Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management http://dx.
org/10.
29244/jpsl.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ecotourism Stakeholders Analysis in Bodogol Resort.
Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park.
West Java Tangguh Triprajawana.
Rinekso Soekmadib.
Tutut Sunarmintob Ecotourism and Environmental Services Management.
Department of Forest Conservation Resources and Ecotourism.
Faculty of Forestry and Environment.
IPB University.
Bogor, 16880.
Indonesia Department of Forest Conservation Resources and Ecotourism.
Faculty of Forestry and Environment.
IPB University.
Bogor, 16880.
Indonesia Article History Received 22 June 2023 Revised 04 December 2023 Accepted 21 February 2024 Keywords collaboration, influence, interest, stakeholders ABSTRACT Tourist visits to Bodogol Resort.
Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP), have experienced a downward trend from to 1998Ae2021.
In addition, the Bodogol Resort is directly adjacent to the Lido Special Economic Zone (SEZ) with its main activity of tourism.
The level of interest and influence of stakeholders involved in ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort and their role determine progress in ecotourism development.
This study aims to assess the stakeholders and their role in ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort.
Data collection was performed through observations, interviews, and document deepening.
The analyses were performed both quantitatively and Stakeholder analysis was carried out to identify stakeholders, classify and map stakeholders, and analyze the relationships between stakeholders.
Sixteen stakeholders related to ecotourism development in the Bodogol Resort were identified.
The stakeholder mapping results are three key players, five subjects, and eight crowds.
This shows that the stakeholders involved have not played as optimal roles as they should, the division of roles of who does what.
Bodogol Resort is one of the key players with the highest level of influence and interest.
The results of the matrix analysis of the relationships between stakeholders show that communication, coordination, and cooperation are low.
Introduction Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) is in West Java Province in three districts: Cianjur.
Sukabumi, and Bogor.
According to the GGPNP center .
, management at the site level in the GGPNP is carried out by 15 resorts spread across three districts.
One of these resorts is the Bodogol Resort, with its management area in the Bogor and Sukabumi regencies.
According to the Indonesian Government .
, national parks are used for research, science, education, supporting cultivation, tourism, and natural recreation.
Bodogol Resort has a tourism object specializing in educational tourism in the form of conservation education, namely the Bodogol Nature Conservation Education Center (Pusat Pendidikan Konservasi Alam Bodogol/PPKAB), which was formed in 1998.
In addition to PPKAB, the surrounding community applies for a Business Permit for the Provision of Nature Tourism Services (Perijinan Berusaha Penyediaan Jasa Wisata Alam/PBPJWA) and the private party (MNC Land Compan.
applies for a Business Permit for the Provision of Natural Tourism Facilities (Perijinan Berusaha Penyediaan Sarana Wisata Alam/PBPSWA) in the Bodogol Resort area.
Based on the data obtained from Bodogol Resort, tourist visits to Bodogol Resort from 1998 to 2021 have The highest number of visitors in 2003 was 6,532, whereas in 2021 there were 1,152 visitors.
This decrease in visits was also a result of a decrease in the role of national parks in conservation education.
This decline is due to several factors, such as damaged road conditions to Bodogol Resort, and the natural tourism program offered still needs to be updated.
In addition, the existing facilities, infrastructure, and personnel are still limited (Head of the Bodogol Resort Personal Communication, interviewed on March 11, 2.
Corresponding Author: Rinekso Soekmadi Ecotourism.
IPB University.
Bogor.
Indonesia.
soekmadi@apps.
Department of Forest Conservation Resources and A 2024 Triprajawan et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, allowing unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided proper credit is given to the original authors.
Think twice before printing this journal paper.
Save paper, trees, and Earth! Another reason is that in Bodogol Resort, only PPKAB is currently developed into a natural tourism destination location and has more conservation education and special interest tourism, while other locations are still in the process of applying for PBPJWA by the surrounding community and PBPSWA by the MNC Land Company.
