JUATIKA
JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA
VOL.
6 NO.
1 January 2024 DOI :https://doi.
org/10.
36378/juatika.
eissn 2656-1727 pissn 2684-785X Hal : 101 Ae 115 Application of Rice Washing Water and Organic NPK To Increase Caisim Mustard Plant (Brassica juncea L) Growth and Production Nursamsul Kustiawan*.
Maizar.
Salmita Salman.
Riswandi Universitas Islam Riau Jalan Kaharuddin Nasution No.
Pekanbaru.
Riau.
*Email : nursamsul@agr.
ABSTRACT
The demand for vegetables in Riau Province remains high, but the current production is As a result, vegetables are sourced from other regions, such as West Sumatra and North Sumatra.
To address this issue, there is a need to increase vegetable production.
The study aimed to investigate the impact of concentrated rice washing water and organic NPK application on the growth and production of caisim mustard greens (Brassica juncea L).
The study utilized a completely randomized factorial design with two factors.
The first factor was rice washing water, which had four treatment levels: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%.
The second factor was organic NPK, which had four treatment levels: no organic NPK, 1.
5 g/plant, 3.
g/plant, and 4.
5 g/plant.
The parameters observed included the number of leaves, wet weight, economic weight, dry weight, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate.
The study's results indicated that the interaction between rice washing water and organic NPK significantly affected all observed parameters.
The best treatment was applying 75% rice washing water 5 g organic NPK per plant.
The main effect of rice washing water application was also significant on all observed parameters, with the best treatment being 75% rice washing water.
Similarly, the main impact of organic NPK was significant on all observed parameters, with the best treatment being 4.
5 g per plant.
Keywords: Rice washing water.
Organic NPK.
Growth.
Production.
Mustard Greens.
Copyright A 2024.
The authors.
This is an open access article under the CC BY license .
ttps://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Kustiawan et.
INTRODUCTION
Caisim, scientifically known as Brassica juncea L.
, is a vegetable plant with immense promise and opportunities in terms of its commercial, climatological, technical, economic, and social aspects.
This makes Caisim a highly viable option for cultivation in Indonesia.
Caisim is a crucial ingredient in dishes such as Lodeh soup.
Capcay, boiled noodles, etc.
The mustard plant production data for the past five years is as follows: In the production was 1.
986 tons.
the total output was 1.
339 tons.
the production amounted to 1.
In 2021.
there was an increase in Furthermore, in 2022.
there was another increase, with the output reaching 2.
These figures are provided by the Badan Pusat Statistik Riau .
Despite the consistent increase in production over the years, the demand for mustard greens has not been fully As a result, the region has to rely on external sources, such as West Sumatra, to fulfill the demand.
Therefore, it is necessary to increase production further to meet the growing need for mustard In Riau, numerous challenges are encountered in the cultivation of plants due to the prevalence of nutrient-deficient agricultural land.
Consequently, special measures are necessary to ensure optimal plant growth and maximum Fermentation is a viable approach that enhances soil fertility and promotes healthy plant development and high One effective method to improve soil fertility involves reducing inorganic fertilizers and incorporating organic fertilizers into the soil.
The Murdaningsih et al.
highlights the potential of rice-washing water as an organic material for plant growth.
This Juatika Vol.
6 No.
readily available waste product serves as a convenient resource and contains many essential nutrients that are beneficial for According to Himayana et al.
, rice washing water can be effectively utilized as a liquid fertilizer to fulfill the nutrient requirements of plants.
Furthermore, the analysis conducted by Wulandari et al.
reveals the nutrient composition of white rice washing water, which includes nitrogen (N) at 015%, phosphorus (P) at 16.
potassium (K) at 0.
02%, calcium (C.
at 944%, magnesium (M.
sulfur (S) at 0.
027%, iron (F.
at 0427%, and vitamin B1 (B.
These findings emphasize the potential of rice washing water as a valuable nutrient supplement for optimizing plant growth and development.
According to a study conducted by Dewi et al.
, it has been found that the waste water obtained from rice washing can enhance the growth of green mustard plants.
The research concentrations of rice washing water, specifically at 1.
and 30 DAP, can positively impact these plants' growth.
