animal testing.
In the context of emerging technologies.
Yustina et al.
, 2.
emphasized the need for nano-analysis instruments to monitor nano-cosmetic safety in Indonesia.
Despite extensive efforts by BPOM to safeguard public health, including controlling harmful substances and monitoring dangerous foods (Najemi et al.
, 2019.
Indradewi & Muliati, 2022.
Sutriyono et al.
, 2.
, challenges remain.
These include limitations in human resources and technology, as well as low public awareness regarding the importance of purchasing safe and authorized cosmetics (Kashuri, 2024.
Regionally.
Indonesia aligns its cosmetic regulation with the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive (ACD), which aims to harmonize safety and technical standards across Southeast Asia.
The ACD adopted in 2003 and implemented in 2008 includes eight technical documents covering product definitions, labeling.
GMP, safety assessment, and limits of contaminants (Health Sciences Authority (HSA), 2002.
Oindrila Ghosal, 2.
At the international level, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) of the EU has published the 12th revision of its safety evaluation guidance (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of European Union, 2.
Morel et al.
, .
compared regulatory regimes across 17 countries, including ASEAN members, revealing diverse approaches to ingredient restrictions and product approval.
Similarly.
Ferreira et al.
analyzed regulatory variations between the EU.
US.
Canada.
Japan.
China, and Brazil, providing a comparative perspective for policy development.
Table 1 summarizes IndonesiaAos regulatory structure based on these international and national standards.
In addition to aligning with international frameworks.
Indonesia requires halal certification for all cosmetic products by October 17, 2026, as mandated by Law No.
33 of 2014.
Article 33 (LPPOM MUI, 2.
A comprehensive overview of the registration process is available in Investinasia (Mulya, 2.
This study aims to analyze trends in BPOMAos cosmetic surveillance activities between 2021 and 2024, with a focus on the typology, frequency, and implications of regulatory It also evaluates the contributing factors behind non-compliance and the effectiveness of existing regulatory responses.
By offering empirical insights into industry behavior and policy implementation, the findings are expected to support evidence-based decision-making among regulators, industry stakeholders, and consumers.
Methods This research employed a quantitative, descriptive-analytical methodology to examine trends in the supervision of cosmetic products in Indonesia between 2021 and 2024.
retrospective study design was applied, drawing upon primary data extracted from the Mohamad Kashuri.
Ikrar.
GunawanIndrayanto Indrayanto Mohamad Kashuri.
TarunaTaruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
JUNE 2025, pp.
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
official post-marketing surveillance reports published annually by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (Hess, 2.
These surveillance reports provided comprehensive and systematic documentation, encompassing metrics such as the number of registered and unregistered cosmetic products, inspection results of manufacturing facilities, identified cases of non-compliant products, violations concerning advertising, labelling, and marketing claims, as well as regulatory enforcement measures implemented during the observation Table 1.
Summary of the Regulation for Cosmetics in Indonesia.
Name of the Regulation Number of the Regulation Brief description Supervision of Cosmetics Production and Distribution Peraturan BPOM No 12, 2023 (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2023.
Amendment to the BPOM Regulation Number 23 Year 2019 Concerning Technical Requirements for Cosmetic Ingredients Peraturan BPOM No 17, 2022 (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2022.
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Certification for Cosmetics Peraturan BPOM No 33, 2021 (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2.
Amendment to the BPOM Regulation Number 27 Year 2022 Concerning Supervision of the Importation of Drugs and Food into Indonesian Territory Technical Requirements for Cosmetics Labeling Peraturan BPOM No 28, 2023 (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2023.
Labeling.
Promotion, and Advertising of Cosmetics Peraturan BPOM No 18, 2024 (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2.
This regulation outlines the general provisions, procedures for supervision, administrative sanctions, and closing provisions to ensure that cosmetics production and distribution comply with safety, quality, and environmental sustainability standards.
This Regulation No.
17, 2022, is an amendment to Regulation No.
23, 2019.
updates the technical requirements for cosmetic ingredients to align with advancements in science and technology, ensuring the safety, quality, and efficacy of cosmetic products This Regulation sets forth the requirements for certifying good manufacturing practices in the cosmetics industry.
Adhering to specific standards and guidelines aims to ensure that cosmetic products are produced safely, effectively, and consistently.
This Regulation is an amendment to BPOM Regulation No.
27, 2022.
It updates the regulations concerning the supervision of the importation of drugs and food into Indonesian territory to ensure compliance with legal and safety standards This regulation specifies the necessary information that must be included on cosmetic product labels to ensure they are clear, accurate, and not misleading for It aims to protect consumer health and provide transparency about cosmetic products.