The management area of Bodogol Resort is directly adjacent to the Lido Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in accordance with Government Regulation No.
69 of 2021 concerning SEZ Lido .
, where the main activity is The Lido SEZ area of 1,040 ha located in Bogor Regency can be reached for 2 hours from Jakarta, and it is planned to build artificial tourism by MNC and integrate it with the natural tourism potential in Bodogol Resort through the PBPSWA scheme (Director of MNC Land Company Personal Communication, interviewed on May 19, 2.
Considering the conditions that tourism potential both within and around the Bodogol Resort area is increasingly attracting more stakeholders involved in tourism activities, more specifically ecotourism, it takes the support and contribution of various stakeholders to cooperate and synergize to develop ecotourism activities .
Several studies show that stakeholder analysis could be used to formulate strategies for developing ecotourism in various regions of Indonesia .
Ae.
Therefore, as the aim, the study on which stakeholders and how their role affects the development of ecotourism in Bodogol Resort of GGPNP needs to be conducted.
Materials and Methods Study Area This study was conducted from March to May 2022 at Bodogol Resort.
GGPNP, and three buffer villages.
Geographically.
Bogodol Resort is located between 6A32AoAe6A34Ao South Latitude and 106o56Ao East Longitude, with an area of 2,209.
417 ha (Figure .
Bodogol Resort has an altitude of between 700Ae1500 m above sea level with ecosystem types of lower montane forest .
ub-Montan.
and plantation forest.
According to the soil map of West Java Province (Bogor Soil Research Institut.
Bodogol Resort consists of various types of soil, namely Regosol.
Latosol, and Andosol.
According to Schmidt and Ferguson's climate classification, this region is classified as climate type A, with average rainfall ranging between 3,000Ae4,000 mm year-1 and 01 mm month-1.
Figure 1.
Study area of Bodogol Resort.
GGPNP.
Wates Jaya and Pasir Buncir villages, two buffer villages of Bodogol Resort, are part of the Bogor district, while Benda village is part of the Sukabumi district in West Java Province.
These three villages were selected because the communities there manage ecotourism.
The growth of ecotourism at the Bodogol Resort also involves other stakeholders, non-governmental organizations (NGO.
, and government agencies and http://dx.
org/10.
29244/jpsl.
JPSL, 14.
| 579
Methods of Data Collection and Data Analysis Three steps were involved in conducting the stakeholder analysis (Figure .
Stakeholder identification was the first step, during which fieldwork and interviews were conducted.
The second step involved mapping and categorizing the stakeholders according to their impact and level of interest.
Assessing stakeholder relationships through relationship mapping based on interviews and documentation was step three.
Figure 2.
Stakeholder analysis process.
Identification of Stakeholders To determine who the stakeholders were in the growth of ecotourism at Bodogol Resorts, identification was Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used in field observations and interviews to identify stakeholders and their interests.
Stakeholders were chosen based on their expertise and experience in the research topic.
The initial informant's recommendations yield more information.
, and researchers can identify other stakeholders who can provide more complete data.
Classification and Mapping of Stakeholders By converting the data gathering findings into scores of 1Ae5 based on the pre-prepared criteria, the stakeholders were mapped and classified.
The model used for the score measurement was created by Abbas .
into five-tiered measurements (Table .
Table 1.
Measurement criteria for level of interest and influence among stakeholders.
Score Value Criteria 20Ae25 16Ae20 11Ae15 6Ae10 0Ae5 Very high High High enough Less height Low 20Ae25 16Ae20 11Ae15 6Ae10 0Ae5 Very high High High enough Less height Low Explanation Stakeholder interest Strongly supports the ecotourism program in Bodogol Support the ecotourism in Bodogol Enough to support the ecotourism in Bodogol Lack of support for ecotourism in Bodogol Does not support the development of ecotourism in Bodogol Stakeholder influence Strongly influenced the ecotourism in Bodogol Influence the development of Bodogol ecotourism Enough to influence the development of Bodogol ecotourism Less influence on Bodogol ecotourism development Does not affect the development of Bodogol ecotourism Based on the size of their influence and their level of interest in the development of tourism, stakeholders were mapped into a stakeholder analysis matrix.