Notably, when green mustard plants were provided with rice washing water at a concentration of 100% and a volume of 200 ml per polybag, there was a significant increase in the number of leaves, stem height, and wet weight of the mustard greens.
This concentration and volume combination resulted in the most favorable growth outcomes for green mustard plants.
For plants to grow and develop well, they need nutrients, including N.
P, and K, and one fertilizer containing these elements is Organic NPK.
The results of research that has carried out the application of organic NPK at a dose of 5 g/plant, equivalent to 750 kg/ha, show that it is the best treatment for the growth Kustiawan et.
and production of Caisim mustard In contrast, the research results of Panjaitan E.
show that the treatment dose of organic NPK fertilizer has a very significant effect on variable plant height, number of leaves, wet weight per plant, dry weight, and root volume of mustard greens with the best dose of 500 kg/ha.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Faculty of Agriculture.
Riau Islamic University's experimental garden served as the location for this research, which spanned three months from August to October 2023.
The study utilized materials such as Caisim var tosakan mustard seeds, rice washing water.
Organic NPK, polybags, wood, nails, zinc plates, paint, raffia, and other relevant items.
Additionally, a range of tools, including hoes.
Gembor, measuring tape, scissors, hand sprayer, camera, digital scales, drums, buckets, scoops, measuring cups, and writing instruments, were employed throughout the research This study employed a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors.
The first factor, rice washing water (A), consisted of four levels: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%.
The second factor.
Organic NPK (N), had four treatment levels: 0.
g/plant.
As a result, 16 treatment combinations were repeated thrice, totaling 48 experimental units.
Each Juatika Vol.
6 No.
replication comprised eight plants, with six plants used as samples.
The research process involved land preparation, including weed and rubbish removal, and leveling the land with a hoe for easier polybag arrangement.
The polybags were then filled with 3 kg of mineral topsoil and placed in each experimental unit at a distance of 20x30 cm.
The Caisim seeds seedling process is conducted ten days before planting using rock wool media.
After the seedlings have reached 10 days old, they are transplanted from the nursery to individual polybags, with one seed planted in each polybag.
Rice washing water is applied four times, specifically during planting, at 7.
21 days after planting.
Each application consists of 200 ml per plant, with different Organic NPK is applied during planting, with varying doses of 0 g/plant, 1.
5 g/plant, 3.
0 g/plant, and 4.
g/plant.
The Organic NPK is immersed in the soil 10 cm away from the base of the Plant watering, weeding, and pest and disease Several observed, including the number of leaves, wet weight, economic weight, dry weight, net assimilation rate, and relative growth The data obtained from these observations are analyzed statistically.
the F-count is higher than the F-table value, the Honest Significant Difference Test (BNJ) is conducted at a significance level of 5%.
Kustiawan et.
Juatika Vol.
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Research
Implementataion
Field Preparation Filling Polybag
Seedling Planting Treatment
Maintenance Rice
Washing Water
Organic
NPK
Observation Harvest Finish Figure 1.
Research Implementation Diagram
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
significant on the number of leaves of 1 Number of leaves Caisim mustard plants.
The average The variance analysis showed that results of observations of the number of the interaction and the main effect of rice leaves of Caisim mustard plants can be washing water and organic NPK were seen in Table 1.
Table 1.
Average number of leaves of Caisim mustard plants .
treated with rice washing water and Organic NPK.
Rice Organic NPK .
Mean water (%) 33 A 1.
00 A 0.
50 fg 6.
50 A 0.
50 efg 7.
17A0.
28 c-f 17 A 0.
28 fg 6.
33A0.
28 efg 7.
00A0.
50 c-f 33A0.
28 bcd 6.
83A0.
28 d-g 8.
50A0.
50 bc 9.
83A0.
28 ab 10.
17A0.
50A0.
50 efg 7.
33A0.
28 c-f 7.
83A 0.
50A0.
28 ab Mean CV = 6.
Tukey L&G = 0.
Tukey LG = 1.
Numbers in rows and columns followed by the same lower case letter show no significant difference according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
Table 1 shows that the highest average number of leaves of Caisim mustard plants was obtained in the treatment of 75% rice washing water Kustiawan et.