This regulation replaces several previous Regulations and aims to ensure that cosmetic products are labeled accurately, promoted responsibly, and advertised truthfully to protect consumer rights and Cosmetics Production Permit Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
No.
1175/MENKES/PER/Vi/2010 of 2010 (Kementerian Kesehatan.
Peraturan BPOM No 30, 2020 (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2.
This regulation outlines the requirements and procedures for obtaining a production permit for cosmetics in Indonesia.
Mohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 Mohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025
ERUDITIO
Vol.
No.
JUNE2807-6222
2025, pp.
P-ISSN:
| E-ISSN:
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
Table 1.
(Continue.
Name of the Regulation Number of the Regulation Technical Requirements for Cosmetics Peraturan BPOM No 19, 2015 (Badan Pengawas Obat Makanan, 2.
Cosmetics Notification Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
No.
1176/MENKES/PER/Vi/2010 of (Kementerian Kesehatan.
Technical Requirements for Cosmetic Claims Peraturan BPOM No 3, 2022 (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan.
Brief description This regulation aims to ensure that claims made about cosmetic products are accurate, not misleading, and supported by scientific evidence to protect consumer rights and This regulation outlines the standards for safety, quality, labeling, and claims of cosmetic products to ensure they meet regulatory requirements and protect consumer health.
This regulation outlines the requirements for notifying the Ministry of Health about cosmetic products before they are marketed.
The aim is to ensure that all cosmetics meet safety, quality, and efficacy standards to protect consumer health.
Results and Discussion Table 2 provides a summary of the laboratory testing results for samples of commercial cosmetics collected in Indonesia between 2021 and September 2024.
The ratio of noncompliant to compliant products was relatively low, ranging from approximately 1% to 2%.
Most non-compliant products originated from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME.
In contrast, large-scale industries accounted for only 2.
7% and 6.
9% of the noncompliant cosmetics in 2022 and 2021, respectively.
These findings underscore the importance of enhancing BPOMAos technical assistance programs to support SMEs.
Imported non-compliant cosmetics rose from 8.
4% in 2021 to 18.
0% in 2024, potentially due to an increase in the importation of cosmetics without an Import Certificate (Table 3, violation indicator number .
Skincare products represented the largest category of non-compliant cosmetics, ranging from 72.
7% in 2024 to 84.
5% in 2021.
The list of hazardous substances found in cosmetics marketed in Indonesia is published in the database of the Direktorat Standardisasi Obat Tradisional BPOM (Direktorat Standardisasi Obat Tradisional, 2.
Developing more advanced analytical methods to detect hazardous ingredients in cosmetics is essential to improve the effectiveness of regulatory oversight, particularly considering the increasing number of imported products.
Although analytical technologies have significantly improved, the complex composition of cosmetic matrices and the presence of various trace-level unauthorized additives continue to pose challenges.
Therefore, the application of suitable pre-treatment techniques becomes crucial.
Du et al.
offer a comprehensive overview of the development of pre-treatment techniques tailored to different cosmetic types, including emulsified, liquid, powdered, and wax-based matrices.
Table 2.
BPOM Surveillance Results from Laboratory Testing Criteria Years 22,591 25,502 24,941 17,688 Laboratory Testing:
Compliant Non-compliant Mohamad Kashuri.
Ikrar.
GunawanIndrayanto Indrayanto Mohamad Kashuri.
TarunaTaruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision in Indonesia in 2021-2024 Analysis of Trends inCases Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
JUNE 2025, pp.
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
Table 2.
(Continue.
Criteria Years Non-Compliance Category :
Containing PRCb, d Containing PATc, d Large scale SMEse Importers Skincare Decorative Non-compliant Cosmetic Producer.
Type of non-compliant Note: aData from January to September 2024, bCosmetics contain prohibited or restricted pharmaceutical/chemical compound.
, cCosmetics contain permitted substance.
with a concentration above the threshold limit, d The list of permitted and prohibited compounds and their concentrations are described by BPOM Regulation No 17, 2022 (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2022.
, e SMEs: Small and MediumSized Enterprises.
Table 3 outlines routine inspection activities conducted in factories, distribution centers, and retail outlets, covering document review, field observation, and stakeholder interviews.
Seven violation categories were identified.
Products deemed non-compliant during these inspections were subject to sampling and laboratory testing.
However, the actual number of non-compliant cosmetics found through lab testing far exceeds those flagged through routine inspections .
efer to Table 2, violation category 2.
Table 3, violation category .
This poses a significant concern for consumers who are exposed to potentially harmful products.
highlights the urgency to increase sampling rates in the market.