The five primary questions that were written beforehand serve as the basis for measuring stakeholdersAo interests and influences.
The degree of interest is evaluated based on factors such as stakeholder involvement in ecotourism development (K.
, stakeholder renewal of ecotourism development (K.
, stakeholder authority in ecotourism development (K.
, stakeholder programs This journal is A Triprajawan et al.
JPSL, 14.
| 580
related to ecotourism development (K.
, and degree of reliance on stakeholders in ecotourism development.
Based on the stakeholders' involvement in their ability to fight for their ambitions (P.
, the facilities they supply (P.
, and the institutional capacity/human resources, the level of influence was evaluated in terms of Next, a quadrant of the influence and interest matrix is mapped with the value of the stakeholder influence and interest.
Stakeholder mapping with an interest-influences matrix analysis method was used to classify subjects, crowds, key players, and context setters, according to Reed et al.
Figure 3's interest-influence matrix shows the quantitative data of interest and influence.
Next, a quadrant of the influence and interest matrix is mapped with the value of the stakeholder influence and interest.
Stakeholder mapping has been used to map subjects, crowds, context setters, and key players using an interest-influence matrix analysis method .
Quadrant II Subject Quadrant I Key Player Quadrant IV Crowd Quadrant i Context Setter Interest Influence Figure 3.
InterestAeinfluence matrix.
Stakeholders Relationships Documents and interviews with key informants served as the basis for mapping interactions between various The process of mapping stakeholder relationships involves describing such ties in writing and employing the description method to execute them in the field.
Stakeholder connections can be divided into three categories: cooperation, coordination, and communication.
Results and Discussion Stakeholders Identification The results of stakeholder identification show that were 16 stakeholders involved directly or indirectly in the development of ecotourism at Bodogol Resort, divided into government, community, private.
NGO, and university groups.
According to Mahfud et al.
, stakeholders are individuals or groups that have interests and influences .
ositive or negativ.
and are involved in a development program.
According to Bryson .
, stakeholders are individuals or groups of people who influence or are influenced by the success of an They can be men or women, communities, socioeconomic groups, or institutions in various dimensions at every level of society.
Following their duties and functions, stakeholders have roles as shown in Table 2.
http://dx.
org/10.
29244/jpsl.
JPSL, 14.
| 581
Table 2.
Stakeholders and their role in ecotourism development at the Bodogol Resort.
No.
Stakeholder Bodogol Resort-GGPNP Department of Culture and Tourism of Bogor Regency Department of Tourism of Sukabumi Regency Watesjaya Village Pasir Buncir Village Benda Village Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwi.
Ciwaluh PBPJWA-Jamaludin Paguyuban Wangunjaya Bersatu Bodogol Kampung Hoya (BKH) Forum Interpreter Bodogol (FIB) Volunteer TEPALA Volunteer EAGLE Conservation International Indonesia Universitas Terbuka MNC Land Company Role The smallest management of the GGPNP Center, the implementer of fieldlevel management, plays a role in carrying out the main activities of preservation and utilization protection.
Especially for utilization one of them is to manage & develop ecotourism at Bodogol Resort.
The Bogor Regency Culture and Tourism Office has the main task of assisting the Regent in carrying out government affairs in culture and tourism and assistance duties.
Currently, what is related to Bodogol Ecotourism is providing coaching and training, especially to Pokdarwis Ciwaluh and Watesjaya Village through Deswita Watesjaya.
Based on the Regional Regulation of Sukabumi Regency Number 7 of 2021, the task of the Tourism Office is to carry out government affairs in the tourism sector.