5 g Organic NPK, namely 10.
17 pieces.
The higher the dose of rice washing water and Organic NPK given, the higher the average number of mustard plant leaves The standard deviation value indicates the variation of individual data towards the average value.
The small standard deviation values in this table .
28 to 1.
indicate that the observation data for the number of leaves is close to the average value.
The combination of rice washing water and Organic NPK significantly affected the number of leaves, where the best treatment was 75% rice washing water and 4.
5 g Organic NPK/plant with an average number of leaves of 10.
pieces, which was not significantly different from the combination of rice washing water treatment.
75% and organic NPK 3.
5 g/plant with an average number of leaves of 9.
83 pieces and a combination of 100% rice washing water and organic NPK 4.
5 g/plant with an average number of 9.
50 pieces.
The treatment that produced the lowest average number of leaves was 25% rice washing water without giving organic NPK, with an average number of leaves of 5.
33 pieces.
The research findings indicate that rice-washing water possesses immense potential to enhance plant growth.
utilizing rice washing water, not only does it provides the necessary hydration for Caisim mustard greens, but it also supplies essential nutrients to the plants.
According to the analysis conducted by Wulandari et al.
, white rice washing water contains N 0.
K 0.
Ca 2.
Mg 14.
S 0.
Fe 0.
042%, and B1 tires Furthermore.
Bahar's .
study shows that rice washing water spinach plants' height, leaf count, fresh weight, and dry weight.
Similarly, the research findings indicate that rice Juatika Vol.
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washing water can augment the number of leaves in Caisim mustard plants.
Organic NPK fertilizer functions in providing macro and micro nutrients in a balanced manner and with a high alkaline pH .
so that it can increase the decomposition process of soil organic matter, improve soil conditions, increase the availability of nutrients, and the population of good organisms for the soil that can be in obligate symbiosis with plant roots so that they can increase the absorption range of plant roots for nutrients and water.
Organic NPK fertilizer is a type of organic fertilizer that can supply the nutrients N.
P, and K effectively and efficiently in the soil so that the decomposition of the elements occurs more effectively and efficiently.
Apart from that, it can also improve the chemical and biological properties of the soil so that the availability of soil nutrients increases, which can have a maximum influence on increasing plant growth and production yields Rohmah et al.
, .
This can also be seen from the research results where the provision of Organic NPK can increase the number of leaves produced by Caisim mustard plants.
The combination of treatment with 100% rice washing water and no organic NPK reduced the number of leaves produced, and it is suspected that the administration of 100% rice washing water had exceeded the dose.
This is in line with the opinion of Nasir and Jasmi .
, who state that plants need sufficient nutrients.
If the dose given is excessive or low, it will cause the photosynthesis process not to be optimal, and photosynthesis will decrease.
Agustina .
stated that if too much nutrition is given to plants, plant growth will be disrupted, or the plant will be poisoned.
If the dose given is low, it will not affect the plant.
Kustiawan et.
Juatika Vol.
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2 Plant Wet Weight weight of Caisim mustard greens.
The The analysis of variance showed average results of observations of the wet that both the interaction and the main weight of Caisim mustard plants after influence of rice washing water and further BNJ testing at the 5% level can be Organic NPK were significant on the fresh seen in Table 2.
Table 2.
Average wet weight of plants .
treated with rice washing water and Organic NPK.
Rice Mean Organic NPK .
(%) 19A4.
12A5.
77A7.
90A4.
12 def 121.
53A4.
41 hi 134.
03A6.
47 fgh 149.
58A3.
12 cde 156.
50A3.
01 bc 141.
61A3.
15 cde 157.
15A4.
52 bc 167.
52A4.
95 ab 172.
41A3.
70 a 161.
85A3.
73 efg 148.
57A2.
65 cde 154.
65A3.
85 bcd 164.
92A1.
53 ab 152.
Mean CV = 3.
Tukey A&N = 4.
Tukey AN = 13.
Numbers in rows and columns followed by the same lower case letter show no significant difference according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
Table 2 shows the highest average wet weight of Caisim mustard plants obtained in the treatment of 75% rice washing water 4.
5 g Organic NPK, 41 g.
