International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol.
No.
February 2019, pp.
ISSN: 2088-8708.
DOI: 10.
11591/ijece.
High gain 5G MIMO antenna for mobile base station Yusnita Rahayu1.
Indah Permata Sari2.
Dara Incam Ramadhan3.
Razali Ngah4 1,2,3Faculty of Engineering.
Department of Electrical Engineering.
Universitas Riau.
Indonesia 4Wireless Communication Centre.
Faculty of Electrical Engineering.
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Malaysia
Article Info
ABSTRACT
Article history:
This article presented a millimeter wave antenna which operated at 38 GHz for 5G mobile base station.
The MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Outpu.
antenna consisted of 1x10 linear array configurations.
The proposed antennaAos size was 88 x 98 mm and printed on 1.
575 mm-thick Rogers Duroid 5880 subsrate with dielectric constant of A =2.
2 and loss tangent .
The antenna array covered along the azimuth plane to provide the coverage to the users in omnidirection.
The simulated results showed that the single element antenna had the reflection coefficient (S.
of -59 dB, less than -10 dB in the frequency range of 35.
6 GHz.
More than 1 GHz of impedance bandwidth was obtained.
The gain of the antenna linear array was 17.
8 dBi while the suppression of the side lobes was -2.
7 dB.
It showed a high array gain throughout the impedance bandwidth with overall of VSWR were below 1.
It designed using CST microwave studio.
Received Dec 20, 2017 Revised Aug 16, 2018 Accepted Aug 31, 2018 Keywords:
Antenna array Base station High gain MIMO sntenna Copyright A 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Yusnita Rahayu.
Department of Electrical Engineering.
Universitas Riau.
Pekanbaru.
Indonesia.
Email: yusnita.
rahayu@lecturer.
INTRODUCTION
The fifth generation .
G) mobile technology has been introduced and expected to be deployed in year 2020 .
In order to meet the fast growing wireless data capacity demands due to increasing users of smartphones, high growth in web and streaming, 5G technology now are highly given attention and undergo a huge research .
The 5G technology comes to solve problems and needs to improve network efficiency and capacity, improved data rates with better coverage at lower power consumption.
Future 5G wireless systems have to satisfy three main requirements: .
having a high throughput.
simultaneously serving many users.
having less energy consumption .
In the 5G era, lots of things such as electronic devices, vehicles and the equipment in the offices and homes will be wirelessly connected through the Internet.
Users will be able to access ultra-high-definition (UHD) multimedia streaming and services such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) .
Untill now 5G standards are not available for us.
However, some researches have started to put the base or the technology that will provide these standards.
This technology mostly consists of wireless access systems, frequency utilization, power consumption, antenna and propagation .
The demand for higher quality and data rate was growing fast in the past few years.
One of the most promising solutions to this problem is Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system.
The MIMO technology made a great breakthrough by satisfying the demand of higher quality mobile communication services without using any additional radio resources and it has a significant ability to increase data throughput without additional bandwidth or transmit power .
ransmitter powe.
One type of antenna that can be used to increase the channel capacity of MIMO is a microstrip antenna .
The microstrip antenna has many benefits such as low cost, low profile, ease fabrication, and compact .
Journal homepage: http://iaescore.
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php/IJECE Int J Elec & Comp Eng
ISSN: 2088-8708
Massive MIMO technology and millimeter wave .
m Wav.
communication has been considered as a key technology for the fifth generation wireless communication .
Mm-wave generally corresponds to 30-300 GHz frequency bands, but sometimes 10-30 GHz frequency bands are also included as they share some similar propagation characteristic .
Some of the candidate bands or 5G communications in the frequency of 20-50 GHz are specified in Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The candidate bands for the future 5G system in 20-50 GHz .
For mm-wave applications, problems to be concerned are the higher transmission loss and link stability, which could be overcome by increasing the gain and adopting the adaptive directional beam .