However, there is currently no role in developing ecotourism at Bodogol Resort Fostering and coordinating its citizens through the establishment of decree of Pokdarwis Ciwaluh and Deswita Watesjaya, where these two groups each proposed PB PJWA in the Bodogol Resort utilization zone Fostering and supporting its citizens, especially Paguyuban Wangunjaya Bersatu proposed PBPJWA at Bodogol Resort.
Making decree of Bodogol Kampung Hoya (BKH), holding Hoya cultivation training, and participating in promoting BKH at certain events.
Developing ecotourism in Ciwaluh which is integrated with natural attractions in Bodogol Resort through the PBPJWA submission scheme.
Developing, promoting, and selling ecotourism packages at Bodogol Resort.
Developing ecotourism by applying for PBPJWA at Bodogol Resort Developing Hoya plant-themed ecotourism in Bodogol village which is integrated with ecotourism activities at Bodogol Resort.
A forum for interpreters who oversee accompanying visitors at PPKABBodogol Resort.
Evacuation of visitors, security of the area, promotion of ecotourism Bodogol Resort.
Some of its members become interpreters at Bodogol Resort.
Evacuation of visitors, security of the area, promotion of ecotourism Resort Bodogol.
One of the founders of PPKAB, built several PPKAB facilities.
Providing training and assistance to BKH & Paguyuban Wangun Jaya Bersatu in developing ecotourism integrated with Bodogol resort.
Carrying out community empowerment activities through community service programs (ABDIMAS) to Pokdarwis Ciwaluh for ecotourism development by combining potential in the village and Bodogol Resort.
Building and assisting Pokdarwis Ciwaluh intensively after the ABDIMAS program.
Through cooperation agreement between MNC Land Company-GGPNP, developing natural tourism with locations in the Bodogol utilization zone and surrounding buffer areas.
Apply for PBPSWA in the Bodogol Resort utilization zone, whose natural tourism activities will be integrated with the Lido SEZ.
The identification of stakeholders is a crucial and essential step in the analysis of stakeholders as it offers a comprehensive picture of their engagement in the growth of ecotourism at Bodogol Resorts.
The role of stakeholders, such as the government as decision-makers and policymakers and the private sector as players in the tourism industry, academia, the community, and other parties, is integral to the development of natural tourism in conservation areas.
The concept of tourist development that cannot be carried out alone is demonstrated by the role of stakeholders in the development of natural tourism in conservation areas.
This idea calls for cooperation in the direction of action and balance between stakeholders .
The success and sustainability of ecotourism initiatives depend on the active participation and collaboration of stakeholders.
Ecotourism efforts can achieve a harmonious balance between environmental preservation, socio-economic progress, and cultural safeguarding by involving stakeholders at all levels and considering their perspectives .
According to the outcomes of the stakeholder identification process, the stakeholders comprise commercial companies.
NGOs, communities, universities, and local and federal government Bodogol Resort's ecotourism development includes sixteen stakeholders (Table .
This journal is A Triprajawan et al.
JPSL, 14.
| 582
Stakeholders Classification Stakeholder classification is a crucial factor that establishes the existence of stakeholders in addition to their According to Reed et al.
, stakeholders are categorized according to their degree of influence and Furthermore, stakeholder roles can be classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary classes .
Stakeholders involved in ecotourism can be classified based on their interests and motivations in ecotourism activities as follows: .
Conservation-Oriented Stakeholders: Environmental NGOs.
Wildlife Enthusiasts.
Ecologists and Biologists.
Community-Centered Stakeholders: Local Residents.
Indigenous Groups, and Local Businesses.
Education and Awareness Stakeholders: Educators and Researchers.
Environmental Educators.
Government and Policy Stakeholders .
The degree of interest encompasses concern, interest, and support from stakeholders for the growth of ecotourism at the Bodogol Resort.
The degree of influence encompasses the ability, legitimacy, and sway of stakeholders to promote the adoption of ecotourism initiatives at the Bodogol Resort.
Table 3 displays the findings from the key informant interviews with each stakeholder regarding their degree of interest.