The higher the dosage of rice washing water and Organic NPK, the higher the average wet weight of the The standard deviation value ranges from 3.
01 to 7.
this indicates that the variation in plant wet weight observation data is not far from the average value.
The combination of rice washing water and organic NPK significantly affected the wet weight of Caisim mustard greens, where the best treatment was 75% rice washing water combined with 5 g organic NPK/plant with an average wet weight of 172.
41 g, not significantly different from the treatment 75% rice washing water combined with 3.
organic NPK/plant with an average wet weight of 167.
52 g and 100% rice washing water combined with 4.
organic NPK/plant with an average wet weight of 164.
92 g .
The lowest wet weight of Caisim mustard greens was produced by a combination of 25% rice washing water treatment and without organic NPK with an average wet weight 19 g.
The better-wet weight of Caisim combination of 75% rice washing water 5 g Organic NPK per plant shows a sound effect from both treatments, where the application of rice washing water can accelerate the decomposition of organic Soil so that the soil becomes more fertile and plant roots can absorb nutrients optimally.
The Organic NPK applied has been able to supply the nutrients that plants need for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
By fulfilling these nutrients, plant growth will optimally produce more leaves.
Rice washing water has the potential to be used as fertilizer for plants, especially Caisim mustard plants, where from research that has been carried out, the application of rice washing water can increase plant growth in a better direction so that it can produce maximum plant fresh weight.
Fadilah et al.
state that watering fermented rice washing water for 15 days with a concentration of 100% increases plant height, number of leaves.
Kustiawan et.
leaf area, fresh weight of plants, and dry weight of green mustard plants.
Reducing the concentration of rice washing water reduces the wet weight of Caisim mustard plants, and it is suspected that in this treatment, the plants lack nutrients, which affects the photosynthesis process.
the number of leaves produced is less, affecting the wet Suwardani et al.
explained that applying liquid organic fertilizer from Veras washing water at a low dose cannot supply sufficient macronutrients so plant growth will be slow.
Lingga and Marsono .
also emphasized that N.
P, and K are macronutrients generally needed by plants, providing a better nutrient balance for plant growth and production.
Suhastyo and Raditya .
state nitrogen is the main nutrient plants need to grow and form vegetative organs such as stems, leaves, and roots.
The research results show that the application of Organic NPK 4.
5 g/plant .
kg/h.
is a treatment that produces a heavier wet weight in Caisim mustard This shows that this treatment is right for the N.
P, and K nutrients.
The organic NPK contained has been able to Juatika Vol.
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meet the plant's needs.
Then, by reducing the dose of organic NPK, there has been a decrease in the wet weight of Caisim mustard greens.
It is suspected that the Organic NPK doses of 3.
0 and 1.
5 g/plant were not fully able to meet the nutrients needed by the plants, thus affecting growth and affecting wet weight.
The results of Panjaitan's research .
showed that organic NPK fertilizer dosage treatment had a very significant effect on the variables of plant height, number of leaves, wet weight per plant, dry weight, and root volume of mustard greens with the best dose, namely 500 kg/ha, while the results of Trisnawan's research, ( 2.
giving organic NPK to lettuce plants had a real influence on all observed parameters.
3 Economical Weight The results of observations of the economic weight of Caisim mustard plants show that both the interaction and the main influence of rice washing water and Organic NPK are significant on the economic weight.
The average wet weight observation results after further BNJ testing at the 5% level can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3.
Average economic weight .
of Caisim mustard plants treated with rice washing water and Organic NPK.
Rice Organic NPK .
Mean water (%) 53A5.
12A3.
28 gh 115.
43A6.
57A5.
40 de 109.
53A3.
03A6.
47 ef 136.
58A3.
12 cd 144.
50A2.
04 bc 128.
94A2.
97 cde 146.
15A3.
55 bc 154.
52A4.
95 ab 160.
41A4.
44 a 149.
85A3.
73 de 136.
23A1.
80 cd 143.
98A1.
61 bc 151.
92A1.
53 ab 140.
Mean CV = 3.
BNJ A&N = 4.
BNJ AN = 12.