Approximately 1Ae2% of cosmetics currently available may contain harmful substances that could adversely affect health (Table 2, violation indicator number .
Table 3 .
iolation indicator number .
shows that the production and distribution of cosmetics without a distribution permit rose by 165% from 2021 to 2022, followed by declines to 85% in 2023 and 32% in 2024.
Additionally, the production of cosmetics not adhering to GMP standards declined substantially in 2023 and 2024 .
iolation indicator number .
The surge in imported cosmetics without Import Certificates from 2022 to 2024 .
iolation indicator number .
, driven by e-commerce expansion and illegal trade, reflects the need for BPOM to strengthen digital-based supervision mechanisms.
Big data analytics and artificial intelligence have great potential in the early detection of illegal cosmetic products on digital platforms.
Kalia et al.
demonstrated that social influences have a significant impact on consumer behavior during online shopping.
Mohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 Mohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025
ERUDITIO
Vol.
No.
JUNE 2807-6222
2025, pp.
P-ISSN:
| E-ISSN:
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
Table 3.
Summary of the Violations Committed Observed in Factories.
Distributors, and Stores Years 1,448 1,230 No.
Violation Criteria Producing/ distributing cosmetics without a distribution permit Producing/ distributing cosmetics containing pharmaceutical/prohibited Producing cosmetics that do not comply with the GMP Importing cosmetics without an Import Certificate Labeling Violations 6,413 3,792 2,599 Violations of Advertising and Claim Practices 5,575 6,165 4,497 Injectable products registered as cosmetics Regulation Violated - Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.
1175/MENKES/PER/Vi/2010 2010 on Cosmetic Production Permit.
(Kementerian Kesehatan, 2010.
- BPOM Regulation No.
12 of 2023 on Supervision Cosmetics Production and Distribution (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2023.
BPOM Regulation No.
17 of 2022 on Amendments to BPOM Regulation No.
23 of 2019 on Technical Requirements for Cosmetic Ingredients (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2022.
BPOM Regulation No.
33 of 2021 on Certification Good Cosmetic Manufacturing Practices (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2.
BPOM Regulation No.
28 of 2023 on Amendments to BPOM Regulation No.
27 of 2022 on the Oversight of Drug and Food Importation into the Territory of Indonesia (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2023.
1,712 - BPOM Regulation No.
30 of 2020 on Technical Requirements of Cosmetics Label (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2.
- BPOM Regulation No.
18 of 2024 on Labelling.
Promotion, and Advertising of Cosmetics (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2.
1,782 - BPOM Regulation No.
18 of 2024 on Labelling.
Promotion, and Advertising of Cosmetics (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2.
- BPOM Regulation No.
3 of 2022 on Technical Requirements for Cosmetic Claims (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2022.
- BPOM Regulation No.
19 of 2015 on Technical Requirements for Cosmetics (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, - Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1176/MENKES/PER/Vi/2010 2010 on Cosmetic Notification (Kementerian Kesehatan, 2010.
- BPOM Regulation No.
21 of 2022 on Procedures for Submitting Cosmetic Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto MohamadMohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 AnalysisSupervision of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
JUNE 2025, pp.
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
No.
Violation Criteria Years Regulation Violated Notifications (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 2022.
Table 3 .
iolation indicators 5 and .
also shows a decline in violations related to labeling, claims, and advertising between 2021 and 2024.
However, the total number of such cases remained relatively high, exceeding 1,500 annually.
This indicates the importance of public education campaigns to raise awareness of the risks of unsafe cosmetics.
Nayak et al.
emphasized the necessity of understanding the potential health risks associated with cosmetics and using them appropriately to reduce adverse effects.
Establishing a cosmetovigilance system could help minimize these events.
Table 4.
Enforcement Actions of the BPOM Regulatory Violations No.
Violation Criteria and Sanction Producing/ distributing cosmetics without a distribution permit:
Temporary suspension of activities Written Warning/ Recall Order/ Destruction Notification suspension Producing/ distributing cosmetics containing pharmaceutical/ prohibited compounds:
Temporary suspension of activities Revoke the distribution permit Written Warning/ Recall Order/ Destruction Closure of notification access Closure of import certificate access Producing cosmetics that do not comply with the GMP:
Temporary suspension of activities Written Warning Importing cosmetics without an Import Certificate:
Written warning Destruction order Closure of electronic public services access Closure of import access Labeling Violations:
Technical guidance Written warning Revoke the distribution permit Violations of advertising and claim practices:
Technical guidance Written warning Revoke the distribution permit Injectable products registered as cosmetics:
Revoke the distribution permit Temporary suspension of activities Notification suspension Import certificate access suspension Years 1,448 1,230 5,936 3,438 2,238 1,359 3,260 2,315 4,079 2,086 3,769 1,083 Mohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 Mohamad Kashuri.