Table 3.
Stakeholder interest level in ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort.
No.
Stakeholder Bodogol Resort - GGPNP
Department of Culture and Tourism of Bogor Regency Department of Tourism of Sukabumi Regency Watesjaya Village Pasir Buncir Village Benda Village Pokdarwis Ciwaluh
PBPJWA-Jamaludin
Paguyuban Wangunjaya Bersatu BKH
FIB
Volunteer TEPALA
Volunteer EAGLE
Universitas Terbuka (UT) Conservation International (CI) Indonesia
MNC Land Company Interest
K1 K2
Total Information: 5 = very high, 4 = high, 3 = high enough, 2 = low height, 1 = low.
K1 = Stakeholder involvement related to ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort.
K2 = Benefits of ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort for stakeholders.
K3 = Authority of stakeholders related to ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort.
K4 = Stakeholder program related to ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort.
K5 = The level of dependence of stakeholders on ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort.
Table 3 shows that Bodogol Resort has a very high interest in ecotourism development.
This is because the Bodogol Resort, as a regional stakeholder, as Hakim et al.
mentioned, is directly responsible for management in the area in terms of area protection, preservation of biodiversity, and sustainable use.
Bodogol Resort, in this case, is a representative of GGPNP and is obliged to empower the surrounding community in the context of efforts to preserve conservation areas with environmental services that can encourage an increase in community income so that the pressure of disturbance to the area is low.
These efforts were made by coaching the surrounding communities.
Other stakeholders with high-interest values are the FIB.
PBPJWA-Jamaludin and BKH, who are residents of Bodogol village.
These three stakeholders have a high interest because involvement in ecotourism activities at Bodogol Resort is an alternative source of income for this community group.
The development of Hoya cultivation, which is a native/local plant of the GGPNP, is a community product with economic value.
The MNC Land Company has an interest level with high ecotourism development.
This is in line with the tourism management plan for land integrated with natural tourism in the Bodogol Resort area.
The MNC Land Company controlled most of the land outside the area to develop SEZs in buffer villages.
Land ownership by the community is so small that most people cultivate MNC land.
However, this is temporary if the MNC is going to use land and the community must have other business alternatives.
Ecotourism development is one way to improve community welfare.
The levels of influence of the 16 stakeholders identified in the research results are listed in Table 4.
http://dx.
org/10.
29244/jpsl.
JPSL, 14.
| 583
Table 4.
Stakeholder influence level in ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort.
No.
Stakeholder Bodogol Resort - GGPNP
Department of Culture and Tourism of Bogor Regency Department of Tourism of Sukabumi Regency Watesjaya Village Pasir Buncir Village Benda Village Pokdarwis Ciwaluh
PBPJWA-Jamaludin
Paguyuban Wangunjaya Bersatu BKH
FIB
Volunteer TEPALA Volunteer EAGLE CI Indonesia MNC Land Company Influence P1 P2 P3 Total Information: 5 = very high, 4 = high, 3 = high enough, 2 = low height, 1 = low.
P1 = The ability of stakeholders to fight their aspirations.
P2 = Contribution of facilities provided by stakeholders.
P3 = Institutional capacity/human resources assigned by stakeholders.
P4 = Stakeholder budget support used related to ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort.
P5 = The ability of stakeholders to carry out ecotourism development at Bodogol Resort.
Table 4 shows that Bodogol Resort has the highest influence on ecotourism development.
In accordance with the duties and functions of the organization, mandated in Law No.
5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Natural Resources and its Ecosystem.
National Parks have the function of developing education that contains conservation/environment or ecotourism.
Facility support for carrying out activities continues to be provided, although it is not optimal.
In addition, the existence of PPKAB since 1998 has yet to boost a significant increase in visits, where one of the inhibiting factors is the difficulty of access to the location.
Indonesia also has a high influence, whereas a partner of GGPNP supports ecotourism development efforts with a location at Bodogol Resort.