Massive MIMO base station is a promising technique for improving the capacity and service quality by accurately concentrating the transmitted energy to the mobile users .
Massive MIMO or large antenna array system has the capability of greatly improving spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and system robustness .
In a typical massive MIMO system, single antenna mobile stations (MS.
communicate with a base station (BS) equipped with a large number of antennas .
The combination of mmWave and massive MIMO has the potential to dramatically improve wireless access and throughput performance such system benefit from large available signal bandwidth and small antenna form factor.
the system also have advantages in terms of compact dimensions, energy efficiency, flexibility, and adaptivity that would make them ideally suited for 5G communication system .
In this paper, we proposed a high gain linear array 1x10 MIMO antenna which is used in 5G mobile base station operating at 38 GHz.
The antenna has broad bandwidth with nearly omni directional The gain reached more than 17 dBi.
This gain is relative high for omnidirectional pattern and broadband antenna.
RESEARCH METHOD
In this section, four .
linear array configurations antennas, single element.
1x6 elements.
and 1x10 elements will be described.
First, single element antenna is designed to meet the desired requirement such as frequency .
GH.
and return loss.
Then, this single element is used to form the MIMO configurations, 1x6 elements, 1x8 elements and 1x10 elements.
Single element antenna The substrate selection is the first step in the designing of patch antenna.
This paper uses RT Duroid 5880 as a substrate of the proposed antenna.
The substrate parameters are summarized in Table 1.
The geometry of single element antenna is shown in Figure 2 and the dimensions are summarized in Table 2.
Table 1.
RT Duroid 5880 Parameters Parameters Dielectric constant (A.
Substrate thickness .
Loss tangent () Value 575 mm Table 2.
Single Element Antenna Parameters Parameters Wp1 Lp1 Wp2 Lp2 Wp3 Lp3 Lp4 Value .
High gain 5G MIMO antenna for mobile base station (Yusnita Rahay.
A ISSN: 2088-8708 .
Figure 2.
The geometry of single element antenna design, .
3D view, .
top layer
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Single element The significant importance in antenna design is the reflection coefficient (S.
that defines the bandwidth and the impedance matching characteristic.
The simulated result of the return loss for single element antenna is depicted in Figure 3.
The simulated results show that the single element antenna has the reflection coefficient (S.
of -59 dB, less than -10 dB in the frequency range of 35.
6 GHz.
More than 4.
1 GHz of impedance bandwidth is obtained.
Another imperative parameter beside the reflection coefficient and input impedance, that reflects the antenna performance, is the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Rati.
, the antenna only can be able to operate at frequencies where the values of VSWR are inferior to 2 .
From Figure 4, we can see that the VSWR value is less than 2.
The 2D and 3D simulated radiation pattern of the antenna design are presented in Figure 5.
The radiation pattern of single element antenna provides gain of 7.
66 dBi with side lobe level is -2.
1 dB.
Total efficiency is -0.
978 dB.
Figure 3.
Simulated reflection coefficient (S.
characteristics of the single element antenna Figure 4.
VSWR value of the single element antenna Int J Elec & Comp Eng.
Vol.
No.
February 2019 : 468 - 476
Int J Elec & Comp Eng
ISSN: 2088-8708
Figure 5.
Radiation pattern of the single element antenna, .
2D model, .
3D model MIMO 1x6 elements The Figure 6 shows the design of MIMO antenna with six element antenna.
The simulated radiation patterns are presented in Figure 7.
It was observed when elements were assembled in the form of six element antenna linear array, there was an increase in antenna gain from 7.
66 dBi to 15.
6 dBi with side lobe level 8 dB.
Total efficiency antenna is -1.
371 dB.
Simulated S-parameters of the arrays are illustrated in Figure 8, the isolations between the consecutive ports.
S21.
S32.
S43 etc.
, are well below -20dB which show a lesser mutual coupling between them.
Figure 6.