Numbers in rows and columns followed by the same lower case letter show no significant difference according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
Table 3 shows that the highest average economic weight of Caisim mustard plants was obtained in the treatment of 75% rice washing water 5 g Organic NPK, 160.
41 g.
The higher the dose of rice washing water and Kustiawan et.
Organic NPK given, the higher the average economic weight of the plants The standard deviation value in this table is small .
53 to 6.
, which shows that the variation in economic weight observation data is close to the average value.
Based on the data in Table 3.
that the combination of rice washing water and organic NPK significantly affects the economic weight of Caisim mustard greens, where the best treatment is produced by a combination of 75% rice washing water and organic NPK 4.
g/plant, with the average economic weight 41 g.
These results were not combination of 75% rice washing water 5 g organic NPK/plant, with an average economic weight of 154.
52 g, and the combination of 100% rice washing water and 4.
5 g organic NPK/plant.
with an average economic weight of 151.
92 g and was significantly different from other treatments.
Then, the combination of 25% rice washing water treatment and no organic NPK treatment resulted in the lowest economic weight of Caisim mustard greens, namely 90.
53 g.
The combined effect of rice washing water and Organic NPK shows that these two treatments can positively influence the better growth of Caisim mustard Apart from containing nutrients, rice washing water also contains many microorganisms so that it can increase soil fertility through more the rapid decomposition of organic matter in the soil so that the roots of mustard plants will more easily absorb the nutrients, then combined with Organic NPK, it can supply the nutrients N.
P, and K which Caisim mustard plants need.
The research results by Wulandari et .
showed that the nutrient content in rice-washing water stimulated the growth of roots, stems, and leaves so that the wet weight value of the mustard greens produced was greater than Juatika Vol.
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Furthermore.
Wardiah et al.
, .
showed that waste water from rice washing had a real influence on the vegetative growth of mustard greens.
This effect has been visible since 10 days after with the same volume of rice washing water in each treatment, mustard greens can absorb maximum nutrients, thus providing optimal growth.
Lingga and Marsono .
also emphasized that N.
P, and K are macronutrients generally needed by plants, providing a better nutrient balance for plant growth and production.
Masblack fertilizer is an organic NPK fertilizer containing macro nutrients (N.
MgO) and HA (Humic Aci.
necessary for plant growth.
Applying the Masblack organic fertilizer will increase the activity of microorganisms in the soil, such as bacteria and fungi, then decompose the fertilizer granules into nutrients ready to be absorbed by plant roots (Rohmah et , 2.
The use of Organic NPK, apart from contributing nutrients, can also improve the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties.
The soil becomes loose, and the roots penetrate more easily, so root growth will be better, positively impacting plant growth.
The next advantage is that adding organic material will improve the biological properties of the soil.
Organic matter adds the energy needed for the life of soil Purnami .
states that plants require optimal amounts of nutrients to support plant growth.
Providing sufficient nutrients will increase plants' genetic potential, such as the shape, size, and weight of the organs 4 Dry Weight.
The observations of the dry weight of Caisim mustard plants showed that both the interaction and the main influence of rice washing water and organic NPK were Kustiawan et.
Juatika Vol.
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significant on dry weight.
The average dry BNJ testing at the 5% level can be seen weight observation results after further in Table 4.
Table 4.
Average dry weight .
of Caisim mustard plants treated with rice washing water and Organic NPK.
Rice Organic NPK .
Mean
(%)
02A0.
17A0.
24A0.
26 hi 59A0.
31 efg 25A0.
90A0.
22 gh 19A0.
26 fgh 9.
59A0.
45 de 26A0.
19 def 10.
21A0.
51 bcd 11.
04A0.
25 ab 11.
67A0.
13A0.
10 gh 8.
86A0.
45 efg 95A0.
50 cd 10.
99A0.
68 abc 9.
Mean CV = 4.
Tukey A&N = 0.
Tukey AN = 1.
Numbers in rows and columns followed by the same lower case letter show no significant difference according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
Table 4 shows the highest average dry weight of Caisim mustard plants obtained in the treatment of 75% rice washing water 4.
5 g Organic NPK, 67 g.
The higher the dose of rice washing water and Organic NPK, the greater the average dry weight of the Standard deviation values between 10 and 0.