The form of support carried out involves priority animal research and human resources and contributes to maintaining infrastructure facilities in supporting ecotourism activities.
In addition.
CI Indonesia also supports community empowerment carried out by forest farmer groups (KTH).
Bodogol Kampung Hoya, by facilitating Hoya cultivation.
Ecotourism training was then conducted at Paguyuban Wangunjaya Bersatu, especially on how to receive tourist visits.
The numerous limitations in the development of nature tourism have resulted in improper management of nature tourism efforts .
overcome these limitations, especially in the local community, local tourism stakeholders are empowered through participation in the development process .
Regarding the MNC area directly adjacent to GGPNP, especially Bodogol Resort.
GGPNP is a general asset with its charm as an essential potential to support natural tourism development.
The entrance to the GGPNP location is through the MNC road, where the two stakeholders considerably influence each other.
However, on the other hand, if the two stakeholders do not collaborate, it can also affect the insistence on the sustainability of the GGPNP area.
Good collaboration between the two stakeholders creates a new color in the development of ecotourism.
Several other stakeholders, such as the Department of Culture and Tourism of Bogor Regency and the Department of Tourism of Sukabumi Regency, in their main duties and functions, have authority in tourism affairs but have yet to influence the development of ecotourism at Bodogol Resort.
This is because of the perception of regional restrictions and budget constraints, so it has yet to make a major contribution other than training.
In addition, these two local government agencies lack information about ecotourism development activities at Bodogol Resort, so their roles and involvement are lacking.
It is necessary to improve communication, coordination, and cooperation between these two stakeholders.
Stakeholder mapping also involves creating a matrix utilizing a stakeholder grid to compare the number of interest levels and influence of each stakeholder.
Siregar .
asserts that it is important to take into account the fact that the stakeholder influence and interest matrices are subject to alter at any time.
The stakeholder interest and influence matrix (Figure .
presents quantitative data on stakeholder interests and influence.
This journal is A Triprajawan et al.
JPSL, 14.
| 584
Quadrant II Subject Quadrant I Key Player Interest Quadrant IV Crowd Quadrant i Context Setter Influence Figure 4.
Quadrant matrix of interest and influence.
Information: 1.
Bodogol Resort, 2.
Department of Culture and Tourism of Bogor Regency, 3.
Department of Culture and Tourism.
Sukabumi Regency, 4.
Wates Jaya Village, 5.
Pasir Buncir Village, 6.
Benda Village, 7.
Pokdarwis Ciwaluh, 8.
PBJWA-Jamaludin, 9.
Paguyuban Wangun.
Jaya Bersatu, 10.
BKH, 11.
FIB, 12.
Volunteer TEPALA, 13.
Volunteer EAGLE, 14.
UT, 15.
CI Indonesia, 16.
MNC Land Company.
Key player (High Interest-High Influenc.
The stakeholders in this quadrant are the most important because they have a strong stake in and may affect management success .
Managers with legal power always maintain a position as the primary stakeholder in any natural resource management activity .
The results also show that Bodogol Resort, as a manager and regional stakeholder, has the greatest interest and influence.
Effective interaction between managers and regional stakeholders can be achieved through open communication, stakeholder engagement, and understanding stakeholder needs.
By establishing shared goals, resolving conflicts, and emphasizing mutual benefits, collaboration can be fostered to maximize the interests of all parties involved in the development of ecotourism .
Bodogol Resort, as the smallest management at the site level of the GGPNP, has higher authority and influence than other stakeholders so it has the highest value of influence and interest.
The MNC Land Company collaborates with the GGPNP with locations in Bodogol Resort and its surroundings through collaboration agreement No.
PKS.
2579/BBTNGGP/KBTU/KS/12/2016 of 2016, which is currently being Through this collaboration, the MNC has contributed, especially in PPKAB, by building prayer rooms and repairing interpretation lines, table chairs, interpreter uniforms, and toilets.