The geometry of six element MIMO antenna design .
Figure 7.
Radiation pattern of six element antenna, .
2D model, .
3D model High gain 5G MIMO antenna for mobile base station (Yusnita Rahay.
A ISSN: 2088-8708 Figure 8.
Simulated reflection coefficient (S.
characteristics of 1x6 element antenna MIMO 1x6 elements The Figure 9 shows the design of MIMO antenna with eight element antenna.
The 2D and 3D simulated radiation pattern are presented in Figure 10.
There was an increase in antenna gain from 15.
6 dBi 8 dBi with side lobe level is -2.
7 dB.
Total efficiency antenna is -1.
393 dB.
Simulated S-parameters of the arrays are illustrated in Figure 11, the isolations between the consecutive ports.
S21.
S32.
S43 etc.
, are well below -20dB which show a lesser mutual coupling between them.
Figure 9.
The geometry of eight element MIMO antenna design .
Figure 10.
Radiation pattern of the eight element antenna, .
2D model, .
3D model Int J Elec & Comp Eng.
Vol.
No.
February 2019 : 468 - 476
Int J Elec & Comp Eng
ISSN: 2088-8708
Figure 11.
Simulated reflection coefficient (S.
characteristics of 1x8 element antenna MIMO 1x10 elements The Figure 12 show the design of MIMO antenna with ten element antenna.
The 2D and 3D simulated radiation pattern are presented in Figure 13.
There was an increase in antenna gain from 16.
8 dBi 8 dBi with side lobe level is -2.
7 dB.
Total efficiency antenna is -1.
408 dB.
Simulated S-parameters of the arrays are illustrated in Figure 14, the isolations between the consecutive ports.
S21.
S32.
S43 etc.
, are well below -20dB which show a lesser mutual coupling between them.
The performances of the antenna linear array in terms of gain, efficiency, bandwidth, return loss and mutual coefficient are summarized in Table 3.
Figure 12.
The geometry of ten element MIMO antenna design .
Figure 13.
Radiation pattern of the ten element antenna, .
2D model, .
3D model High gain 5G MIMO antenna for mobile base station (Yusnita Rahay.
A ISSN: 2088-8708 Figure 14.
Simulated reflection coefficient (S.
characteristics of ten element antenna Table 3.
The Performances of the MIMO Antenna Variable Gain Effic.
1GHz
5GHz
5GHz
5GHz
Return loss
-20dB
-20dB
-20dB
CONCLUSION
A MIMO antenna which formed by using ten element antenna is designed for 5G mobile base station that can operate at 38 GHz.
The antenna was designed on a Rogers Duroid 5880 as subsrate with 575 mm-thickness, dielectric constant of A_r=2,2 and loss tangent .
of 0,0009.
The simulated results show that the single element antenna has the reflection coefficient (S.
of -59 dB, less than -10 dB in the frequency range of 35.
5 - 39.
6 GHz.
More than 4.
1 GHz of impedance bandwidth is obtained.
The MIMO antenna covers along the azimuth plane to provide the coverage to the users in When elements were assembled in the form of six element MIMO antenna, there was an increase in antenna gain from 7.
66 dBi to 15.
6 dBi while the suppression of the side lobes is -2.
8 dB with efficiency of -1.
When elements were assembled in the form of eight element MIMO antenna, there was an increase in antenna gain from 15.
6 dBi to 16.
8 dBi while the suppression of the side lobes is -2.
7 dB with efficiency of -1.
When elements were assembled in the form of ten element MIMO antenna, there was an increase in antenna gain from 16.
8 dBi to 17.
8 dBi while the suppression of the side lobes is -2.
7 dB with efficiency of -1.
So we can conclude that there was an increase in antenna gain while addition of each element antenna.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thanks to Ministry of Research.
Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia for their research funding and Wireless Communication Centre (WCC).
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for their support and collaboration.
REFERENCES