68 indicate variations in dry weight observation data are not far from the average value.
The combination of rice washing water and organic NPK was significant for dry weight, where the best treatment was 75% rice washing water and organic NPK 5 g/plant, with an average dry weight of 67 g, not significantly different from the washing water treatment.
75% rice and 5 g organic NPK/plant with an average dry weight of 11.
04 g and 100% rice washing water and 4.
5 g organic NPK/plant with an average dry weight of 99 g are significantly different with other treatments.
The combination of 25% rice washing water treatment and no organic NPK treatment resulted in the lowest dry weight of Caisim mustard greens, with an average dry weight of 02 g.
The research results showed that the concentration of rice washing water combined with organic NPK had a good influence on the growth of Caisim mustard plants.
through the application of rice washing water it was able to increase soil fertility through improving physical, chemical and biological properties.
Then, this treatment is also coupled with the provision of organic NPK so that it can supply the N.
P, and K nutrients needed by the plants so that by fulfilling the required nutrients, it will support the photosynthesis process to run well, which in the end will produce more plants.
produces assimilate material, where part of the assimilate will be used for energy in the growth process, and part will be stored in plant organs reflected in the dry The ability of plants to accumulate organic matter accumulates in plants .
, resulting in weight gain.
The formation of plant biomass includes all photosynthesis and uptake of nutrients and water processed in the biosynthesis The growth process leads to the accumulation of dry weight of the plant, and this process will occur if sufficient assimilation results are available.
Results of analysis of General Soil Laboratory Tests and Food Ingredient Analysis UGM .
in Dewi et al.
the content of rice washing water Kustiawan et.
Juatika Vol.
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Organic NPK have been able to supply potassium, nutrients according to what the Caisim magnesium, sulfur, iron, and Vitamin B1.
mustard plants need.
The effect of the application of rice Leaf development and sunlight washing water on the dry weight of intensity are two factors that affect the dry Caisim mustard plants is that the rice weight of plants.
Plants with wider leaves washing water contains enough nutrients can absorb sunlight more efficiently, so that the nutrients needed by the plants increasing photosynthesis and higher can be adequately fulfilled.
The research production.
According to Simanullang results of Ratnadi et al.
stated that .
, they can carry out photosynthesis waste rice washing water can increase effectively.
the growth of lettuce plant roots in In a study conducted by Iqbal different types and water levels of rice .
, it was found that the application of Rice washing water also organic NPK 4.
5 g/plant significantly increases water henna plants' growth and impacted the dry weight of pakcoy plants.
dry weight.
Furthermore, the results of Similarly, the combination of rice washing research by Wijiyanti et al.
showed water and organic NPK 4.
5 g/plant that the application of rice-washing water resulted in the highest dry weight of fertilizer without incubation had a Caisim mustard plants, as observed in the significant effect on the number of leaves, research findings.
leaf area, wet weight and dry weight of green mustard greens.
5 Net Assimilation Rate/LAB Agustina et al.
, .
stated that The observations of the net the elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and assimilation rate of Caisim mustard plants potassium are very important for plants, show that both the interaction and the including parts related to generative main influence of rice washing water and development which causes metabolism in organic NPK are significant on the value the plant body to be better.
This can be of the net assimilation rate of Caisim seen from the research results through mustard greens.
The average results of the correct application of Organic NPK, observing the net assimilation rate after which has increased plant growth.
The the BNJ further test at the 5% level can elements N.
P, and K contained in be seen in Table 5.
Table 5.
Average net assimilation rate .
g/cm2/da.
of Caisim mustard plants treated with rice washing water and organic NPK Rice Organic NPK .
/plan.
Mean
DAT
water (%) 008A0.
011A0.
014A0.
00 def 015A0.
001 cde 0.
011A0.
001 g 0.
012A0.
015A0.
001 cde 0.
017A0.
001 bc 015A0.
001 cde 0.
017A0.
001 bc 0.
017A0.
00 bc 020A0.
012A0.
00 fg 013A0.
00 efg 0.
016A0.
001 bcd 0.
018A0.
001 ab Mean CV = 5.
Tukey A&N = 0.
001 Tukey AN = 0.
014A0.