The MNC is in the process of applying for PBPSWA and is already in the final stage.
PBPSWA will be integrated wit h artificial tourism in the Lido SEZ.
CI Indonesia, which has now changed to Yayasan Konservasi Indonesia (YKI) in April 2022, is one of the founders of PPKAB, together with GGPNP and the Mitra Alam Foundation.
At the beginning of the establishment of PPKAB, this stakeholder contributed to building dormitories and the Bodogol Research Station and assigned staff to assist in the management of PPKAB.
However.
YKI's role in developing ecotourism in Bodogol, especially PPKAB, has decreased.
The contribution and role of key players are greater than those of other stakeholders because they have funding.
that supports ecotourism at Bodogol Resort.
http://dx.
org/10.
29244/jpsl.
JPSL, 14.
| 585
Subject (High Interest-Low Influenc.
PBPJWA-Jamaludin.
FIB.
BKH.
Wates Jaya Village.
Pokdarwis Ciwaluh, and BKH are examples of themes with strong interest but limited influence.
Because of the benefits from increased welfare in the form of alternate revenue from ecotourism, these stakeholders have high interest values.
The village head of Wates Jaya is in the midst of filing an application for the PBPJWA.
Pokdarwis Ciwaluh is also in the midst of putting out a proposal to PBPJWA via representatives of its members to get heavily involved in promoting ecotourism at Bodogol Resort, which works in tandem with the village's already-operating tourism.
Meanwhile.
PBPJWAJamaludin.
BKH and FIB have already been directly involved.
Based on a study by Alviya et al.
, parties falling under the topic category typically do so because of inadequate resource capacity, lack of human resources, or something else not explicitly mentioned in the management's primary responsibilities.
Crowd (Low Interest-Low Influenc.
There is little interest in or power held by the tourism departments for the Sukabumi Regency and Bogor Regency.
The two government organizations ought to be powerful.
The primary responsibility of the Bogor Regency Department of Culture and Tourism is to support regents in managing government issues in the areas of culture, tourism, and assistance.
Government affairs in the tourism sector are the responsibility of the Department of Culture, as per the Sukabumi Regency Regional Regulation No.
7 of 2021.
This is due to the fact that the local administration believes it has no jurisdiction over the Bodogol Resort area, which is under the jurisdiction of the central government.
This type of sectoral ego must be crushed .
Santoso et al.
explain the idea that tourism development is a collaborative effort requiring the cooperation of all stakeholders is put forth by those involved in the development of natural tourism in conservation zones.
However, the Bodogol Resort's information and participation through the GGPNP are similar for local government stakeholders.
Applications for PBPJWA are being made by other stakeholders, including Paguyuban Wangunjaya, a resident of Pasir Buncir Village, through representatives of its members.
Since its founding, the organization has concentrated on managing natural tourism in the area, as suggested by the PBPJWA.
However, this stakeholder does not participate in regular tourism management activities because a permit has not yet been provided.
The programs offered by Benda Village and Pasir Buncir Village include the development of ecotourism.
This may be because of financing.
Financial support is a key factor for the development and sustainability of local tourism initiatives.
Local tourism can receive financial support from sources such as government funding, international aid, public-private partnerships, tourism taxes, grants, crowdfunding, and financial institutions .
But it is not easy, challenges in obtaining funding for local tourism include limited access to capital, competition for resources, uncertain returns, seasonal cash flow, lack of awareness, regulatory hurdles, and sustainability concerns.
Another way is to combat corruption and lobbying forces .
Relationship of the Stakeholders The relationships among the stakeholders are explained in Table 5.
Riani .
mentioned that relationships between stakeholders can be divided into communication relationships .
, coordination .
, and cooperation .
From the results of the analysis, 46 relationships between stakeholders were obtained from 120 potential relationships, consisting of 17 communications, 26 coordination, and three cooperation.
This shows that the level of the relationship between stakeholders is low.
Bodogol Resort was the most active participant, interacting with thirteen other parties.