Taruna Ikrar.
Gunawan Indrayanto Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025
ERUDITIO
Vol.
No.
JUNE2807-6222
2025, pp.
P-ISSN:
| E-ISSN:
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
Note: NA (Not Availabl.
indicates that no violations were found during the respective sampling and inspection activities.
In 2023 and beyond.
BPOM identified injectable products that were incorrectly categorized as cosmetics .
iolation indicator number .
These findings suggest that every possible method is being used to distribute cosmetics, including deceptive practices.
It is therefore critical that BPOM enhances its market monitoring efforts, especially for cosmetics distributed online.
Table 4 summarizes enforcement actions undertaken by BPOM from 2021 to 2024 in response to the violations outlined in Table 3, seventh column.
A single violation may lead to multiple sanctions.
For example, in 2024, 459 violations involving the unauthorized production or distribution of cosmetics resulted in 459 written warnings and three temporary operational suspensions .
iolation indicator number .
The total number of written warnings, recall orders, and destruction notices increased from 2021 to 2022 but declined from 2022 to 2024 for violation number 1.
Written warnings for violation indicators 5 and 6 also saw a decreasing trend from 2021 to 2024.
Meanwhile, the number of revoked distribution permits and recall/destruction orders for violation indicator number 2 significantly increased in 2024.
For violation indicator 3 .
, no distribution permits were revoked, although a small number were revoked for violations related to advertising and product claims .
iolation indicator number .
As shown in Tables 3 and 4, some years or categories display the notation AuNA,Ay which signifies that no violations were identified during the inspection or sampling period.
This may reflect full compliance or a limited scope of surveillance during that time.
Although the number of injectable products falsely registered as cosmetics remains small, it demonstrates attempts to circumvent the classification of medical products.
This further underscores the need for clear definitions between medical and cosmetic categories, along with stricter cross-sectoral supervision.
All injectable products registered as cosmetics were eventually revoked .
iolation indicator number .
A review of BPOMAos enforcement data from 2021 to 2024 reveals a downward trend in technical guidance sanctions and written warnings, suggesting a regulatory shift toward a more supportive and proactive approach.
Going forward.
BPOM is expected to expand its technical assistance initiatives through direct consultations and interactive digital platforms such as webinars.
The declining trend in certain violation types may reflect improved enforcement effectiveness (Tables 2Ae.
Nevertheless, fluctuation in specific categories signals persistent challenges in cosmetic product oversight.
Globally, regulators continue to face difficulties in controlling new cosmetic ingredients, calling for flexible yet robust risk-based Collaborative approaches with customs and other agencies can strengthen prevention efforts against the entry of illegal substances into Indonesia.
According to Su et al.
, regulations must remain adaptive to market dynamics by incorporating modern supervision technologies, fostering innovation, and prioritizing scientific research.
Risk-based regulatory models implemented in developed countries (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of European Union, 2.
provide valuable frameworks that Indonesia can adopt to enhance its oversight of cosmetics.
In line with this, (Kashuri, 2024.
offers concrete steps to safeguard domestic cosmetic products from being overwhelmed by imported alternatives, thereby promoting the growth of local industries.
Mohamad Kashuri.
GunawanIndrayanto Indrayanto Mohamad Kashuri.
TarunaTaruna Ikrar,Ikrar.
Gunawan Analysis of Trends in Cosmetics Supervision in Indonesia in 2021-2024 Analysis of Trends inCases Cosmetics Supervision Cases in Indonesia in 2021-2024 ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
JUNE 2025, pp.
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
ERUDITIO Vol.
No.
Juni 2025
P-ISSN: 2580-7722 | E-ISSN: 2807-6222
Conclusions This study reveals that the most prominent regulatory violations in IndonesiaAos cosmetic sector between 2021 and 2024 were related to unauthorized distribution, non-compliance with ingredient restrictions, deviations from Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), misleading claims, and improper labeling practices.
The findings underscore that despite regulatory modernization and intensified enforcement by BPOM, including risk-based surveillance strategies, significant compliance gaps persist, particularly in online distribution channels and imported products.
Factors contributing to these violations include limited industry awareness, challenges in GMP implementation, and regulatory loopholes in ingredient control and advertising claims.
The analysis emphasizes the importance of enhancing digital monitoring systems, strengthening cross-border collaboration under the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive, and improving public education to foster a culture of Insights from this study provide empirical support for risk-based and preventive regulatory approaches, offering valuable input for national policy formulation and future regional harmonization efforts.
References