019A0.
023A0.
027A0.
001 cd 0.
019A0.
024A0.
00 de 027A0.
001 cd 0.
029A0.
001 bc 0.
025A0.
00 de 029A0.
00 bc 032A0.
00 ab 034A0.
023A0.
027A0.
029A0.
00 bc 031A0.
001 ab 0.
Mean CV = 4.
Tukey A&N = 0.
001 Tukey AN = 0.
Numbers in rows and columns followed by the same lower case letter show no significant difference according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
Kustiawan et.
Table 5 shows that the highest average net assimilation rate of Caisim mustard plants at 21-28 HST was obtained in the treatment of 75% rice washing water 4.
5 g Organic NPK, 034 mg/cm2/day.
The higher the dosage of rice washing water and Organic NPK, the greater the average net assimilation rate.
The table's standard deviation value of 0.
001 shows that the variation in the observation data is very close to the average value.
The combination of rice washing water and organic NPK significantly affected the net assimilation rate (LAB), where the best treatment at the age of 1421 days after was found in a combination of 75% rice washing water and 4.
organic NPK/plant with an average of 020 mg/plant.
cm2/day, not significantly different from the combination of 100% rice washing water and organic NPK 4.
g/plant, with an average of 0.
mg/cm2/day.
The lowest net assimilation rate of Caisim plants was found in the combination of 25% rice water washing and without organic NPK, 0.
mg/cm2/day.
At the age of 21-28 DAT the best treatment was a combination of 75% rice washing water and 4.
5 g organic NPK/plant with an average of 0.
mg/cm2/day, not significantly different from the 75% rice washing water and NPK treatment.
Organic 3.
5 g/plant with an average of 0.
032 mg/cm2/day and 100% rice washing water treatment and organic NPK 4.
5 g/plant with an average 032 mg/cm2/day and the lowest net assimilation rate of Caisim plants produced in a combination of 25% rice water washing water and without organic NPK with an average value of 0.
mg/cm2/day.
The net assimilation rate results from assimilation per unit leaf area and time.
From table 5 it can be seen that the net The development of the leaves on the plant characterizes plant growth.
If the leaves Juatika Vol.
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develop optimally, they will produce much energy to support plant growth.
Leaf area influences the plant's net assimilation rate and relative growth rate.
The wider the leaves of a plant, the greater the net Buntoro, et al.
stated that young leaves can absorb the most light, have a high photosynthesis rate, and translocate most photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.
Meanwhile, in the lower leaves, the rate of photosynthesis is slower because the upper leaves shade The Permanasari & Sulistyaningsih .
state that during the initial generative phase, the growing leaves are still relatively small and do not cover each other's lower leaves and almost all the leaves are still actively carrying out the photosynthesis process and have a big influence on the plant's net assimilation Meanwhile, most of the leaves that have entered the final generative phase or are approaching harvest have covered each other's lower leaves and are not active in photosynthesis, thus reducing the value of the net assimilation rate.
The results of the research on the net assimilation rate of Caisim mustard greens in a combination of 75% rice washing water and organic NPK 4.
g/plant at 21-28 DAT observations increased, this is because Caisim plants at that age were still in the vegetative phase so that the photosynthesis process in the leaves was still running optimally.
line with the opinion of Gardner et al.
in Mahmudi et al.
, .
that the net assimilation rate of a plant is not constant over time and decreases with increasing plant growth phase.
6 Relative growth rate /LPR The results of observing the relative growth rate of Caisim mustard plants show that both the interaction and the main influence of rice washing water and Organic NPK are significant on the close growth rate of Caisim mustard greens.
The average results of observations of relative growth rates after the BNJ further Kustiawan et.
Juatika Vol.
6 No.
test at the 5% level can be seen in Table 6.
Table 6.
Average relative growth rate .
/da.
of Caisim mustard plants treated with rice washing water and Organic NPK.
Rice
DAT
water (%) Organic NPK .
/plan.
Mean 08A0.
12A0.
00 hi 14A0.
00 gh 17A0.
11A0.
15A0.
00 fg 17A0.
00 def 19A0.
01 bcd 16A0.
00 efg 19A0.
20A0.