On the other hand, the Sukabumi Regency's Department of Tourism interacts the least with other stakeholders.
This is due to the fact that the majority of ecotourism, which is now operating, is found in the Bogor Regency's administrative region.
Likewise, the Sukabumi Regency's Department of Tourism did not obtain any information regarding ecotourism at Bodogol Resort.
Although communication between the Bodogol Resort and Bogor Regency Department of Culture and Tourism has increased, it is still not very intense.
Alikodra .
asserted that implementing coordination-integrationsynchronization (KIS) to create a sustainable environmental region and prioritize community-enhancing methods is essential to boosting stakeholder performance in ecotourism management .
The matrix (Table .
explains the patterns of these relationships.
This pattern is crucial for understanding because each stakeholder has a different interest in the development of ecotourism.
Some behaviors include environmental conservation, community engagement, economic benefits, cultural preservation, and longterm viability .
The attitudes and behaviors of ecotourists directly impact the sustainability of ecotourism By promoting environmentally responsible practices, supporting local communities, preserving cultural heritage, and advocating sustainable tourism development, ecotourists can contribute to the natural conservation and resources of culture and the overall success of sustainable ecotourism.
This journal is A Triprajawan et al.
JPSL, 14.
| 586
Collaborative efforts among stakeholders to promote sustainable ecotourism can lead to a win-win situation that benefits the environment and local livelihoods.
Key factors for success include effective partnerships, inclusive decision making, and shared responsibility.
By working together towards a common goal, ecotourism initiatives can have a lasting and positive impact on local communities, ensuring mutual benefits for all involved parties .
Fostering dialogue, cooperation, and mutual understanding between conservation and livelihood stakeholders are key to establishing a harmonious connection that promotes environmental sustainability and community well-being.
Balancing the needs for conservation with those of local livelihoods is crucial for ensuring long-term success and resilience in conservation efforts.
Bodogol Resort
Department of Culture and Tourism of Bogor Regency Department of Culture and Tourism of Sukabumi Regency Watesjaya Village Pasir Buncir Village Benda Village Pokdarwis Ciwaluh
PBPJWA Jamaludin
Wangunjaya
BKH
FIB
TEPALA
EAGLE
CI Indonesia
MNC
Bodogol Resort Dept.
of Culture and Tourism of Bogor Regency Dept.
of Culture and Tourism of Sukabumi Regency Watesjaya Village Pasir Buncir Village Benda Village Pokdarwis Ciwaluh
PBPJWA Jamaludin
Paguyuban Wangunjaya Bersatu BKH
FIB
Volunteer TEPALA Volunteer EAGLE CI Indonesia MNC Land Company Table 5.
Matrix of stakeholder relationships.
2 - 2 2
- 2 - -
Conclusions According to the findings, 16 parties played a direct or indirect role in the growth of ecotourism at the Bodogol Resort.
These parties include communities, governmental organizations, private industry, academic institutions, and NGOs.
Three stakeholders were significant players, five were subjects, and eight were crowds, according to the matrix of interests and influences.
This suggests that stakeholders did not have the best possible role to perform.
The matrix analysis of the relationships among stakeholders yielded data indicating a lack of coordination, cooperation, and communication.
Schemes for collaboration that designate one stakeholder as the leader among key players to improve synergy and cooperation are only project oriented and necessary to break down sectoral egos.
http://dx.
org/10.
29244/jpsl.
JPSL, 14.
| 587
Author Contributions TT: Conceptualization.
Methodology.
Investigation.
Writing - Review & Editing.
RS: Conceptualization.
Methodology.
Supervision.
TS: Conceptualization.
Methodology.
Supervision.
Conflicts of Interest There are no conflicts to declare.
Acknowledgements The author would like to express gratitude to the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education Agency (LPDP) as a scholarship donor.
The author also thanks the Head of the GGPNP Centre, the staff, and all respondents who helped and supported this research.
References