00 ab 14A0.
00 gh 16A0.
18A cde Mean CV = 4.
Tukey A&N = 0.
007 Tukey AN = 0.
12A0.
16A0.
18A0.
00 gh 16A0.
19A0.
00 fgh 22A0.
00 def 20A0.
00 efg 22A0.
00 def 26A0.
00 ab 17A0.
01 gh 20A0.
00 efg 24A0.
00 bcd 22A0.
21A0.
00 abc 22A0.
01 def 23A0.
01 cde 29A0.
27A0.
00 abc Mean CV = 4.
Tukey A&N = 0.
Tukey AN = 0.
Numbers in rows and columns followed by the same lower case letter show no significant difference according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
Table 6 shows the highest average relative growth rate of Caisim mustard plants at 21-28 HST obtained in the treatment of 75% rice washing water 5 g Organic NPK, 0.
29 g/day.
The higher the dose of rice washing water and Organic NPK given, the greater the relative average growth rate.
The standard deviation value ranges from 00 to 0.
this indicates that the variation in observational data is not far from the average value.
The combination of rice washing water and organic NPK significantly affected the relative growth rate (LPR), where the best treatment at the age of 1421 dap was found in the treatment of 75% rice washing water and organic NPK 4.
g/plant with an average of 0.
22 g/day is not significantly different from the treatment of 75% rice washing water and 5 g organic NPK/plant with an average 20 g/day and the treatment of 100% rice washing water and organic NPK 4.
g/plant with an average -average 0.
g/day and significantly different from other The treatment with the lowest average was 25% rice washing water without organic NPK with an average value of 0.
08 g/day.
The relative growth rate at 28-35 days after the best treatment was found in the 75% rice washing water treatment and organic NPK 4.
5 g/plant with an average of 0.
g/day, not significantly different from the 75% rice washing water Organic NPK 3.
5 g/plant with an average of 0.
26 g/day and 100% rice washing water treatment and organic NPK 4.
5 g/plant with an average of 0.
g/day and significantly different from the treatment other.
The treatment with the lowest average was 25% rice washing water treatment without giving organic NPK with an average value of 0.
12 g/day.
The relative growth rate measures a plant's ability to increase its biomass within a specific timeframe, close to its dry weight.
Plant growth is primarily enlargement, which necessitates a significant amount of nutrients.
During the vegetative phase, plants require nitrogen fertilizer to enhance the rate of This photosynthetic activity leads to higher photosynthate production, increasing the plant's dry weight.
As Sarif et al.
stated, a higher dry weight signifies a more efficient photosynthesis process, leading to improved productivity and faster development of tissue cells, ultimately resulting in better plant growth.
Zivcak et al.
and Bayat et .
have also documented that a decrease in the photosynthesis status of Kustiawan et.
plants can lead to a reduction in photoassimilation and the flow of soluble sugars to the stem.
On the other hand.
Rahmah et al.
have found that an increase in plant biomass indicates the relative growth rate during different growth This increase in biomass is attributed to the plant's ability to absorb more water and nutrients, which in turn particularly roots.
Consequently, the enhanced nutrient and water absorption leads to an increase in photosynthetic activity and ultimately influences the wet weight and dry weight of the plant.
The research findings indicate that by utilizing rice washing water at an appropriate concentration and combining it with Organic NPK, it has been feasible to achieve improved growth of Caisim mustard greens.
Furthermore, this approach has resulted in higher relative plant growth rate values when compared to alternative treatment combinations.
CONCLUSION
The combination of rice washing water
Organic
NPK
influenced all observed parameters.
The most effective treatment involved using 75% rice washing water and 5 g of Organic NPK per The application of rice-washing water significantly impacted all observed parameters, with the best treatment being the use of 75% rice-washing The application of Organic NPK significantly affected all observed parameters, and the most effective treatment involved applying 4.
5 g of Organic NPK per plant.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The research conducted in the UIR Internal Research Program in 2023 has Juatika Vol.
6 No.
been made possible with the generous support of the Chancellor of Riau Islamic University, facilitated by the Directorate of Research and Community Service.
extend our heartfelt gratitude to them for their invaluable contribution.
REFERENCE